CN115677421A - Biomass organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biomass organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a biomass organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The method fully utilizes the bulk organic waste materials produced and processed by the agricultural products to produce the high-efficiency and high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, develops circular economy, reduces the production cost and the environmental cost of enterprises, improves the quality and the safety of the agricultural products, improves the soil, protects the environment and improves the comprehensive benefit. The invention provides a preparation method of a biomass organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that organic substances are fermented, dried and crushed, diluted into suspension by water, and then directly utilized and absorbed by crops through spraying or drip irrigation, so as to achieve the purpose of directly taking effect. After the organic fertilizer is applied, the effect can be quickly shown, and soil organic matters can be comprehensively improved and hardened after the organic fertilizer is applied for 3 days; meanwhile, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the crop yield is increased, the crop quality is improved, the root growth is promoted, the stress resistance is enhanced, and the fixed nutrient elements in the soil can be activated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biomass organic fertilizer, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Chemical fertilizers are important agricultural production materials, and are 'grains' of grains. The fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of grain and agricultural production, but the problems of excessive application, blind application and the like of the fertilizer exist at present, so that the cost is increased and the environment is polluted, the improvement of a fertilizer application mode is urgently needed, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the unreasonable investment is reduced, the effective supply of main agricultural products such as grain and the like is ensured, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
The unreasonable fertilizer application problem is related to the large grain yield increasing pressure, low land foundation soil fertility, high land utilization strength, small production scale of farmers and the like in China, and is also related to the aspects that the fertilizer production and operation are separated from agricultural requirements, the fertilizer variety structure is unreasonable, the fertilization technology is backward, the fertilizer management system is not healthy and the like. Excessive fertilization and blind fertilization not only increase the agricultural production cost and waste resources, but also cause hardening of cultivated land and soil acidification. The implementation of the zero-increase action of the fertilizer usage amount is an important measure for promoting agriculture to change modes and adjust structures, is also a practical requirement for promoting cost saving and efficiency improvement, energy saving and emission reduction, and has very important significance for guaranteeing national food safety, agricultural product quality safety and agricultural ecological safety. The application of the organic fertilizer is an effective way for achieving the zero growth target of the fertilizer, but the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer is very low, and the requirement of quick growth of crops cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a biomass organic fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the biomass organic fertilizer can increase the growth rate of crops, and is used for improving the quality and safety of agricultural products, improving soil and protecting environment, and increasing comprehensive benefits.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a biomass organic fertilizer, wherein the raw materials of the biomass organic fertilizer comprise a fermentation raw material, an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrition;
the fermentation raw materials comprise: edible fungus waste materials, oil tea dregs, rape cakes, olive dregs and pepper oil dregs;
the inorganic nutrients include: macroelements and medium-trace elements.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation raw materials, the organic wetting dispersant, the potassium humate, the lard residue and the inorganic nutrition is (34-100): (5-10): (10-20): (2-10): (9 to 23).
Preferably, the fermentation raw materials comprise the following edible fungus waste materials, oil tea dried cakes, rape cakes, olive residues and pepper oil residues in a mass ratio of (20-40): (5-25): (5-15): (2-10): (2-10).
Preferably, the macro-elements comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the macro-elements are provided by macro-element fertilizers, and the macro-element fertilizers comprise nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers;
the medium trace elements comprise boron, zinc and magnesium, the medium trace elements are provided by medium trace element fertilizers, and the medium trace element fertilizers comprise boron fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biomass organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the fermentation raw materials and fermenting to obtain a fermented product;
and mixing the fermentation product with an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrients, and then drying and carrying out superfine grinding to obtain the biomass organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the fermentation raw materials are coarsely crushed before being mixed, and the particle sizes of the coarsely crushed raw materials are all 30-50 meshes.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 40-70 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48-52 hours.
Preferably, the method further comprises, after the micronizing: the obtained micron-sized powder is prepared into wettable powder.
The invention also provides application of the biomass organic fertilizer or the biomass organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in plant cultivation and soil improvement.
The invention also provides a method for improving the yield and quality of crops, which comprises the following steps: in the crop growth period, applying the biomass organic fertilizer or the biomass organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme;
the application includes spraying, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation.
Has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a biomass organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that bulk organic waste (including edible fungus waste, oil tea cake, rape cake, olive residue, pepper oil residue and lard residue) produced by agricultural product production and processing is fully utilized to produce a high-efficiency and high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, after the biomass organic fertilizer is applied, the effect can be rapidly shown, and after the biomass organic fertilizer is applied for 3 days, the soil structure can be loosened, the organic matter of the soil can be comprehensively improved, and the hardening can be reduced; meanwhile, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the crop yield can be increased, the crop quality can be improved, the root growth can be promoted, the stress resistance can be enhanced, the adverse effect of excessive fertilization on the environment can be reduced, and the fixed nutrient elements in the soil can be activated.
