CN115697698A - 层叠体及层叠体的使用方法 - Google Patents
层叠体及层叠体的使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115697698A CN115697698A CN202180039517.XA CN202180039517A CN115697698A CN 115697698 A CN115697698 A CN 115697698A CN 202180039517 A CN202180039517 A CN 202180039517A CN 115697698 A CN115697698 A CN 115697698A
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- Prior art keywords
- resin
- fiber
- mass
- laminate
- fiber layer
- Prior art date
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能、特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部的层叠体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能、特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部的层叠体。
背景技术
锂离子电池等各种电池存在由于内部短路等而导致电池热失控、着火的危险性。特别是对于车载用电池而言,存在由于车辆事故等冲击而导致电池热失控、着火,从而成为车辆火灾的原因的担忧。因此,对覆盖电池的盖板要求:不易将由于热失控而成为异常高温的电池的热传递至周围、或者不易将由于电池的着火而产生的火焰传递至外部。
作为这样的车载用电池的盖板,例如在专利文献1中公开了一种由铁、铝等金属材料形成的电池壳。
另外,在专利文献2中公开了一种以铝合金、不锈钢等金属材料作为基材的车辆用电池壳。
另外,在专利文献3中记载了一种由具有包含聚酰胺等热塑性树脂和玻璃纤维等增强纤维的层的层叠体构成的车载用电池收纳体。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2001-294048号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2013-97883号公报
专利文献3:国际公开第2019/044801号
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
然而,如专利文献1及2中所记载的以金属材料作为基材的盖板无法充分地抑制由于电池的着火而产生的热传递,无法防止车内迅速地变成高温。另外,即使是专利文献3中记载的车载用电池收纳体,也存在无法充分地抑制树脂本身的燃烧的问题。
本发明的目的在于,提供具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能,特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部的层叠体。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明涉及一种层叠体,其具有包含树脂及纤维的纤维层、和设置于上述纤维层的至少一面的隔热层。
以下,详细叙述本发明。
本发明人等反复进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过在包含树脂及纤维的纤维层的至少一面设置隔热层,从而特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时,能够使在电池内部产生的火焰、热不易传递至外部,进而完成了本发明。
本发明的层叠体具有包含树脂及纤维的纤维层。
通过具有上述纤维层,从而在作为电池的盖板使用的情况下,能够发挥充分的机械强度,防止由碰撞事故的发生导致的破损等。
上述纤维层含有树脂。
作为上述树脂,可举出热塑性树脂、热固性树脂等合成树脂、弹性体等。
作为上述热塑性树脂,例如可举出:氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC)、聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS树脂)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚砜(PSU树脂)、聚苯基砜(PPSU)、聚醚砜(PES树脂)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI树脂)、聚苯硫醚(PPS树脂)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯树脂、聚缩醛、聚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、聚醚醚酮、液晶聚合物等。
