CN115843646A - Cultivation method of double-petal hippeastrum rutilum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of double-petal hippeastrum, which takes the fugu hippeastrum as a female parent, carries out artificial hybridization pollination on fresh pollen of male parent cherry Nifuhippeastrum, carries out steps such as germination of seeds to obtain hybrid seedlings, and carries out lateral bud division propagation on the hybrid seedlings to obtain good strains with stable flower color and petal, thus obtaining the double-petal hippeastrum with stable shape, good flowering habit, long flowering phase (3-4 months of flowering phase), fast scape, capability of producing 3 seed balls annually, stable character, excellent disease resistance and stress resistance, low disease incidence rate, and 2% of epidemic disease incidence rate and anthracnose incidence rate; can resist high temperature of more than 35 ℃ and low temperature of 5 ℃, and has stronger waterlogging tolerance and drought tolerance.

Description

Cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hippeastrum rutilum cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of heavy-petal hippeastrum rutilum.

Background

The hippeastrum rutilum is also called the flower of the lonely flower, is a perennial bulbous flower of the lonely flower of the Amaryllidaceae, has the characteristics of large flower, bright color, long flowering period and the like, is cultivated in all parts of China, and is particularly suitable for being sold as the flower of the rice night. The flowers and leaves of the hippeastrum has higher ornamental value, the common variety is mostly single-petal, the variety of the double-petal hippeastrum developed abroad in recent years continuously enters the domestic market, and the potted flower products are sold in a small amount. The heavy petal hippeastrum has higher ornamental value due to more petals, plump and novel flower types, and the selling price of the potted flower is higher than that of a single petal variety by more than 50 percent. However, the number of heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties in the domestic market is small, the price of the heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties introduced abroad is high, the number of the heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties is small, and the market demand is difficult to meet, so that the cultivation of more heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties has important significance in meeting the domestic market demand. And most of the annual output of the currently cultivated heavy valve hippeastrum has 1, and some of the heavy valve hippeastrum has poor disease resistance and stress resistance.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, based on the background, the invention develops a cultivation method of the double-petal hippeastrum by utilizing hippeastrum hybridization, and the cultivated double-petal hippeastrum has good flowering habit, long flowering phase and firm scape, can produce a plurality of seedballs every year, has stable shape and excellent disease resistance and stress resistance.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum comprises the following steps:

1) In 3 months of the year, taking Funv hippeastrum as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybrid pollination on fresh pollen of the male parent cherry Nifu hippeastrum, taking mature fruits when the pollen is pollinated for 30 days, and taking out seeds;

2) Sowing seeds in a matrix, keeping the matrix wet, and waiting for the seeds to germinate;

3) In 5 months in the year, the seeds germinate to obtain hybrid seedlings; transplanting the hybrid seedlings with 4 leaves to a greenhouse for cultivation in 9 months in the year, and managing water, fertilizer and pesticide; until the hybrid Miao Di flowers once;

4) After the next year of one-time flowering of the hybridized Miao Di, selecting a good strain with stable flower color and petal, and performing lateral bud division propagation to obtain the seedling.

Preferably, the substrate adopted for sowing the seeds in the step 2) is made of peat, coconut coir and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 2.

Preferably, the substrate used in the transplanting in the step 3) is made of peat, coconut coir and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 3.

Preferably, the greenhouse cultivation temperature in the step 3) is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.

Preferably, the water, fertilizer and pesticide management in step 3):

spraying 4000-5000 times of water-soluble balanced fertilizer and universal fertilizer every week during seedling period;

in the growth period of medium and large seedlings, except that organic carbon fertilizer and 2000-3000 times of general fertilizer are sprayed or irrigated to roots every half month, slow release fertilizer for keeping fertilizer for 180 days is applied to each pot;

and spraying 2000-3000 times of the general fertilizer every half month 3-4 months before the flowering period.

Preferably, the water, fertilizer and pesticide management further comprises:

2000-3000 times of 35% carbendazim wettable powder and 5000-7000 times of 50% manganese clavulanate wettable powder are sprayed alternately every 10-15 days.

Further, 3 seedballs of the cultivated heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum can be produced annually.

The beneficial effects which can be realized by adopting the invention are as follows:

the method adopts single-petal fuvjingzhitong as a female parent and double-petal cherry Ninefuzhugong as a male parent, and by hybridization combination, the cultivated double-petal fuzhugong has the advantages of good flowering habit, long flowering phase (the flowering phase is 3-4 months), strong scape, capability of producing 3 bulbs per year, stable properties, excellent disease resistance and stress resistance, low disease incidence rate, and epidemic disease incidence rate and anthracnose incidence rate of 2 percent; can resist high temperature of more than 35 ℃ and low temperature of 5 ℃, and has stronger waterlogging tolerance and drought tolerance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is female parent Fulvzhugong used in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a drawing of the male parent Janus Janfo hippeastrum employed in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum cultivated by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is the total flowering performance of control cherry Nifu hippeastrum of example 2

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are described below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment.

