CN115886160A - Feed for larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia - Google Patents
Feed for larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia Download PDFInfo
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- CN115886160A CN115886160A CN202211519114.8A CN202211519114A CN115886160A CN 115886160 A CN115886160 A CN 115886160A CN 202211519114 A CN202211519114 A CN 202211519114A CN 115886160 A CN115886160 A CN 115886160A
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Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for larvae of fruit flies in south Asia. The feed for the south Asia fruit fly larvae comprises, by mass, 150 parts of bananas, 150 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of yeast powder, 30 parts of cane sugar, 30 parts of toilet paper, 1.2 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.6 part of sodium benzoate, 36 parts of pumpkins and 200 parts of water. The feed has the following advantages: (1) The price is low, the preparation is simple, and the long-term storage and use are convenient; (2) The feed is used for feeding south Asia fruit flies, so that the survival rate of larvae is greatly improved; (3) time and labor are saved, and large-scale feeding can be realized; (4) Can reduce or avoid the interference of factors such as microbial infection, pesticide and the like; and (5) easily obtaining test insects with one physiological standard. Therefore, the feed can be used as an indoor artificial feed for feeding the south Asia fruit flies in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect feeds, and particularly relates to a feed for larvae of fruit flies in south Asia.
Background
Diptera tephritidae insects are ubiquitous throughout the world, and some of them cause significant damage to vegetables and fruits, thus having great economic significance. South Asia fruit flies (Bactrocera tau), a typical species of the family Bactroceraceae, are among the major pests of cucurbitaceae, tomatoes and other fleshy fruits. In recent years, south Asia fruit flies are continuously rampant at home and abroad to cause serious loss, which urgently requires that a great deal of related researches can be carried out indoors to guide the continuous deepening of researches in the subject fields of field control, ecology, virulence, molecular biology and the like and the development of control technologies while field experiments are carried out outdoors. This has led to the need to raise large numbers of healthy, consistently developing south asian fruit flies indoors for testing purposes.
The natural host pumpkin is used for feeding the south Asia fruit flies in the laboratory, so that the individual development progress is greatly different, and meanwhile, the pumpkin is eaten by larvae to generate unpleasant smell along with water, so that the larvae are submerged, and the death rate of the larvae is very high. Therefore, the pumpkin is required to be fed by a large amount of manpower, and the pumpkin is high in price, difficult to store for a long time and required to be purchased frequently. This makes it extremely urgent to develop an artificial feed for Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
However, no complete artificial feed for bactrocera nanae has been reported so far, and only Liuyu seal and Linmingying (2001) reported that bactrocera nanae can be fed with the artificial feed for bactrocera cucurbitae in the article, but no relevant experimental verification exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed for larvae of fruit flies in south Asia aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The feed for the south Asia fruit fly larvae comprises, by mass, 150 parts of bananas, 150 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of yeast powder, 30 parts of white granulated sugar, 30 parts of toilet paper, 1.2 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.6 part of sodium benzoate, 200 parts of water and 36 parts of pumpkins.
Preferably, the banana is a banana pulp part, and the pumpkin is a pumpkin pulp part.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the south Asia fruit flies, which comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, all the components are mixed, fully crushed and uniformly mixed to prepare the south Asia fruit fly larva feed.
The invention also provides application of the south Asia fruit fly larva feed in feeding south Asia fruit flies.
The invention also provides a method for feeding the south Asia fruit flies, which comprises the following steps that the south Asia fruit fly larvae are fed with the feed at the south Asia fruit fly larva stage; in the south Asia fruit fly imago stage, south Asia fruit fly imago feed is used for feeding, and the south Asia fruit fly imago feed is prepared by mixing yeast powder and white granulated sugar according to the mass ratio of 1.
The artificial feed for the south Asia fruit fly larvae has the following advantages: (1) The price is low, the preparation is simple, and the long-term storage and use are convenient; (2) The feed is used for feeding south Asia fruit flies, so that the survival rate of larvae is greatly improved; (3) time and labor are saved, and large-scale feeding can be realized; (4) Can reduce or avoid the interference of factors such as microbial infection, pesticide and the like; and (5) easily obtaining test insects with one physiological standard. Therefore, the feed can be used as an indoor artificial feed for feeding the south Asia fruit flies in a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the average pupal weight results of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the survival rate, fertility, longevity, egg hatching rate and female fertility of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions.
FIG. 3 shows the ontogeny and larval length of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions; FIG. A shows the individual development of the larvae of the fruit flies in south Asia bred by pure pumpkin (pure host), and FIG. B shows the individual development of the larvae of the fruit flies in south Asia bred by feed D; graph C is a statistics of larval body length of bactrocera dorsalis corresponding to two different feed conditions, indicating a significant difference at the 0.0001 level.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a microorganism bred by pure pumpkin, and a microorganism contaminated portion is indicated by black arrows.