作为上述热固性树脂,例如可举出:聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、脲树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、有机硅树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、热固性聚酰亚胺等。
作为上述弹性体,例如可举出:烯烃系弹性体、苯乙烯系弹性体、酯系弹性体、酰胺系弹性体、氯乙烯系弹性体等热塑性弹性体等。
上述树脂可以单独使用一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。
其中,优选为热塑性树脂,更优选为氯化聚氯乙烯树脂。
另外,可以在不阻碍本发明的效果的范围内,对上述树脂实施交联、改性。
关于交联方法,没有特别限定,可举出:通常对上述树脂成分进行的交联方法,例如使用各种交联剂、过氧化物等的交联方法、利用电子束照射的交联方法等。
在上述树脂含有氯化聚氯乙烯树脂的情况下,上述氯化聚氯乙烯树脂的氯含量优选为57质量%以上,并且优选为72质量%以下。
上述氯含量变少时,耐热性降低,上述氯含量变多时,成型性降低。
上述氯化聚氯乙烯树脂的氯含量更优选为60质量%以上,且更优选为71质量%以下。
上述氯含量例如可以通过按照JIS K 7229的方法进行测定。
上述氯化聚氯乙烯树脂的平均聚合度优选为400~3000,更优选为600~2000。
上述平均聚合度为上述范围时,存在燃烧时热分解物不易飞散、能够将隔火性能保持为较高的优点。
上述平均聚合度例如可以通过按照JIS K 6720-2:1999的方法进行测定。
上述氯化聚氯乙烯树脂是将氯乙烯树脂(PVC)氯化而成的树脂。
作为上述聚氯乙烯树脂,可以使用:氯乙烯均聚物、具有能够与氯乙烯单体进行共聚的不饱和键的单体与氯乙烯单体的共聚物、使氯乙烯单体与聚合物进行接枝共聚而得到的接枝共聚物等。这些聚合物可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
作为上述具有能够与氯乙烯单体进行共聚的不饱和键的单体,例如可举出:α-烯烃类、乙烯基酯类、乙烯基醚类、(甲基)丙烯酸酯类、芳香族乙烯基类、卤化乙烯类、N-取代马来酰亚胺类等,可以使用这些中的一种或两种以上。
作为上述α-烯烃类,可举出乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等。
作为上述乙烯基酯类,可举出乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯等。
作为上述乙烯基醚类,可举出丁基乙烯基醚、十六烷基乙烯基醚等。
作为上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类,可举出(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯等。
作为上述芳香族乙烯基类,可举出苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯等。
作为上述卤化乙烯类,可举出偏氯丁烯、偏氟丁烯等。
作为上述N-取代马来酰亚胺类,可举出N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺等。
作为上述将氯乙烯进行接枝共聚而得到的聚合物,只要是使氯乙烯进行接枝聚合而得到的聚合物,就没有特别限定。例如可举出:乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、聚氨酯、氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯等。这些聚合物可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
作为上述乙烯共聚物,可举出乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯-一氧化碳共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-一氧化碳共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物等。
上述PVC的平均聚合度没有特别限定,优选为通常使用的400~3000,更优选为600~2000。平均聚合度可以通过JIS K 6720-2:1999中记载的方法进行测定。
上述PVC的聚合方法没有特别限定,可以利用现有公知的水悬浮聚合、本体聚合、溶液聚合、乳液聚合等。
上述树脂的氧指数优选为20以上。
氧指数为20以上时,能够发挥优异的隔火性能。
上述氧指数更优选为22以上,并且优选为90以下,更优选为70以下。
上述氧指数是材料持续燃烧所需的最低氧浓度(体积%),例如按照JIS K7201-2:2007来确定。
上述树脂的重均分子量优选为1000~1000000。另外,关于热固性树脂,优选通过加热而交联至不会流动的程度,但交联的程度不限定于上述的程度。
上述重均分子量例如可以通过按照ASTM D 2503的方法进行测定。