It is therefore intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention are disclosed in or are apparent from the following detailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1: a cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum comprises the following steps:

1) In 3 months of the year, taking Funv hippeastrum as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybrid pollination on fresh pollen of the male parent cherry Nifu hippeastrum, taking mature fruits when the pollen is pollinated for 30 days, and taking out seeds;

the female parent Funv Zhutophong in the embodiment is selected from 1 excellent single plant which has good growth potential and pure color in the scientific research experiment base of Bao Tree building village in Jinxing Xiang lake of Zhao An county, fujian province;

the male parent cherry Nifu Zhutopred is selected from 1 excellent single plant which has strong growth potential, pure flower color and round flower shape in scientific research experiment bases of Baoshu village in Jinxing county, xiang, zhaan, zhao, province, fujian province.

The cultivation operation is carried out in the scientific research experiment base of Baoshu village in Jinxing Xiang lake of Zhao' an county in Fujian province.

2) Sowing seeds in a matrix, keeping the matrix wet, and waiting for the seeds to germinate;

the matrix used in the step is prepared from peat, coconut husk and perlite, wherein the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut husk to the perlite is 3.

3) In 5 months of the year, hybrid seedlings are obtained after the seeds germinate; transplanting the hybrid seedlings with 4 leaves to a greenhouse for cultivation in 9 months in the year, and managing water, fertilizer and pesticide; until the hybridization Miao Di flowers for one time;

the matrix used for transplanting in the step is prepared from peat, coconut husk and perlite, wherein the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut husk to the perlite is 3.

The temperature of the greenhouse cultivation is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night;

in the step, water, fertilizer and pesticide management:

the watering frequency and dosage are determined according to the change of seasons, the condition of matrix and the growth and development conditions of hippeastrum, and the watering is a conventional operation.

Spraying 4000-5000 times of water-soluble balanced fertilizer green oolong ' (organic carbon fertilizer) and No. 1 general purpose fertilizer for flower with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 20-20) every week on the principle of ' thin fertilizer application frequently ' during seedling period;

in the growth period of medium and large seedlings, except that the 'green oolong' (organic carbon fertilizer) and No. 1 Huaduo general fertilizer are sprayed or irrigated to roots every half month, 2000-3000 times of liquid is used, and meanwhile, 10-15 grains of slow release fertilizer for 180 days of fertilizer conservation are put in each pot, wherein the fertilizer conservation is performed for 10-15 grains (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 14-12-14).

2000-3000 times of liquid of No. 2 fertilizer (10-30-20 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) is sprayed every half month 3-4 months before the flowering period.

Optionally (i.e. can omit) spraying:

alternately spraying 2000-3000 times of 35% carbendazim wettable powder and 5000-7000 times of 50% caragana wettable powder every 10-15 days.

4) After the next year of one-time flowering of the hybridized Miao Di, selecting a good strain with stable flower color and petal, and performing lateral bud division propagation to obtain the seedling.

The properties of the heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum cultivated by the invention are as follows (the hippeastrum rutilum cultivated by the invention is named as dragon hippeastrum rutilum):

the blooming period is 3-4 months, the single peppery flower period (day) can reach 21 days, the number of petals of the double petals is 15, the double peppery flower is one ball, 3 bulbs are produced in the year (1 bulb of common double petal hippeastrum red is produced in the year, the annual production of the bulbs like female parent Fugu hippeastrum red is 0, and 1 bulb of male parent Nifuhippeastrum red is produced in the year), the opening angle of the flower is obtuse, and the color of the petals is orange red;

the disease incidence is low, and the disease incidence of epidemic diseases and the disease incidence of anthracnose are 2 percent; can resist high temperature of more than 35 ℃ and low temperature of 5 ℃, and has stronger waterlogging tolerance and drought tolerance.

The heavy valve hippeastrum can be bred by seed sowing, lateral bud division and bulb cutting, the bulb disk is used for explant tissue culture and the like, and the matrix used for breeding is as follows:

the cluster bud induction culture medium is MS +6-BA 3.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L; the proliferation culture medium is MS +6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L; the rooting medium is 1/2MS + IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L.

The operation of the lateral bud division propagation in the step 4) of the invention is as follows:

the method can be used for planting the lateral buds in 9-10 months or 3-5 months, but the lateral buds in 9-10 months grow better.

Example 2: the character stability, consistency and specificity of the heavy valve hippeastrum

The present example experimentally:

an experiment base of red agriculture science and technology limited company and a scientific research experiment base of Baoshu village in Jinxing county, zhaan, of Fujian province are annotated by Fujian province;

control variety: cherry Nifu hippeastrum red;

data statistics were performed for 2 experimental cycles: cycle 1 is 2015-2016-4, and cycle 2 is 2016-2-2017-4.

100 plants are respectively planted at 2 places of an experiment base of red agriculture science and technology Limited company and a scientific research experiment base of Bao tree building in Jinxing county, zhaan, zhao, province as test materials, the two bases are cultivated by rain-proof facilities, a single-layer shading net is adopted, the illumination is 50-75%, and when 50% of flowers are respectively opened in the plants at the two places, 30 plants are randomly extracted for character investigation.

