CN107897126B - Green firefly breeding process - Google Patents
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- CN107897126B CN107897126B CN201711145692.9A CN201711145692A CN107897126B CN 107897126 B CN107897126 B CN 107897126B CN 201711145692 A CN201711145692 A CN 201711145692A CN 107897126 B CN107897126 B CN 107897126B
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- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004419 dimethyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N dimethyl fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydro-luciferin Natural products OC(=O)C1=CSC(C=2SC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=2)=N1 CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- BJGNCJDXODQBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fivefly Luciferin Natural products OC(=O)C1CSC(C=2SC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=2)=N1 BJGNCJDXODQBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDWFXDSYGUXRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Luciferin Natural products CCc1c(C)c(CC2NC(=O)C(=C2C=C)C)[nH]c1Cc3[nH]c4C(=C5/NC(CC(=O)O)C(C)C5CC(=O)O)CC(=O)c4c3C DDWFXDSYGUXRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RMTFNDVZYPHUEF-XZBKPIIZSA-N 3-O-methyl-D-glucose Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO RMTFNDVZYPHUEF-XZBKPIIZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVKFYEBSUJWAIF-BTVCFUMJSA-N C(C=CC(=O)O)(=O)O.O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO Chemical compound C(C=CC(=O)O)(=O)O.O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO NVKFYEBSUJWAIF-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a firefly green breeding process, which comprises the steps of egg hatching, larva breeding and pupal stage management, wherein the larva breeding adopts nutritional feed for feeding. The green firefly breeding process has the advantages that the firefly is scientifically and reasonably bred, so that the firefly is fully and evenly supplemented with nutrition, the investment cost is reduced, the growth speed is increased, the breeding time is shortened, and greater economic benefits are brought to farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of firefly breeding, in particular to a firefly green breeding process.
Background
Firefly (firefly), also known as noctilucent and sedum, is called firefly, because its tail can emit fluorescence, it belongs to the family of gloriophyceae, and is a small beetle, whose tail can emit light, such as bright glorious, night light, streamer, night candle, and dazzling light, etc. The insects with luminous tails are more common in China, such as Luciola melanocarpa, Luciola brasiliensis, Luciola glauca and the like.
Fireflies are a generic name for the insects of the family firefly, of about 2000 species worldwide, and are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. According to statistics of several experts in China, about more than 100 types of discovered types are provided, and 150 types of undiscovered types are provided in total. The luminous material should be luminous at night and can be divided into aquatic type and terrestrial type. The body size is small to medium, long and flat, and the body wall and the cole wing are soft. The anterior dorsal aspect is flat and often covers the head. The head is narrow. The eyes are semi-spherical, with the male eye often being larger than the female. 7-8 abdominal sections, a light emitter below the tail end, and yellow green fluorescence generated after the reaction of luciferin in vivo and luciferase.
Firefly light emitters contain a light-emitting cell that contains a chemical containing a scale, called luciferin. When the firefly element meets, a chemical reaction occurs, thereby generating light. The duration of different firefly lights is different, some can last less than one second, some can last for several minutes.
Fireflies move at night, eggs, larvae and pupae can emit light, and adults can emit light to attract foreign sex. The larvae prey on snails and small insects, and prefer to inhabit places where moist warm vegetation is flourishing.
Adults eat only some dew or pollen and snail meat. When fireflies are about to produce, they will find the snail shells to lodge inside and feed on snails without any defence capacity. Scientific research shows that there is also a firefly, which depends on eating male firefly to reproduce and protect the offspring from survival. Such "fatal affective people" are not currently found in china, and most of them live in north america. They are standard predatory insects, unlike the adult fireflies in china, which do not feed for life, or only eat pollen, dew, etc. The firefly can attract males by simulating the female flash of other fireflies, and when the male firefly responds to the love seeking, the firefly can be eaten by the other.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a firefly green breeding process.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a green culturing process for firefly comprises the steps of hatching eggs, culturing in a larval stage and managing in a pupal stage. The breeding in the larval stage adopts nutritional feed for feeding.
The preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed snail meat to obtain snail meat powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely ground river snail meat, then grinding and sieving with a 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely ground river snail meat; vacuum drying the ground river snail meat to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized sea snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized sea snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed conch meat to obtain conch meat powder;
(4) uniformly mixing 55-65 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 25-35 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 5-15 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.005-0.02 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.2-0.9 part by weight of chitosan and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of preservative, and sterilizing to obtain the feed additive.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed snail meat to obtain snail meat powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely ground river snail meat, then grinding and sieving with a 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely ground river snail meat; vacuum drying the ground river snail meat to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized sea snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized sea snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed conch meat to obtain conch meat powder;
(4) uniformly mixing 55-65 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 25-35 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 5-15 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.005-0.02 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.2-0.9 part by weight of modified chitosan and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of preservative, and sterilizing to obtain the feed additive.
The preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.0005-0.0015mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1-2%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1-3%; mixing chitosan solution and sodium alginate solution according to the mass ratio of (9-13): 1 stirring at the rotation speed of 200-20 revolutions per minute for 5-15min, then adding 1-2% calcium chloride aqueous solution, wherein the adding amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 50-70% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring at the rotation speed of 200-500 revolutions per minute for 5-15min, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using 0.005-0.015mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing for 12-36h after solid floccule appears, filtering, and drying at 35-40 ℃ for 30-40h to obtain the modified chitosan.
The preservative is galacto-methyl fumarate and/or glucose methyl fumarate. In one embodiment of the invention, the preservative consists of 75-85 wt% galactomethyl fumarate and 15-25 wt% glucose methyl fumarate.
The vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is 0.05-0.15MPa, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 3-7 h.
The sterilization is microwave sterilization or ultraviolet sterilization.
The microwave power for microwave sterilization is 500-700W, the microwave frequency is 2400-2500MHz, and the time is 1-4 min.
The green firefly breeding process has the advantages that the firefly is scientifically and reasonably bred, so that the firefly is fully and evenly supplemented with nutrition, the investment cost is reduced, the growth speed is increased, the breeding time is shortened, and greater economic benefits are brought to farmers.
Detailed Description
Protein loss rate test: the nutritional feed is stored in an environment with the temperature of 25 + -1 deg.C and the relative humidity of 60 + -5% for 6 months under sealed condition. The protein content of the nutritional feed before and after preservation is tested by referring to GB/T5009.5-1985 Kjeldahl method, and the testing instrument adopts a full-automatic Kjeldahl azotometer with the model number of ATN-300 provided by Shanghai Hongshan instruments and equipments Limited. The protein loss rate was ═ 1- (protein content after storage/protein content before storage) ] × 100%.
And (3) testing the corrosion resistance: the nutritional feed is placed in an environment with the temperature of 40 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85 +/-5 percent and is stored in an open environment, and the total number of staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) colonies and escherichia coli (ATYCC 25922) colonies are tested after 30 days, and the test is carried out according to GBT 4789.2-2008 food hygiene microbiological examination.
In the embodiment, the river snails are artificially cultured by the special culture professional cooperative society of Shennong's, Xinfeng county.
In the examples, the whelk is wild big whelk provided by Dandong Taihong food Co., Ltd, native Liaoning.
The snails in the embodiment are artificially bred white jade snails provided by snail white jade snail breeding professional cooperative in the sound water.
In the embodiment, the chitosan is food-grade chitosan provided by Huaxing bioengineering Co.
Examples sodium sorbate, CAS number: 7757-81-5.
In the examples, galactomethylfumarate was synthesized according to the "research on the synthesis and antibacterial properties of galactomethylfumarate, a novel preservative", published by Zhangqing, Belliac, Lianghongdong and Zhouyijin.
In the examples, the synthesis of glucose methyl fumarate was carried out according to the study on phase transfer catalytic synthesis and bacteriostatic activity of 2 types of glucose fumarate published by Zhangqing, Zhou jin, jin feng and Liang Yan shop.
In the embodiment, the sodium alginate is food-grade sodium alginate provided by Wuhan Baixing biological science and technology limited.
Calcium chloride in the examples, CAS No.: 10043-52-4.
Examples sodium hydroxide, CAS number: 1310-73-2.