另外,上述重均分子量可以通过使用了适当的标准(例如,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯标准)的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行测定。作为在测定上述重均分子量时使用的柱,例如可举出:TSKgel SuperAWM-H等。
上述树脂的玻璃化转变温度优选为0℃以上,更优选为20℃以上,进一步优选为40℃以上,并且优选为300℃以下,更优选为250℃以下,进一步优选为200℃以下。
上述玻璃化转变温度例如可以通过JIS K 7121来测定。
上述纤维层中的上述树脂的含量优选为10质量%以上,更优选为20质量%以上,并且优选为80质量%以下,更优选为70质量%以下。
上述纤维层含有纤维。
作为上述纤维,可举出:碳纤维、金属纤维、有机纤维、无机纤维等增强纤维。
作为上述碳纤维,例如可举出:PAN系碳纤维、沥青系碳纤维、纤维素系碳纤维、气相生长系碳纤维等。
作为上述金属纤维,例如可举出:包含铁、金、银、铜、铝、黄铜、不锈钢等金属的纤维。
作为有机纤维,例如可举出:包含芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并噁唑(PBO)、聚苯硫醚、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯等有机材料的纤维。
作为上述无机纤维,例如可举出:包含玻璃、玄武岩、碳化硅、硅碳化物等无机材料的纤维。另外,作为上述玻璃纤维,例如可举出:E玻璃、C玻璃、S玻璃、T玻璃等。
其中,优选为碳纤维、无机纤维,更优选为碳纤维、玻璃纤维。
上述纤维的平均纤维直径优选为2μm以上,更优选为3μm以上,并且优选为30μm以下,更优选为26μm以下。
上述平均纤维直径例如可以通过使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的图像并根据任意10点的纤维直径的平均值而计算出。
上述纤维可以是纤维被断续地截断的非连续纤维,也可以是未截断的连续纤维。
在上述纤维为非连续纤维的情况下,上述纤维的平均纤维长度优选为2mm以上,更优选为4mm以上,而且优选为100mm以下,更优选为80mm以下。
上述平均纤维长度例如可以通过利用游标尺测定任意的20个样品并根据其平均值而计算出。
上述纤维的比重优选为1.5以上,更优选为1.7以上,进一步优选为2.0以上,并且优选为3.0以下,更优选为2.7以下,进一步优选为2.6以下。
上述比重例如可以使用电子比重计等进行测定。
上述纤维的形态没有特别限定,例如可举出:纤维状、梭织物、针织物、无纺布的片状等。
在上述纤维为片状的情况下,上述纤维的单位面积重量优选为100g/m2以上,更优选为350g/m2以上,并且优选为1000g/m2以下,更优选为650g/m2以下。
上述单位面积重量例如可以通过将片状的纤维切割成10cm×10cm并测定重量、计算出每单位面积的重量等而求出。
上述纤维层中的上述纤维的含量优选为10质量%以上,更优选为20质量%以上,并且优选为80质量%以下,更优选为70质量%以下。
上述纤维的含量为上述范围时,能够充分地提高层叠体的机械强度。
上述纤维层除了上述树脂及纤维以外,还可以根据需要而包含热稳定剂、润滑剂、无机填充剂、颜料、阻燃剂、抗氧剂、加工助剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂等添加剂。
上述纤维层的厚度优选为0.2mm以上,更优选为0.4mm以上,并且优选为10mm以下,更优选为7mm以下。
需要说明的是,在本发明的层叠体具有两层以上纤维层的情况下,上述纤维层的厚度是指纤维层的厚度的合计。
本发明的层叠体中的上述纤维层的比例以质量比计优选为1/10以上,更优选为2/10以上,并且优选为9/10以下,更优选为8/10以下。
本发明的层叠体中的上述纤维层的厚度的比例优选为1/10以上,更优选为2/10以上,并且优选为9/10以下,进一步优选为8/10以下。
本发明的层叠体在上述纤维层的至少一面具有隔热层。
通过具有上述隔热层,在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够使在电池内部产生的火焰、热不易传递至外部。
上述隔热层优选含有树脂。
作为上述树脂,例如可举出:与上述构成纤维层的树脂同样的树脂。
其中,优选为氯化聚氯乙烯树脂。
上述隔热层中的树脂的含量优选为50质量%以上,更优选为70质量%以上,并且优选为99质量%以下,更优选为97质量%以下。
上述隔热层可以包含无机填充剂。
作为上述无机填充剂,例如可举出:二氧化硅、珪藻土、氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化锡、氧化锑、铁氧体类、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、碱性碳酸镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锌、碳酸钡、碳酸二氢氧钠铝(日文:ドーンナイト)、水滑石、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、石膏纤维、硅酸钙、滑石、粘土、云母、蒙脱石、膨润土、活性白土、海泡石、伊毛缟石、绢云母、玻璃珠、二氧化硅球、氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅、炭黑、石墨、碳球、木炭粉末、各种金属粉、钛酸钾、硫酸镁、钛酸铅锆(日文:チタン酸ジルコニア鉛)、硼酸铝、硫化钼、碳化硅、不锈钢纤维、硼酸锌、各种磁性粉、粉煤灰、脱水污泥等。