FIG. 5 shows that the death of larvae is easy to occur when pure pumpkin is used for feeding; FIG. A is a photograph of larvae dying due to pure pumpkin feeding, wherein water generated by pure host pumpkin feeding is arranged at the arrow, and drowned larvae are arranged at the black circle; fig. B is a statistical result of the survival rate of the larvae of drosophila melanogaster raised in south asia from pure pumpkins (pure hosts) and the feed D, which indicates that the difference is significant at the level of 0.05.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
The following experiments relate to the following larval feed formulation; the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the components according to the amount of the formula, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the corresponding feed.
1. Feed formula
Feed a (artificial feed formula explored earlier in this laboratory): 150g of bananas, 150g of corn flour, 30g of yeast powder, 30g of white granulated sugar, 30g of toilet paper, 1.2mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.6g of sodium benzoate and 200mL of water.
Feed B (Liuyuzhang and Linmingying (2001) reported artificial feed formula for melon fly larvae for feeding south Asia fruit flies): 1680g of coarse wheat bran, 360g of soybean residue, 480g of yeast powder, 720g of granulated sugar, 270g of toilet paper, 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 8g of sodium benzoate, 9000mL of water and pH =4.6.
Feed C (artificial feed formulation for melon fly larvae reported by Nakamori et al (1975)): 150g of wheat bran, 30g of soybean meal, 30g of yeast powder, 55.8g of granulated sugar, 20g of toilet paper, 44.4mL of 3.5% hydrochloric acid, 0.5g of sodium benzoate, 778mL of water and 30g of pumpkin.
Feed D (Artificial feed formula for Bactrocera dorsalis larvae in south Asia of the invention): 150g of bananas, 150g of corn flour, 30g of yeast powder, 30g of white granulated sugar, 30g of toilet paper, 1.2mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.6g of sodium benzoate, 200mL of water and 36g of pumpkins. Namely, a certain amount of pumpkin is added on the basis of the feed A.
Pure pumpkin (natural host) was raised as Control (Control).
The sources of the materials involved in the above formulation are: the banana and the pumpkin are conventional commercial varieties, the banana used in the feed refers to the banana pulp part, and the pumpkin used in the feed refers to the pumpkin pulp part; corn flour (Sihui Jintaifeng flour Co., ltd.); yeast powder (Tian Ji bee professional cooperative in the area of monograph of Guangzhou city); white granulated sugar (Guangxi sugar industry group city prevention refined sugar Co., ltd.); toilet paper (veda paper towel); concentrated hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0, shanghai ear test Co.); sodium benzoate (CAS: 532-32-1, dachiken chemical products of Tianjin); water (tap water).
2. Experimental method
Laying eggs in an egg laying cup in adults originally bred by pure pumpkins, taking out after 8 hours, flushing the eggs on the cup wall to the cup bottom by using a sprinkling can, filtering by using a 60-mesh gauze, carefully picking the eggs into a plastic box filled with larva feed (the feed A, B, C and D or the pure pumpkins) by using a small-size brush pen soaked with water, hatching and bouncing to pupate, and randomly selecting 60 pupates 3 days after pupation, and weighing by using an electronic balance. After eclosion into adults, randomly selecting 30 female insects and 30 male insects to be paired in a cage, putting a water cup and adult feed (prepared by mixing yeast powder and white granulated sugar according to a mass ratio of 1. And 8 times during the egg laying period, carefully picking 200 eggs into a wet culture dish with filter paper on the lower layer and black paper on the upper layer by using a small brush pen dipped with water, covering, and checking the hatching condition under a dissecting mirror after 2 days. The experiment was repeated 3 times.
3. Results
In four kinds of artificial feed (feed A, feed B, feed C and feed D) for larvae, eggs inoculated into the feed B are not hatched for unknown reasons, so that the feed B is removed.
FIG. 1 shows the average pupal weight results of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the pupae bred with feed D had the closest effect to the breeding with natural hosts, indicating that the formulation of feed D was significantly better than that of feed A and feed C.
FIG. 2 shows the survival rate, fertility, longevity, egg hatchability and female fertility results of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions. As can be seen from the survival results in fig. 2A, the larvae reared on feed D survived the highest in the artificial feed, closest to the natural host rearing level. From the fertility results of FIG. 2B, the fecundity was highest in the early stage when fed with the natural host diet and in the later stage when fed with diet D. From the life results of fig. 2C, there were no differences between the four groups for the life indicators; but for the female insects, the feed D is obviously higher than the feed A and the feed C, and the feed D has no difference with the natural host pumpkin, which shows that the feed D achieves the same effect with the natural host feeding in the aspect of service life. The results of egg hatchability and female fertility (egg production per female) in fig. 2D show that feed D is significantly higher than feed a and feed C and is closest to the natural host squash.