Fujian notes red agricultural science and technology Limited company experimental base: adopts a plastic greenhouse and a single-layer shading net, the illuminance is 50-75%, the temperature is 5-35 ℃, and the humidity is 70-85%.

A scientific research experiment base of Baoshu village in Jinxing county, zhaan county, fujian province adopts a plastic greenhouse, a single-layer shading net is adopted, the illumination is 50-75%, the temperature is 5-35 ℃, and the humidity is 70-85%.

And (3) comparing and analyzing experimental results:

2 years 2 o' clock experiment:

by adopting lateral bud division, the flower buds are extracted from late 2 to late 3 months of the seedling of the heavy-petal hippeastrum (Tenglong Zhu-Red), the full bloom period is from 3 to next 4 months, the average single pepperweed flowering period of the Teng Zhu-Red is 21 days, the contrast variety of cherry Nifuding is 22 days, and no significant difference exists.

And (3) ball planting:

the seed balls of Tenglong hippeastrum are planted for 10 days from the planting to the flower bud and 15 days from the leaf bud, the seed balls of the reference variety of cherry Nile hippeastrum are planted for 14 days from the planting to the flower bud and 20 days from the leaf bud, and the differences are very obvious.

And (3) seed ball: the diameter of the seed ball of the Tenglong hippeastrum is 8.0 cm, and the diameter of the seed ball of the cherry Nifu hippeastrum is 7.5 cm, so the obvious difference is achieved. The Tenglong hippeastrum can bear 3 subspheres in 1 year of planting, and only bears 1 subsphere in 1 year of planting in contrast to the cherry Nile hippeastrum, and has extremely obvious difference.

And (3) flower: the 'Tenglong hippeastrum' and the 'cherry Nile Fuzhuyu' single-branch scape have 4 flowers which bloom successively. The diameter of the 'Tenglong hippeastrum' flower is 16.0 cm, the diameter of the 'cherry Nifu hippeastrum' flower is 15.0 cm, and is 6.7 percent larger than that of the 'cherry Nifu hippeastrum' flower, and the 'Tenglong hippeastrum' flower has obvious difference.

The 'tenglong hippeastrum' flower is 11.0 cm long, the flower of the control variety is 10.0 cm long, and the length is 10.0% longer than that of the control variety, so that the obvious difference exists.

The field morbidity of epidemic disease and anthracnose of Tenglong Zhu Ding hong is lower than that of a control variety, and the disease resistance and the stress resistance are stronger;

the invention relates to a double-petal hippeastrum herb (Tenglong hippeastrum herb) which belongs to a new variety of double-purpose hippeastrum herb cut flower and potted flower. Compared with a control variety of 'cherry Nifu hippeastrum red', the growth vigor of the plant is stronger, the plant type is more compact, the number of seed balls produced every year is more, the seed ball is larger, the scape is firmer, the flower is larger, the flower color is more red, and the plant is more suitable for being used as cut flowers.

It is also suitable for planting in southern Fujian and Guangdong areas.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

Claims (7)

1. The cultivation method of the heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) In 3 months of the year, taking Funv hippeastrum as a female parent, carrying out artificial hybrid pollination on fresh pollen of the male parent cherry Nifu hippeastrum, taking mature fruits when the pollen is pollinated for 30 days, and taking out seeds;

2) Sowing seeds in a matrix, keeping the matrix wet, and waiting for the seeds to germinate;

3) In 5 months of the year, hybrid seedlings are obtained after the seeds germinate; transplanting the hybrid seedlings with 4 leaves to a greenhouse for cultivation in 9 months in the year, and managing water, fertilizer and pesticide; until the hybrid Miao Di flowers once;

4) After the hybridization Miao Di blooms for the next year, selecting a good strain with stable flower color and petal, and performing lateral bud division propagation to obtain the seedling.

2. The cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate used for sowing seeds in step 2) is made of peat, coconut coir and perlite, and the volume ratio of peat, coconut coir and perlite is 2.

3. The cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium used in the step 3) is made of peat, coconut coir and perlite, and the volume ratio of peat, coconut coir and perlite is 3.

4. The cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum japonicum according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse cultivation temperature in step 3) is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.

5. A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the water, fertilizer and medicine management in step 3):

spraying 4000-5000 times of water-soluble balanced fertilizer and universal fertilizer every week during seedling period;

in the growth period of medium and large seedlings, except that organic carbon fertilizer and 2000-3000 times of general fertilizer are sprayed or irrigated to roots every half month, slow release fertilizer for keeping fertilizer for 180 days is applied to each pot;

and spraying 2000-3000 times of the general fertilizer every half month 3-4 months before the flowering period.

6. A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum as claimed in claim 5, wherein the management of water, fertilizer and medicine further comprises:

2000-3000 times of 35% carbendazim wettable powder and 5000-7000 times of 50% manganese clavulanate wettable powder are sprayed alternately every 10-15 days.

7. The cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cultivated heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum can produce 3 seed balls per year.

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