CN115720823A - Method for pruning and branching hot pepper in greenhouse planting manner in open center - Google Patents
Method for pruning and branching hot pepper in greenhouse planting manner in open center Download PDFInfo
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- CN115720823A CN115720823A CN202211614212.XA CN202211614212A CN115720823A CN 115720823 A CN115720823 A CN 115720823A CN 202211614212 A CN202211614212 A CN 202211614212A CN 115720823 A CN115720823 A CN 115720823A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, and discloses an open-center-shaped pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers. The funnel-shaped fixing support is adopted, main branches, secondary branches and tertiary branches (fruiting branch groups) are respectively selected and reserved for the hot peppers in different growth periods, and branches and leaves such as other side branches and overlapped branches disturbing the tree body structure are picked (wiped) to remove, so that the defects that the existing hot pepper tree is unclear in spatial structure level, disordered in branch and leaf distribution, prone to lodging in the early growth period, prone to premature senility in the later period and low in yield and commodity rate are overcome, the hot pepper tree is clear in structural level, uniform in branch and leaf spatial distribution, good in internal ventilation effect, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and the commodity quality of the hot peppers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to an open-center pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers.
Background
The hot pepper is one of the bulk vegetables in China, and has large industrial scale and long industrial chain. The pepper variety is various, the pepper planting mode is divided into open field cultivation and greenhouse facility cultivation, pruning and branching are important links in the pepper planting process, and the pepper yield, quality and planting benefit are directly influenced. At present, the common greenhouse-cultivated pepper planting pruning and branching method in production is in a multi-purpose mode of hanging tendrils or surrounding tendrils.
2-3 secondary or tertiary branches of the peppers are hung on an iron (steel) wire mesh at the height of 1.8 m in the greenhouse in a hanging vine manner, each upright post is longitudinally and transversely hung and pulled with one iron (steel) wire respectively, and the pepper is fixed by plastic ropes to be uniformly distributed in angle and space by means of iron (steel) wire load. The disadvantages of this approach are: firstly, vine binding procedures are complex, and comprise rope hanging, branch and vine winding and binding, rope moving and angle setting, subsequent rope position adjustment and the like; secondly, labor is wasted, the labor is wasted more along with the fact that the pepper needs to be wound and bound for multiple times when growing continuously, the investment is about 4-5 days and 600-700 yuan per mu, the rope cost is 230 yuan per mu, and the total cost is 830-930 yuan; thirdly, the difficulty of recovering the materials is high, the plastic ropes are easy to age, break and be difficult to recover in the greenhouse, and the risk of pollution to soil is high.
The vine-enclosing type fences are erected at two sides of the planting ridge respectively. The fence is composed of two rows of bamboo pins (or wood pins) as pillars (the distance between every two pillars is 0.8-1.0 m) and 2-3 transverse plastic ropes tied on the pillars, the fence is formed on two sides of the pepper tree, and branches and leaves of the pepper tree are clamped by the ropes on the two sides to prevent lodging. The disadvantages of this approach are: firstly, the shaping effect is poor. The tendrils are only fixed by ropes on two sides and can be prevented from lodging by abutting against two sides of the ropes, but the tendrils can still fall when the tendrils cannot be fixed in the vertical direction, and even new branches She Sheduan are caused if the tendrils on the second path and the third path are not tied in time. The tree body forms of the pepper trees with unclear structural levels, uneven distribution of branches and leaves and more drooping branches are formed; secondly, the negative effect is large. The tendril-surrounding type shape is fixed by the included angle of the rope, so that the branches and leaves in the rope clip are overlapped, the ventilation in the inner cavity is poor, the normal and natural growth of pepper fruits is influenced, the fruit deformity is caused, the commodity rate is low, the pesticide application is not thorough, diseases and insect pests are easy to occur, and the yield is easy to reduce; thirdly, the production cost is high. The method needs to pull 2-3 lines of circumferential ropes to be thrown into the pepper for 2-3 days and 300-400 yuan per mu along with the upward growth of the pepper, 2000 bamboo sticks (or wood sticks) are needed per mu, the cost is 0.5 yuan/root, 3 years of depreciation and 330 yuan per mu, the rope cost is 100 yuan per mu, and the total cost is 730-830 yuan per mu; fourthly, the difficulty of recovering the materials is high, the plastic ropes are easy to age, break and be difficult to recover in the greenhouse, and the pollution risk to the soil is high.