Example 1
The firefly green breeding process comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching eggs: thoroughly drying and disinfecting loam, placing scattered eggs in small pits on the loam, covering the pits with disinfected wet gauze or toilet paper, wherein the loam is required to keep about 15% of humidity all the time, a plurality of isolation spaces are formed in the loam, isolating the eggs respectively, placing the eggs, an incubation device, a substrate and the like in a room to incubate in a natural state, and transferring larvae into a culture box after incubation is finished;
s2, cultivation in a larval stage: putting the nutrient feed on a filter paper sheet or other small-sized instruments, placing the nutrient feed in a dry place above the water surface, allowing the larvae to take food at fixed points, throwing away the filter paper sheet after taking food, and cleaning the instruments such as a culture dish to avoid causing pollution or mildew and infection;
s3, management of pupal stage: when the Luciola gigas grows to the old and mature larvae, a pupation place is built in the region outside the larvae inhabiting objects in the breeding box, and the specific building process is as follows: the sterilized viscous soil with the thickness of about 2-4cm is laid at the bottom of a box, water is added to the viscous soil to adjust the viscous soil to have the water content of about 20-40%, and various stones such as cobblestones and the like are randomly placed on the viscous soil to enable aged larvae to pupate on the stones.
The preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis bovis Seu Bubali powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarse pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized river snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed river snail meat at a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 5h to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat powder;
(4) taking 60 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 30 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 10 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.01 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.7 part by weight of modified chitosan and 0.02 part by weight of galactomethyl fumarate, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions/minute, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave sterilization for 2min at the microwave power of 600W and the microwave frequency of 2450MHz to obtain the nutritional feed.
The preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.001mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1.5%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; mixing a chitosan solution and a sodium alginate solution according to a mass ratio of 11: 1 stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, then adding a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, wherein the adding amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 60% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using a 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing the mixture for 24h after solid floccules appear, filtering the mixture by using a 300-mesh filter cloth, and drying the mixture for 36h at the temperature of 38 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
Example 2
The firefly green breeding process comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching eggs: thoroughly drying and disinfecting loam, placing scattered eggs in small pits on the loam, covering the pits with disinfected wet gauze or toilet paper, wherein the loam is required to keep about 15% of humidity all the time, a plurality of isolation spaces are formed in the loam, isolating the eggs respectively, placing the eggs, an incubation device, a substrate and the like in a room to incubate in a natural state, and transferring larvae into a culture box after incubation is finished;
s2, cultivation in a larval stage: putting the nutrient feed on a filter paper sheet or other small-sized instruments, placing the nutrient feed in a dry place above the water surface, allowing the larvae to take food at fixed points, throwing away the filter paper sheet after taking food, and cleaning the instruments such as a culture dish to avoid causing pollution or mildew and infection;
s3, management of pupal stage: when the Luciola gigas grows to the old and mature larvae, a pupation place is built in the region outside the larvae inhabiting objects in the breeding box, and the specific building process is as follows: the sterilized viscous soil with the thickness of about 2-4cm is laid at the bottom of a box, water is added to the viscous soil to adjust the viscous soil to have the water content of about 20-40%, and various stones such as cobblestones and the like are randomly placed on the viscous soil to enable aged larvae to pupate on the stones.
The preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis bovis Seu Bubali powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarse pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized river snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed river snail meat at a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 5h to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat powder;
(4) taking 60 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 30 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 10 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.01 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.7 part by weight of chitosan and 0.02 part by weight of galactomethyl fumarate, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions/minute, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave sterilization for 2min at the microwave power of 600W and the microwave frequency of 2450MHz to obtain the nutritional feed.
Example 3
The firefly green breeding process comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching eggs: thoroughly drying and disinfecting loam, placing scattered eggs in small pits on the loam, covering the pits with disinfected wet gauze or toilet paper, wherein the loam is required to keep about 15% of humidity all the time, a plurality of isolation spaces are formed in the loam, isolating the eggs respectively, placing the eggs, an incubation device, a substrate and the like in a room to incubate in a natural state, and transferring larvae into a culture box after incubation is finished;
s2, cultivation in a larval stage: putting the nutrient feed on a filter paper sheet or other small-sized instruments, placing the nutrient feed in a dry place above the water surface, allowing the larvae to take food at fixed points, throwing away the filter paper sheet after taking food, and cleaning the instruments such as a culture dish to avoid causing pollution or mildew and infection;
s3, management of pupal stage: when the Luciola gigas grows to the old and mature larvae, a pupation place is built in the region outside the larvae inhabiting objects in the breeding box, and the specific building process is as follows: the sterilized viscous soil with the thickness of about 2-4cm is laid at the bottom of a box, water is added to the viscous soil to adjust the viscous soil to have the water content of about 20-40%, and various stones such as cobblestones and the like are randomly placed on the viscous soil to enable aged larvae to pupate on the stones.
The preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis bovis Seu Bubali powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarse pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized river snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed river snail meat at a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 5h to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat powder;
(4) taking 60 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 30 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 10 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.01 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.7 part by weight of modified chitosan and 0.02 part by weight of methyl glucose fumarate, stirring at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute for 10min, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave sterilization at the microwave power of 600W and the microwave frequency of 2450MHz for 2min to obtain the nutritional feed.
The preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.001mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1.5%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; mixing a chitosan solution and a sodium alginate solution according to a mass ratio of 11: 1 stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, then adding a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, wherein the adding amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 60% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using a 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing the mixture for 24h after solid floccules appear, filtering the mixture by using a 300-mesh filter cloth, and drying the mixture for 36h at the temperature of 38 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
Example 4
The firefly green breeding process comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching eggs: thoroughly drying and disinfecting loam, placing scattered eggs in small pits on the loam, covering the pits with disinfected wet gauze or toilet paper, wherein the loam is required to keep about 15% of humidity all the time, a plurality of isolation spaces are formed in the loam, isolating the eggs respectively, placing the eggs, an incubation device, a substrate and the like in a room to incubate in a natural state, and transferring larvae into a culture box after incubation is finished;
s2, cultivation in a larval stage: putting the nutrient feed on a filter paper sheet or other small-sized instruments, placing the nutrient feed in a dry place above the water surface, allowing the larvae to take food at fixed points, throwing away the filter paper sheet after taking food, and cleaning the instruments such as a culture dish to avoid causing pollution or mildew and infection;
s3, management of pupal stage: when the Luciola gigas grows to the old and mature larvae, a pupation place is built in the region outside the larvae inhabiting objects in the breeding box, and the specific building process is as follows: the sterilized viscous soil with the thickness of about 2-4cm is laid at the bottom of a box, water is added to the viscous soil to adjust the viscous soil to have the water content of about 20-40%, and various stones such as cobblestones and the like are randomly placed on the viscous soil to enable aged larvae to pupate on the stones.
The preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis bovis Seu Bubali powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarse pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized river snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed river snail meat at a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 5h to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat powder;
(4) taking 60 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 30 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 10 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.01 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.7 part by weight of modified chitosan, 0.016 part by weight of galacto-methyl fumarate and 0.004 part by weight of glucose-methyl fumarate, stirring at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute for 10min, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave sterilization at the microwave power of 600W and the microwave frequency of 2450MHz for 2min to obtain the nutritional feed. The nutritional feed is subjected to protein loss rate and corrosion resistance tests, and the test result is as follows: the protein loss rate was 0.93%, and the total number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies was 2.7X 102cfu/g, Escherichia coli colonyThe total number is 5.4 × 102cfu/g。
The preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.001mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1.5%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; mixing a chitosan solution and a sodium alginate solution according to a mass ratio of 11: 1 stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, then adding a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, wherein the adding amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 60% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using a 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing the mixture for 24h after solid floccules appear, filtering the mixture by using a 300-mesh filter cloth, and drying the mixture for 36h at the temperature of 38 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
Test example 1
The nutritional feed is subjected to protein loss rate and corrosion resistance tests, and specific results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: test result table
The embodiment 1 of the invention greatly improves the quality of the nutritional feed by modifying the chitosan, and the reason is probably that the antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects of the modified chitosan are improved.