上述隔热层中的上述无机填充剂的含量优选为0.1质量%以上,更优选为1质量%以上,并且优选为50质量%以下,更优选为30质量%以下。
上述隔热层可以进一步包含热稳定剂、润滑剂、发泡剂等添加剂。
作为上述发泡剂,没有特别限定,可以为化学发泡剂,也可以为物理发泡剂。
作为上述化学发泡剂,例如可举出:热分解型无机发泡剂、热分解型有机系发泡剂、基于碳酸氢钠和酸的无机系反应型发泡剂、基于异氰酸酯和水的有机系反应型发泡剂等。
作为上述热分解型无机发泡剂,例如可举出:热膨胀性石墨、酸铵、碳酸钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠、亚硝酸铵、硼氢化钠、无水柠檬酸单钠(日文:無水クエン酸モノソーダ)等。
作为上述热分解型有机系发泡剂,例如可举出:偶氮二酰胺、偶氮二羧酸金属盐(偶氮二羧酸钡等)、偶氮双异丁腈等偶氮化合物、N,N’-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺等亚硝基化合物、联二脲、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、甲苯磺酰肼等肼衍生物、甲苯磺酰氨基脲等氨基脲化合物等。
另外,作为物理发泡剂,可举出内包有蛭石、烃的热膨胀性粒子等。
上述隔热层的加热前的厚度优选为0.2mm以上,更优选为0.3mm以上,并且优选为10mm以下,更优选为7mm以下。
本发明的层叠体中的上述隔热层的比例以质量比计优选为1/10以上,更优选为2/10以上,并且优选为9/10以下,更优选为8/10以下。
本发明的层叠体中的上述隔热层的厚度的比例优选为1/10以上,更优选为2/10以上,并且优选为9/10以下,更优选为8/10以下。
上述隔热层的厚度相对于上述纤维层的厚度的比例(隔热层的厚度/纤维层的厚度)优选为1/10以上,更优选为2/10以上,并且优选为9/10以下,更优选为8/10以下。
本发明的层叠体可以在上述隔热层的与上述纤维层相反的面还具有包含树脂及纤维的纤维层。
即,将在至少一面设置有隔热层的纤维层设为纤维层(A)、并将设置于隔热层的与纤维层(A)相反的面的纤维层设为纤维层(C)时,本发明的层叠体可以具有纤维层(A)/隔热层(B)/纤维层(C)的层叠结构。
作为上述纤维层的构成,可举出与上述纤维层同样的构成
在本发明的层叠体具有上述纤维层(A)和上述纤维层(C)的情况下,上述纤维层(A)的厚度与上述纤维层(C)的厚度的比率(纤维层(A)的厚度/纤维层(C)的厚度)优选为10/1以上,更优选为10/2以上,并且优选为10/10以下,更优选为10/9以下。
在本发明的层叠体具有上述纤维层(A)和上述纤维层(C)的情况下,上述纤维层(A)的质量与上述纤维层(C)的质量的比率(纤维层(A)的质量/纤维层(C)的质量)优选为10/1以上,更优选为10/2以上,并且优选为10/10以下,更优选为10/9以下。
本发明的层叠体的形状没有特别限定,可举出膜状、板状、片状、圆筒状、环状、框状、箱状等。
本发明的层叠体的加热前的导热系数优选为0.05W/mK以上,更优选为0.1W/mK以上,并且优选为0.5W/mK以下,更优选为0.4W/mK以下。
上述导热系数例如可以通过JIS R 2616进行测定。
本发明的层叠体在800℃加热1分钟后的导热系数优选为0.01W/mK以上,更优选为0.05W/mK以上,并且优选为0.15W/mK以下,更优选为0.12W/mK以下。
上述导热系数为上述范围时,作为车载用电池的盖板使用时,能够充分地抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部。
本发明的层叠体的下述式(1)所示的在800℃加热1分钟后的导热系数的变化率优选为0.5以上,并且优选为50以下。
(导热系数的变化率)=[(加热前的导热系数)-(加热后的导热系数)]/(加热后的导热系数)(1)
上述变化率为上述范围时,不会大幅增厚加热前的层叠体的厚度,具有可提高隔热性能的优点。
上述变化率更优选为1以上,并且更优选为30以下,进一步优选为10以下。
本发明的层叠体的下述式(2)所示的在800℃加热1分钟后的导热系数的减量率优选为50%以上,更优选为55%以上,并且优选为95%以下,更优选为90%以下。
(导热系数的减少率)=[(加热前的导热系数)-(加热后的导热系数)]/(加热前的导热系数)×100(2)
上述层叠体的在800℃加热1分钟后的下述式(3)所示的体积膨胀率优选为2倍以上。
(体积膨胀率)=[(加热后的最大厚度)-(加热前的厚度)]/(加热前的厚度)(3)
上述体积膨胀率为2倍以上时,不会大幅增厚加热前的层叠体的厚度,具有可提高隔热性能的优点。
上述体积膨胀率更优选为2.2倍以上,并且优选为10倍以下,更优选为7倍以下。