Therefore, an open-center pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems of unclear tree structure hierarchy, disordered branch and leaf distribution, easy lodging in the early growth stage, easy premature senility in the later period, easy premature senility of hot pepper, difficult control of plant diseases and insect pests, low commodity rate and the like of the existing hot pepper planting in the prior art, and provides the open-core type pruning and branching method for hot pepper greenhouse planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for pruning and branching hot pepper in greenhouse planting of open core type comprises the following working steps:
the first step is as follows: each pepper is provided with a funnel-shaped fixed support, and during pepper seedling period, water control and fertilizer supplement are paid attention to, illumination is gradually increased, root growth is promoted, and a thick and strong trunk is cultivated; performing field planting in a single-row or double-row staggered manner, selecting and reserving only one thick and strong upright branch as a main stem cultivation branch when the pepper seedlings are transplanted for 15 to 20 days and the plant height does not reach 15 to 20cm, completely thinning out the rest lateral branches growing below 20cm of the main stem, and erecting a prefabricated support beside each pepper seedling;
the second step: when pepper seedlings grow to about 25cm, when more than 2 secondary branches are arranged on the upper part of a main trunk and the length reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 2 branches which are strong and have uniform branch angles as main branches (secondary branches) for culturing, and if no lateral branch (tertiary branch) is germinated on the upper part (18-20 cm) of the main trunk, pinching treatment is carried out at the position of 20cm of the main trunk to promote lateral branch germination;
the third step: when the length of the third-level branches of the pepper seedlings reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 2 strong third-level branches with uniform branch angles as bearing branch group back-up skeletal branches, completely erasing other weak lateral branches (including the third-level branches, the main branches and the lateral branches on the main branches), and drawing all branches into a funnel-shaped fixed support;
the fourth step: binding upright branches far away from the inner edge of the support after the pepper sprouts into four-level branches, partially erasing the thin and weak side branches which are overlapped in the frame and the gate pepper, and shaping an open heart type tree-shaped basic framework;
the fifth step: after the pepper seedlings start to fruit, paying attention to selecting and reserving 3 side branches with strong peripheral growth vigor and uniform distribution as branch group extension branches for cultivation, and performing flower picking or fruit picking treatment, and reserving 3 pieces of She Zhaixin for the rest side branches with stable fruits;
and a sixth step: and (3) thinning and removing thin and weak lateral branches and middle and lower yellowing blades which are crossed and overlapped in an inner chamber at the later stage of the pepper seedling fruiting, and keeping the ventilation and light transmission inside the open-heart-shaped tree structure of the pepper.
Preferably, the included angle of the funnel-shaped fixed support can be adjusted between 25 degrees and 45 degrees according to actual needs.
Preferably, the funnel-shaped fixing bracket is made of glass fiber materials.
Preferably, the surface of the funnel-shaped fixed support is sprayed with silver paint or wrapped with a silver film, the included angle in the support can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the support is used for fixing the pepper tree type and repelling pests such as aphids and the like by relying on pepper branches and tendrils.
Preferably, the row spacing of the single row is 60cm, the row spacing of the double row is 60cm and the plant spacing is 50cm.
Preferably, the funnel-shaped fixing support comprises a stand column, 4 support rod connection assemblies, 2 transverse surrounding rods and 8 buckle components, the diameter of a trunk at the lower end of the fixing support is 1-1.5 cm, the length of the trunk is 40 cm, the diameter of each transverse surrounding rod is 0.3 cm, and the length of each transverse surrounding rod is 80 cm and 120 cm respectively.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
preferably, the funnel-shaped fixing bracket is an A-shaped fixing bracket, and the diameter of the uppermost transverse fence of the A-shaped fixing bracket is 50cm.
Preferably, the 'funnel' -shaped fixing bracket is a B-shaped fixing bracket, and the diameter of the uppermost transverse fence is 60cm.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an open-center pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of hot peppers. The method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The open-center-type pruning and branching method for hot pepper greenhouse planting has a good open-center-type pruning and branching shaping effect. The funnel-shaped fixed support is adopted, main branches, secondary branches and tertiary branches are respectively selected and reserved in different growth periods of the pepper, branches and leaves such as lateral branches and overlapped branches disturbing the tree body structure are picked (wiped) and removed, and the defects that the existing pepper tree is unclear in spatial structure level, disordered in branch and leaf distribution, prone to lodging in the early growth period, prone to premature senility in the later period and low in yield and commodity rate are overcome, so that the pepper tree is clear in structural level, uniform in branch and leaf spatial distribution, good in internal ventilation effect, capable of reducing plant diseases and insect pests and capable of improving pepper commodity quality.