Claims (4)
1. A firefly green breeding process comprises the steps of hatching eggs, breeding in a larval stage and managing in a pupal stage, and is characterized in that the larval stage breeding is fed with nutritional feed;
the preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed snail meat to obtain snail meat powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely ground river snail meat, then grinding and sieving with a 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely ground river snail meat; vacuum drying the ground river snail meat to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 1-5 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized sea snail meat, pulverizing, and sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized sea snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed conch meat to obtain conch meat powder;
(4) uniformly mixing 55-65 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 25-35 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 5-15 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.005-0.02 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.2-0.9 part by weight of modified chitosan and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of preservative, and sterilizing to obtain the feed additive;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.0005-0.0015mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1-2%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1-3%; mixing chitosan solution and sodium alginate solution according to the mass ratio of (9-13): 1 stirring at the rotation speed of 200-40 ℃ for 5-15min, uniformly mixing, then adding 1-2% of calcium chloride aqueous solution, wherein the addition amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 50-70% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring at the rotation speed of 200-500 ℃ for 5-15min, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using 0.005-0.015mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing for 12-36h after a solid floccule appears, filtering, and drying at 35-40 ℃ for 30-40h to obtain the modified chitosan;
the preservative consists of 75-85 wt% of galactose methyl fumarate and 15-25 wt% of glucose methyl fumarate.
2. The firefly green breeding process of claim 1, wherein: the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is 0.05-0.15MPa, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 3-7 h.
3. The firefly green breeding process of claim 1, wherein: the sterilization is microwave sterilization or ultraviolet sterilization.
4. The firefly green breeding process of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, hatching eggs: thoroughly drying and disinfecting loam, putting scattered eggs in small pits on the loam, covering the pits with disinfected wet gauze or toilet paper, requiring that the loam always keeps 15% of humidity, providing isolation spaces on the loam, respectively isolating the eggs, putting the eggs, an incubation device and a substrate in a room for incubation in a natural state, and transferring larvae into a culture box after incubation is finished;
s2, cultivation in a larval stage: putting the nutrient feed on a filter paper sheet or other small-sized appliances, placing the nutrient feed in a dry place above the water surface, allowing the larvae to take food at fixed points, throwing away the filter paper sheet after taking food, and cleaning the appliances so as to avoid pollution;
s3, management of pupal stage: when the Luciola gigas grows to the old and mature larvae, a pupation place is built in the region outside the larvae inhabiting objects in the breeding box, and the specific building process is as follows: spreading the sterilized viscous soil with thickness of 2-4cm at the bottom of the box, adding water to adjust water content to 20-40%, and randomly placing some cobblestones on the soil for aged larvae to pupate on the stone;
the preparation method of the nutritional feed comprises the following steps:
(1) removing shell of snail, washing snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized snail meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis bovis Seu Bubali powder;
(2) removing shell of river snail, washing river snail meat with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarse pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized river snail meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized river snail meat; vacuum drying the finely crushed river snail meat at a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and a temperature of 50 ℃ for 5h to obtain river snail meat powder;
(3) removing shell of Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae, cleaning Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae with water, removing silt, standing for 20min, air drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 2 mesh sieve to obtain coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the coarsely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat; vacuum drying the finely pulverized Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat at 50 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 5 hr to obtain Carnis Rapanae Thomasianae meat powder;
(4) taking 60 parts by weight of snail meat powder, 30 parts by weight of viviparidae meat powder, 10 parts by weight of conch meat powder, 0.01 part by weight of sodium sorbate, 0.7 part by weight of modified chitosan, 0.016 part by weight of galacto-methyl fumarate and 0.004 part by weight of glucose-methyl fumarate, stirring at the rotating speed of 150 revolutions per minute for 10min, uniformly mixing, and performing microwave sterilization at the microwave power of 600W and the microwave frequency of 2450MHz for 2min to obtain the nutritional feed;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan in dilute hydrochloric acid with the molar concentration of 0.001mol/L to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 1.5%, and dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; mixing a chitosan solution and a sodium alginate solution according to a mass ratio of 11: 1 stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, then adding a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, wherein the adding amount of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 60% of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring the mixture for 10min at the rotating speed of 300 r/min for uniform mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using a 0.01mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing the mixture for 24h after solid floccules appear, filtering the mixture by using a 300-mesh filter cloth, and drying the mixture for 36h at the temperature of 38 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
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