作为制造本发明的层叠体的方法,例如,制作含有构成上述纤维层的树脂、纤维等的组合物、以及含有构成上述隔热层的树脂等的组合物,形成纤维层及隔热层即可。另外,根据需要,可以以成为纤维层(A)/隔热层(B)/纤维层(C)的方式形成各层。
作为形成上述纤维层、隔热层的方法,例如可举出:挤出成型法、注塑成型法等。
本发明的层叠体具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能,因此,可以适合用作输送机用构件、电池装置用构件等各种成型构件。此外,本发明的层叠体可以适合用于在输送机中使用的电池装置用构件。
作为上述输送机,可举出汽油汽车、混合动力汽车、电动汽车、燃料电池汽车等汽车、汽油摩托车(日文:バイク)、混合动力摩托车、电动摩托车等摩托车、电动助力自行车等自行车、铁路车辆、船舶、飞机等。
另外,作为上述输送机用的构件,可举出装置构件、内装构件、外装构件、窗玻璃、灯罩等。
作为上述装置构件,可举出冷却管、气囊袋、通风道、加热器单元、车载用电池用盖板等。
作为上述内装构件,可举出顶棚、仪表盘、控制台盒、扶手、安全带搭扣、开关类、门饰板等。
作为上述外装构件,可举出标志、牌照框、保险杠芯材、底盘(日文:アンダーカバー)等。
作为上述电池装置,可举出镍锰电池、锂电池、空气锌电池等一次电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池、铅蓄电池等二次电池、硅系太阳能电池、色素敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿型太阳能电池等太阳能电池、固体高分子型燃料电池、碱型燃料电池、磷酸型燃料电池、固体氧化物型燃料电池等燃料电池等。
作为上述电池装置用的构件,可举出电池用盖板、电池冷却用水夹套、氢罐盖板、连接件、绝缘片等。
此外,作为在输送机中使用的电池装置用构件,可举出输送机用电池用盖板、车载用电池用盖板等。
特别是本发明的层叠体可以适合用作锂离子电池用盖板,此外,即使由于碰撞事故等来自外部的冲击而导致电池热失控时,也能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部,因此,可以适合用作车载用电池用盖板。
本发明的层叠体特别优选作为锂离子电池用盖板使用。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能、特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部的层叠体。
附图说明
图1是示出电池盖板成型用模具的立体图。
图2是示出电池盖板的成型的状态的剖面图。
图3是示出用于拉深加工后的弯曲强度的测定的拉深加工样品的立体图。
图4是示出从拉深加工样品切出的弯曲试验样品的立体图。
具体实施方式
以下,举出实施例对本发明更详细地进行说明。本发明不仅限定于以下的实施例。
在实施例及比较例中使用了以下的材料。
(实施例1)
(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)
将氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度1000、氯含量72.0质量%)100质量份、热稳定剂(日东化成公司制、有机锡系热稳定剂“TVS#1380”)10质量份与四氢呋喃(THF、富士胶片和光纯药公司制)400质量份混合,制作树脂溶液。
需要说明的是,树脂的氯含量通过按照JIS K 7229的方法进行测定,树脂的平均聚合度通过按照JIS K 6720-2:1999的方法进行测定。
接下来,利用手糊成型法使树脂溶液浸渗于片状的玻璃纤维(日东纺公司制“MC450A”、平均纤维直径7μm、平均纤维长度50nm、比重2.6、单位面积重量450g/m2)。重复上述工序7次,将7层玻璃纤维层叠。然后,通过干燥机使THF蒸发干燥,得到了纤维层(A)及(C)。所得到的纤维层(A)及(C)的厚度为1.7mm。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为1.13。另外,玻璃纤维的平均纤维直径通过使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的图像并根据任意10点的纤维直径的平均值而计算出,平均纤维长度通过游标尺对任意的20个样品进行测定并根据其平均值而计算出,比重使用电子比重计(MIRAGE公司制、“ED120T”)而计算出。此外,玻璃纤维的单位面积重量通过将片状的玻璃纤维切断成10cm×10cm并测定重量,再计算出每1m2的重量(g)而求出。
(隔热层(B)的制作)
将氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度500、氯含量67.3质量%)100质量份、热稳定剂(日东化成公司制、有机锡系热稳定剂“TVS#1380”)10质量份、润滑剂(CLARIANT公司制“WAX-OP”)2质量份、无机填充剂(炭黑、Cabot公司制“BLACKPEARLSL”)1质量份混合,进行辊混炼,制作厚度0.3mm的隔热层(B)。
(层叠体的制作)
将上述纤维层(A)-隔热层(B)-纤维层(C)重叠,通过压制机进行压制,由此得到层叠体。