(2) The heart-shaped pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of the peppers is light and simple. The funnel-shaped fixing support is adopted, only the support needs to be erected at one time, the branch group is led into the support, the complicated tendril tying is not needed, and the operation is simple. Meanwhile, the branches cannot be broken unintentionally due to the support of the bracket, and the pruning, branching and fruit picking operations are convenient.
(3) The open-center-type pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers saves cost. The manufacturing cost of the funnel-shaped fixing bracket is about 1.2 yuan/1300 x 1300 yuan/mu =1320 yuan, and the material investment per mu is 610 yuan per year according to the depreciation of 2 years; the labor is put into each mu for about 1 to 2 days and 100 to 200 yuan; the pruning and branching cost is about 700-800 yuan per mu, which saves 50-100 yuan per mu compared with the vine enclosing type and 100-200 yuan per mu compared with the vine hanging type.
(4) The open-center type pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of the peppers is beneficial to ecological environment protection. The funnel-shaped fixing support is made of glass fiber materials, is not easy to break and deform, is easy to recover, and does not form a pollution risk to environments such as garden soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a pepper tree formed by the pruning and branching method of the A-type fixed bracket of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a pepper tree formed by the B-type fixed bracket pruning and branching method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hot pepper of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a type A mounting bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a B-shaped fixing bracket according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example (b): an open center type pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1-3, each pepper is provided with a funnel type fixing bracket; the funnel-shaped fixed support is processed by a glass fiber material, the surface of a support structure material is sprayed with silver paint or bound with a silver film, the included angle in the support can be adjusted between 25 degrees and 45 degrees according to actual needs, and the support is used for fixing pepper tree types and repelling pests such as aphids;
during the period of pepper seedlings, attention is paid to water control and fertilizer supplement, and illumination is gradually increased, so that the growth of root systems is promoted, and thick and strong trunks are cultivated; carrying out staggered field planting according to a single-ridge single row (the plant spacing is 60 cm) or double rows (the row spacing is 60cm and the plant spacing is 50 cm) in a matched manner; selecting only one thick and strong upright branch as a main trunk cultivation branch when the plant height does not reach 15-20 cm after the pepper seedlings are transplanted for 15-20 days, completely removing the rest lateral branches growing below 20cm of the main trunk, and vertically prefabricating a fixed support beside each pepper seedling;
when pepper seedlings grow to about 25cm, when more than 2 secondary branches are arranged on the upper part of a main trunk and the length reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 2 branches which are strong and have uniform branch angles as main branches (secondary branches) for culturing, and if no lateral branch (third-stage branch) sprouts at the position 18-20 cm away from the upper part of the main branch, pinching the main branch at the position 20cm away from the main branch to promote lateral branch germination;
when the length of the third-level branches of the pepper seedlings reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 3 strong third-level branches with uniform branch angles as backbone lateral branches for cultivation, completely erasing other weak lateral branches (including the third-level branches and the lateral branches on the backbone and the main branches), and drawing all branches and tendrils into a funnel-shaped fixed support;
binding upright branches far away from the inner edge of the support after the pepper sprouts into four-level branches, selecting 1 of the four-level branches growing vigorously from the skeleton branches of the fruiting branch group as backbone extension branches of the fruiting branch group, leaving 3 leaf pinching cores for the rest of the fruiting branches, erasing the thin and weak side branches which are overlapped in the frame and are crossed with the zanthoxylum piperitum, and shaping an open-heart tree-shaped basic framework;
after pepper seedlings begin to fruit, paying attention to selecting and reserving 3 side branches with strong peripheral growth vigor and uniform distribution as branch group extension branches for cultivation, picking flowers or picking fruits, and reserving 3 pieces of She Zhaixin for the side branches with stable other results;
and (3) thinning and removing thin and weak lateral branches and yellowing blades at the middle and lower parts which are crossed and overlapped in an inner cavity at the later stage of pepper seedling fruiting, and keeping an open-heart-shaped pepper tree structure with ventilated and transparent inner part.
The funnel-shaped fixing support is formed by processing a glass fiber material, the material is heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant and long in service life, is easy to recover and beneficial to environmental protection, can be repeatedly used for 3 years, and is low in use cost.