Table 1 shows the population parameters of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions (calculated according to the method of Birch (1948) and Wukunjun et al (1980)), and R of feed C can be known from Table 1 0 (net reproductive rate of population) lowest, R of feed D 0 The (population net reproductive rate) is closest to that of pure pumpkin (control), and T (generation average period) fed with feed D is highest in each group, indicating that feed D survives fruit flies in south asia for the longest time.
TABLE 1 population parameters of Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia under different feed conditions
Note: r0 represents population net genital ratio; r is m Indicates the intrinsic growth rate; λ represents the cycle growth rate; t represents the average generation period; the same letters after the data indicate that the DMRT method did not differ significantly at the p =0.05 level.
In addition, pure pumpkin feeding has some obvious disadvantages, and the feed D can remarkably improve the problems.
Randomly picking larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis Hayata which hatch for 4-5 days to measure body length, and FIG. 3 shows the ontogeny and larval body length results of Bactrocera dorsalis Hayata under different feed conditions. It can be clearly seen that the individual development progress of the larvae of the south Asia fruit flies bred by the pure pumpkins is greatly different (fig. 3A); and the south Asia fruit fly larvae are high in development consistency when fed with the feed D, and the body length of the larvae fed with the feed D is remarkably longer than that of the larvae fed with pumpkin (figures 3B and C). The natural host pumpkin is used for feeding the south Asia fruit flies, so that the individual development progress is greatly different, and the test insects which are easily standardized in physiological standard are fed by the feed D.
The pumpkin is fed by a pure host, so that microorganisms are easy to breed (figure 4), and the microbial infection is likely to be caused; and the feed D can reduce or avoid microbial infection as an artificial feed. Moreover, pesticide can not be used in the growth process of the planted pumpkins, so that the pure pumpkin feeding may influence experimental insects, and the interference of factors such as pesticide can be reduced by reducing the use of natural host pumpkins.
Respectively taking 100 newly hatched larvae, inoculating the larvae onto feed D or pure host pumpkins, feeding the larvae to the old larvae, and observing and counting the death conditions of the larvae. The pumpkin is fed by the pure host pumpkin, and the pumpkin is sunk into larvae along with the water output after being eaten by the larvae (figure 5A), so that the death rate of the larvae is high; the survival rate of larvae reared on the pure host squash was significantly lower than that of larvae reared on feed D (fig. 5B).
In terms of feed cost, the required cost is calculated according to 1000g of each of pumpkin and feed D. 1000g of pumpkin: the cost is 8 yuan. 1000g of feed D: banana is 0.375 yuan, corn flour is 0.54 yuan, yeast powder is 0.432 yuan, cane sugar is 0.153 yuan, toilet paper is 0.25 yuan, concentrated hydrochloric acid is 0.18 yuan, sodium benzoate is 0.0042 yuan, tap water is ignored, pumpkin is 0.288 yuan, and the total amount is as follows: 2.2222 yuan. The feed D can save a large amount of cost under the same weight. On the other hand, the pumpkin is not easy to store for a long time and needs to be purchased frequently; the artificial feed D contains preservative sodium benzoate, can be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 2-3 months, and can be taken at any time.
The above test results show that in several groups of artificial feeds, feed B is discarded because fly eggs of south Asia fruits do not hatch; feed C is eliminated due to too low net genital rate; the feed A is obviously inferior to the feed D, and the pupa weight, the female genital rate, the female average life and the egg hatching rate of the feed D are all close to the effect of pure pumpkin feeding. Moreover, the feed D can obviously reduce a large amount of cost, save a large amount of manpower and material resources, reduce microbial infection, reduce the death rate of larvae and obtain the larvae with more consistent physiological standards, so the feed D can be used as an indoor artificial feed to breed the Bactrocera dorsalis in south Asia on a large scale.
Claims (5)
1. The feed for larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis Hayata is characterized by comprising 150 parts of bananas, 150 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of yeast powder, 30 parts of white granulated sugar, 30 parts of toilet paper, 1.2 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.6 part of sodium benzoate, 200 parts of water and 36 parts of pumpkins by mass.
2. The feed for larvae of fruit flies of south asia as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bananas are banana pulp and said squash is squash pulp.
3. The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the south Asia fruit flies is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the south Asia fruit fly larva feed is prepared by mixing the components according to the mass portion of claim 1, fully crushing and uniformly mixing.
4. Use of the feed for larvae of fruit flies of south asian claim 1 for rearing fruit flies of south asian.
5. A method for rearing south asian fruit flies, comprising the steps of rearing south asian fruit fly larvae feeds according to claim 1 at a south asian fruit fly larvae stage; in the south Asia fruit fly imago stage, south Asia fruit fly imago feed is used for feeding, and the south Asia fruit fly imago feed is prepared by mixing yeast powder and white granulated sugar according to the mass ratio of 1.
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