(实施例2)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为1.13,在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用氧化钛(石原产业公司制“TIPAQUE CR-90”)10质量份来代替炭黑1质量份,除此以外,与实施例1同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例3)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用包含聚酰胺树脂的玻璃纤维增强热塑性预浸料(LANXESS公司制“Tepexdynalite 102-FG290(x)/45%”)来制作厚度1.7mm的纤维层(A)及(C)。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为1.12。
使用所得到的纤维层(A)及(C),除此以外,与实施例2同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例4)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用包含聚碳酸酯树脂的玻璃纤维增强热塑性预浸料(LANXESS公司制“Tepexdynalite 102fr-FG290(x)/45%”)来制作厚度1.7mm的纤维层(A)及(C)。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为1.13。
使用所得到的纤维层(A)及(C),除此以外,与实施例2同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例5)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度1000、氯含量56.7质量%)作为树脂,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为1.54,除此以外,与实施例2同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例6)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度500、氯含量67.3质量%)作为树脂,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为1.54,除此以外,与实施例2同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例7)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用片状的碳纤维(东丽公司制“T-700”、平均纤维直径10μm、比重2.1、单位面积重量220g/m2)作为纤维,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为1.09,除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例8)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度500、氯含量56.7质量%)作为树脂,除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例9)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用聚碳酸酯树脂(三菱瓦斯化学公司制、PCZ-500)作为树脂,未添加热稳定剂及润滑剂而制作隔热层(B),除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例10)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用聚酰胺树脂(UNITIKA公司制、A1030BRT)作为树脂,未添加热稳定剂及润滑剂而制作隔热层(B),除此以外,与实施例9同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例11)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用膨胀石墨(富士石墨工业公司制“EXP-50S300”)来代替氧化钛,除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例12)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用片状的玻璃纤维(日东纺公司制“MC 380A”、平均纤维直径7μm、平均纤维长度50nm、比重2.6、单位面积重量380g/m2)作为纤维,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为1.35,除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例13)