The surface of the funnel-shaped fixed support is sprayed with silver paint or wrapped with a silver film, the included angle in the support can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the support is used for fixing the pepper tree type and repelling pests such as aphids and the like by relying on pepper branches and tendrils.
The funnel-shaped fixed support consists of upright posts, 4 support rod connected assemblies, 2 transverse surrounding rods and 8 buckle components, wherein the trunk at the lower end of the fixed support is 1-1.5 cm in diameter and 40 cm in length, and the transverse surrounding rods are 0.3 cm in diameter and 80-120 cm in length respectively.
The funnel-shaped fixing support is an A-shaped fixing support, the diameter of a transverse fence at the uppermost part of the A-shaped fixing support is 50cm, and the funnel-shaped fixing support is suitable for infinite-growth-type varieties such as screw peppers and wire peppers.
The funnel-shaped fixing support is a B-shaped fixing support, the diameter of the transverse fence at the uppermost part is 60cm, and the funnel-shaped fixing support is suitable for limited growth type varieties such as pod peppers, starry sky stars and the like.
The method is characterized in that the stout pepper seedling main stems are cultured by technical measures of water control, fertilizer supplement, seedling hardening and the like in the seedling stage, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent creation of 18-20 cm high-position main stems.
The 'open-center' type pruning, branching and shaping effect is good. The funnel-shaped fixing support is adopted, main branches, secondary branches and tertiary branches (fruiting branch groups) of the pepper are respectively selected and retained in different growth periods of the pepper, and branches and leaves such as other side branches and overlapped branches disturbing the tree body structure are picked (wiped) to overcome the defects that the existing pepper tree is unclear in spatial structure hierarchy, disordered in branch and leaf distribution, prone to lodging in the early growth period, prone to premature senility in the later period, low in yield and commodity rate, so that the pepper tree is clear in structural hierarchy, uniform in branch and leaf spatial distribution, good in internal ventilation effect, capable of reducing plant diseases and insect pests and capable of improving pepper commodity quality;
the open-core type pruning and branching work is light and simple. The funnel-shaped fixing support is adopted, only the support needs to be erected at one time, the branch group is led into the support, the complicated tendril tying is not needed, and the operation is simple. Meanwhile, the branches cannot be broken unintentionally due to the support of the bracket, and the pruning, branching and fruit picking operations are convenient.
The 'open core' type pruning and branching saves cost. The manufacturing cost of the funnel-shaped fixing bracket is about 1.2 yuan/1300 x 1300/mu =1320 yuan, the material is reduced according to 2 years, and 610 yuan is put into each mu of material every year; the labor is put into each mu for about 1 to 2 days and 100 to 200 yuan; the pruning and branching cost is about 700-800 yuan per mu, which saves 50-100 yuan per mu compared with the vine enclosing type and 100-200 yuan per mu compared with the vine hanging type.
The open-core type pruning and branching is beneficial to ecological environment protection. The funnel-shaped fixing support is made of glass fiber materials, is not easy to break and deform, is easy to recover, and does not form a pollution risk to environments such as garden soil.
As shown in figure 1, figure 1 is a pepper tree structure formed by a funnel-shaped fixed support (A-shaped) pruning and branching method. The structure is suitable for a pruning and branching method of infinite growth type pepper varieties. The inner included angle of the bracket is about 25 degrees, and the diameter of the upper supporting fence of the bracket is 50cm. The pepper bears fruit from the third branch, the fourth branch enters a growth and fruiting balance stage (the branches grow and bear fruit at the same time) until the later stage (the aging period), and the fruits are uniformly distributed on the upper, middle and lower parts of the tree structure all the time, thus showing a three-dimensional fruiting shape.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a structure of a pepper tree formed by a funnel-shaped fixed support (B-shaped) pruning and branching method. The structure is suitable for pruning branches of limited growth type pepper varieties such as pod peppers. The internal included angle of the bracket is about 30 degrees, and the diameter of the upper supporting fence of the bracket is 60cm. The fruiting period (later period) of the pepper is the plane fruiting at the upper part of the tree structure, and the fruits are uniformly distributed at the upper part of the bracket.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view of an a-shaped fixed support, and the structure is suitable for a pruning and branching method of an infinite growth type pepper variety. The structure of the method is as follows: 1 trunk-3 main branches (secondary branches) and 3 lateral branches (tertiary branches) are not limited to extend the bearing branch group. The non-structural branches below the third-level branches are erased, and the lateral branches above the third-level branches, which are not used as main branches for prolonged culture, are subjected to pinching to promote fruiting and strengthen fruits. Removing the crossed and overlapped branches and leaves of the non-bearing branches from the middle period to the later period, keeping the interior ventilated and light-transmitting and forming an open tree shape.
As shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a B-shaped fixed support, and the structure is suitable for a pruning and branching method of an infinite growing type pepper variety. The structure of the method is as follows: 1 trunk-3 main branches (secondary branches) -3 lateral branches (tertiary branches), without branch-trimming treatment. The non-structural branches below the three branches are removed, the branches above the three branches are allowed to grow, and the later tree shape is umbrella-shaped.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. An open-center pruning and branching method for hot pepper greenhouse planting is characterized in that: the method comprises the following working steps:
the first step is as follows: each pepper is provided with a funnel-shaped fixed support, and during pepper seedling period, water control and fertilizer supplement are paid attention to, illumination is gradually increased, root growth is promoted, and a thick and strong trunk is cultivated; performing field planting in a single-row or double-row staggered manner, selecting and reserving only one thick and strong upright branch as a main stem cultivation branch when the pepper seedlings are transplanted for 15 to 20 days and the plant height does not reach 15 to 20cm, completely thinning out the rest lateral branches growing below 20cm of the main stem, and erecting a prefabricated support beside each pepper seedling;
the second step: when pepper seedlings grow to about 25cm, when more than 2 secondary branches are arranged on the upper part of a main trunk and the length reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 2 branches which are strong and have uniform branch angles as main branches (secondary branches) for culturing, and if no lateral branch (tertiary branch) is germinated on the upper part (18-20 cm) of the main trunk, pinching treatment is carried out at the position of 20cm of the main trunk to promote lateral branch germination;
the third step: when the length of the third-level branches of the pepper seedlings reaches 3-5 cm, selecting and reserving 2 strong third-level branches with uniform branch angles as bearing branch group back-up skeletal branches, completely erasing other weak lateral branches (including the third-level branches, the main branches and the lateral branches on the main branches), and drawing all branches into a funnel-shaped fixed support;
the fourth step: binding the branch group which is upright and far away from the inner edge of the bracket after the pepper sprouts into the four-level branches, partially erasing the thin and weak branches which are overlapped in the cross way of the gate pepper and the bracket, and molding an open-heart tree-shaped basic framework;
the fifth step: after the pepper seedlings start to fruit, paying attention to selecting and reserving 3 side branches with strong peripheral growth vigor and uniform distribution as branch group extension branches for cultivation, and performing flower picking or fruit picking treatment, and reserving 3 pieces of She Zhaixin for the rest side branches with stable fruits;
and a sixth step: and (3) thinning and removing the thin and weak lateral branches and the yellowing leaves at the middle and lower parts which are crossed and overlapped in the inner chamber when the pepper seedlings start to bear fruit at the later stage, and keeping the ventilation and the light transmission in the open heart type tree structure of the pepper.
2. The opened-center-type pruning and branching method for greenhouse planting of peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the included angle of the funnel-shaped fixed support can be adjusted between 25 degrees and 45 degrees according to actual needs.
3. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the funnel-shaped fixing support is made of glass fiber materials.
4. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the funnel-shaped fixed support is sprayed with silver paint or wrapped with a silver film, an included angle in the support can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the support is used for fixing the pepper tree shape and repelling pests such as aphids and the like by depending on pepper branches and tendrils.
5. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the row spacing of the single row is 60cm, the row spacing of the double row is 60cm, and the row spacing is 50cm.
6. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the funnel-shaped fixed support is composed of upright posts, 4 support rod connected assemblies, 2 transverse surrounding rods and 8 buckle components, the trunk at the lower end of the fixed support is 1-1.5 cm in diameter and 40 cm in length, and the transverse surrounding rods are 0.3 cm in diameter and 80-120 cm in length respectively.
7. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the funnel-shaped fixing support is an A-shaped fixing support, and the diameter of the transverse fence at the uppermost part of the A-shaped fixing support is 50cm.
8. The method for greenhouse planting of hot pepper according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the funnel-shaped fixing support is a B-shaped fixing support, and the diameter of the transverse fence at the uppermost part is 60cm.
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