在(纤维层(A)及(C)的制作)中,使用片状的玻璃纤维(日东纺公司制“MC 600A”、平均纤维直径7μm、平均纤维长度50nm、比重2.6、单位面积重量600g/m2)作为纤维,将(纤维质量/树脂质量)设为2.10,除此以外,与实施例6同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例14)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用聚酰胺树脂(UNITIKA公司制、A1030BRT)作为树脂,未添加热稳定剂及润滑剂而制作隔热层(B),除此以外,与实施例3同样地得到层叠体。
(实施例15)
在(隔热层(B)的制作)中,使用聚碳酸酯树脂(三菱瓦斯化学公司制、PCZ-500)作为树脂,未添加热稳定剂及润滑剂而制作隔热层(B),除此以外,与实施例4同样地得到层叠体。
(比较例1)
将氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度1000、氯含量72.0质量%)100质量份、热稳定剂(日东化成公司制“TVS#1380”)10质量份、润滑剂(CLARIANT公司制“WAX-OP”)2质量份混合,进行辊混炼,制作厚度0.3mm的树脂层。
将所得到的树脂层层叠并进行压制成型,由此得到厚度2.0mm的层叠体。
(比较例2)
将氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC、德山积水工业公司制、平均聚合度1000、氯含量72.0质量%)100质量份、热稳定剂(日东化成公司制、有机锡系热稳定剂“TVS#1380”)10质量份与四氢呋喃(THF、富士胶片和光纯药公司制)400质量份混合,制作树脂溶液。
接下来,利用手糊成型法使树脂溶液浸渗于片状的玻璃纤维(日东纺公司制“MC450A-104SS”、平均纤维直径7μm、单位面积重量450g/m2)。重复上述工序使玻璃纤维层叠。然后,通过干燥机使THF蒸发干燥,得到厚度2.0mm的层叠体。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为0.98。
(比较例3)
使用包含聚酰胺树脂的玻璃纤维增强热塑性预浸料(LANXESS公司制“Tepexdynalite 102-FG290(x)/45%”)而制作厚度2.5mm的纤维层。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为1.12。
(比较例4)
使用包含聚碳酸酯树脂的玻璃纤维增强热塑性预浸料(LANXESS公司制“Tepexdynalite 102fr-FG290(x)/45%”)而制作厚度2.0mm的纤维层。需要说明的是,(纤维质量/树脂质量)为1.13。
(评价)
对于在实施例及比较例中使用的树脂、层叠体、纤维层,进行了以下的评价。将结果示于表1~4。
(1)树脂的氧指数、重均分子量、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)
通过按照JIS K 7201-2:2007的方法测定树脂的氧指数。另外,通过按照ASTM D2503的方法测定树脂的重均分子量。此外,通过按照JIS K7121的方法测定树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
需要说明的是,氯化聚氯乙烯树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂的重均分子量具体而言通过以下的方法进行测定。
首先,将树脂样品溶解于THF,使用孔径0.2μm的过滤器进行过滤。然后,使用日本分光公司制的GPC单元(泵单元:PU-4180、检测器单元:RI-4030、柱烘箱:CO-4065),在测定流量0.7ml/min、烘箱温度40℃条件下进行测定,使样品溶出分离,通过以标准聚苯乙烯换算制作的校准曲线基准而求出分子量。需要说明的是,作为柱,使用SHODEX公司制柱LF-804(两根连结)。
另外,聚酰胺树脂的重均分子量通过以下的方法进行测定。
具体而言,首先,称量层叠体试样,添加规定量的洗脱液,在室温下静置1晚而使其溶解。然后,缓慢振荡混合后,通过0.45μm的PTFE滤心式过滤器进行过滤,将作为滤液部分的聚酰胺树脂分离。
然后,通过以下的条件进行测定。
<GPC装置>
HLC-8420GPC(东曹公司制)
<柱>
TSKgel Super AWM-H(6.0mmI.D.×15cm)×两根(东曹公司制)
<检测器>
差示折射率计(RI检测器),polarity(极性)=(+)
<洗脱液>
HFIP(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙醇)(富士胶片和光纯药公司制)
+10mM-CF3COONa(富士胶片和光纯药公司制1级)
<测定条件>
流速:0.3ml/min
柱温度:40℃
试样浓度:1mg/ml(以聚酰胺为基准的浓度)
试样注入量:20μL
校准曲线:利用了标准PMMA(Agilent Technologies公司制)的三次近似曲线
(2)导热系数及体积膨胀率
对于在实施例1~15、比较例1、2中得到的层叠体及在比较例3、4中得到的纤维层,切断成100mm×100mm,得到测定用样品。对于所得到的测定用样品,通过JIS R 2616测定导热系数。
另外,将所得到的测定用样品以使厚度方向成为垂直方向的方式固定于夹具,将样品与燃烧器的距离设为20mm,从下方进行加热,在800℃的状态下持续了1分钟的加热后,同样地测定导热系数,通过下述式(1)及(2)计算出导热系数的变化率及减少率。
(导热系数的变化率)=[(加热前的导热系数)-(加热后的导热系数)]/(加热后的导热系数)(1)
(导热系数的减少率)=[(加热前的导热系数)-(加热后的导热系数)]/(加热前的导热系数)×100(2)
进一步测定在800℃加热1分钟后的测定用样品的厚度,通过下述式(3)测定体积膨胀率。
(体积膨胀率)=[(加热后的最大厚度)-(加热前的厚度)]/(加热前的厚度)(3)
需要说明的是,对于在比较例1中得到的层叠体而言,在达到800℃之前,树脂烧光,因此,无法测定加热后的导热系数、导热系数的变化率、减少率、体积膨胀率。
(3)火焰的泄漏、背面温度
对于在实施例1~15、比较例1、2中得到的层叠体及在比较例3、4中得到的纤维层,切断成150mm×150mm,得到了测定用样品。将所得到的测定用样品以使厚度方向成为垂直方向的方式固定于夹具,将样品与燃烧器的距离设为20mm,从下方加热5分钟。确认加热时的状态,按照以下的基准进行评价。
〇:未确认到火焰向测定用样品上方的泄漏。
×:确认到了火焰向测定用样品上方的泄漏。
另外,通过热成像术对加热面的背面侧的温度进行观察,测定背面温度达到300℃为止的时间。
(4)电池盖板的外观
(锂离子电池用盖板的制作)
使用图1所示的模具,对在实施例1~15中得到的层叠体如图2那样进行压制成型(温度200℃、预热4分钟、加压4分钟、冷却4分钟),从而制作假定为锂离子电池用盖板的成型体。上述成型体没有龟裂、裂纹,得到了外观的良好的成型体。
(5)拉深加工后的弯曲强度
对于在实施例1~15、比较例1、2中得到的层叠体及在比较例3、4中得到的纤维层,使用红外线加热器,加热至表面温度成为210℃(在树脂包含聚碳酸酯树脂的情况下为230℃,在包含聚酰胺树脂的情况下为240℃)。
在将模具温度设为170℃的压制模具中放入加热后的层叠体,以合模力30t进行压制并保持10秒钟。然后,用20分钟将模具冷却至50℃,得到了如图3所示的拉深加工样品。
如图4那样使用复合材料切断机AC-300CF(丸东制作所制)从拉深加工样品的平面部分(图3虚线部)切出弯曲试验样品(65mm×10mm),使用ORIENTEC公司制“TENSILON”,按照JISK 7171测定弯曲强度。
[表1]
[表2]
[表4]
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明,可以提供具有优异的隔火性能、隔热性能、特别是在作为车载用电池的盖板使用时能够抑制因源自电池内部的着火而产生的火焰、热传递至外部的层叠体。
附图标记说明
1 模具
2 层叠体
Claims (11)
1.一种层叠体,其具有包含树脂及纤维的纤维层、和设置于所述纤维层的至少一面的隔热层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层叠体,其在800℃下加热1分钟后的导热系数为0.01W/mK~0.15W/mK。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体,其中,
下述式(1)所示的在800℃加热1分钟后的导热系数的变化率为1~10,
(导热系数的变化率)=[(加热前的导热系数)-(加热后的导热系数)]/(加热后的导热系数)(1)。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的层叠体,其中,
在800℃加热1分钟后的下述式(3)所示的体积膨胀率为2倍以上,(体积膨胀率)=[(加热后的最大厚度)-(加热前的厚度)]/(加热前的厚度)(3)。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的层叠体,其在隔热层的与纤维层相反的面还具有包含树脂及纤维的纤维层。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的层叠体,其中,
构成纤维层的树脂的氧指数为20以上。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的层叠体,其中,
构成纤维层的树脂是平均聚合度为400~3000、氯含量为57质量%~72质量%的氯化聚氯乙烯树脂。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的层叠体,其中,
构成纤维层的纤维是选自玻璃纤维及碳纤维中的至少1种。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的层叠体,其中,
纤维层中的纤维的含量为10质量%~80质量%。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的层叠体,其为锂离子电池用盖板。
11.一种使用方法,将权利要求1~9中任一项所述的层叠体作为锂离子电池用盖板来使用。
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