By utilizing the biomass organic fertilizer, the recycling economy can be developed, the production cost of enterprises and the environmental cost are reduced, the quality and the safety of crop production are improved, the soil is improved, the environment is protected, and the comprehensive benefit is improved. According to the invention, the bulk organic waste materials produced in the production and processing of agricultural products are stably supplied, can be decomposed into glucose, amino acid, humus and the like after fermentation, are rich in a large amount of organic matters such as biological protein and cellulose, and the amino acid and the humic acid generated after fermentation belong to biological stimulin, can participate and stimulate the absorption of plants on nutrient elements, can improve the microbial ecological environment of soil, reduce crop diseases and insect pests, activate and promote the absorption of plants on fertilizers and nutrient components in soil, and improve the utilization rate and the effective conversion rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The biomass organic fertilizer is also added with a bioactive substance potassium humate, which mainly plays a role in biostimulation and physiological regulation, and can supplement all-around nutrition for crops and inhibit yellow leaves, yellow top, green loss, small leaves, leaf curl and plant dwarfing caused by nutrient deficiency, diseases, physiological factors and the like of the crops through fermentation with the bulk organic waste materials produced and processed by the agricultural products, so that the strong growth and fast green leaves are quickly recovered, the growth is vigorous, and the flowers and fruits are kept swelled; the organic matter content of the soil is improved, the fertilizer absorption and utilization rate is improved, the growth and development of root systems are promoted, and seedlings are quickly released and strong; the flowering and fruiting rates are improved, the market is brought forward, and the harvesting period is prolonged; the stress resistance of crops is enhanced, the immunity is improved, and the occurrence of various plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; improve the surface finish and color of crops and improve the yield and quality of the crops.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a biomass organic fertilizer, which comprises raw materials of a fermentation raw material, an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residues and inorganic nutrients;
the fermentation raw materials comprise: edible fungus waste materials, oil tea dregs, rape cakes, olive dregs and pepper oil dregs;
the inorganic nutrients include: macroelements and medium-trace elements.
The mass ratio of the dry weight of the fermentation raw materials, the organic wetting dispersant, the potassium humate, the lard residue and the inorganic nutrition is preferably (34-100): (5-10): (10-20): (2-10): (9 to 23), more preferably (51 to 79): 5: (12 to 18): (4-6): (12-19), most preferably 65.
The fermentation raw materials of the invention preferably comprise (20-40) edible fungus waste, oil tea dregs, rape cakes, olive dregs and pepper oil dregs in a mass ratio: (5-25): (5-15): (2-10): (2 to 10), more preferably (25 to 35): (10-20): (8-12): (4-6): (4-6), most preferably 30.
The fermentation raw material comprises edible fungus waste, the mass percentage of the edible fungus waste is preferably dry weight, the mass is preferably 25-35% of the mass of the fermentation raw material, and the most preferably 30%. In the present invention, the waste edible fungi (waste fungi stick and waste fungi residue) of the present invention contains proteins and other nutrients, and is called "mycoprotein", which contains a large amount of mycelia. The organic fertilizer produced by the waste mushroom sticks and the waste mushroom residues is loose and breathable, can be further decomposed into humus with good ventilation and water storage capacities in soil, can enhance the air permeability of the soil, and avoids the phenomena of soil hardening and the like; the fertilizer is rich in organic matters and various mineral elements, can improve soil, increase soil fertility and improve production benefit of unit soil area; meanwhile, the fertilizer has a smaller carbon-nitrogen ratio (lower than 20) so as to avoid the phenomenon of nitrogen deprivation when the edible fungus culture material is directly applied to farmlands, improve the yield, enhance the taste and improve the yield and quality, and the produced agricultural products are pollution-free products.
The oil tea cake disclosed by the invention contains abundant crude protein, various amino acids and other nutrient substances, can enable plants to absorb abundant nutrition during growth after fermentation treatment, can effectively kill cutworms, nematodes and other insect pests, can complex heavy metals in soil, repair soil, reduce the content of harmful heavy metals such as lead, chromium and the like, and can stimulate the growth of crops, enhance the stress resistance of the crops and improve the yield and quality of the crops due to avoidance and biological stimulation of tea saponin.
The rape cake (rapeseed cake meal) is a very abundant protein resource, is a good fertilizer for plant growth, can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various medium and trace elements and micromolecular nutrient substances for crops, has complete nutrients of an organic fertilizer in the rape cake meal and lasting fertilizer effect, is suitable for various soils and various crops, and has the effects of orderly blossoming, improving fruit setting rate, promoting prematurity and the like; the fruit growth is promoted, the fruit swelling is fast, the fruit cracking is less, the fruit is crisp and has more juice, the color is regular, the quality is improved, the yield is high, the flavor is natural, particularly, the yield of crops such as tobacco, melons and fruits, wheat and the like can be improved, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions of soil can be adjusted, the adverse effect of long-term single fertilizer application on the soil can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved.
The olive pomace (olive pomace) is a byproduct rich in nutrition, and comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: water 49.34%, crude protein 2.51%, crude fat 8.02%, ash 0.93%, crude fiber 26.41%, reducing sugar 0.25%, potassium 3628mg/kg, calcium 527mg/kg, magnesium 167mg/kg, sodium 68mg/kg, iron 41mg/kg, zinc 0.6mg/kg, flavone 6.14mg/g and polyphenol 3.78mg// g; the fresh olive pomace contains 2.10% of total amino acids and 17 amino acids, wherein essential amino acids account for 36% of the total amino acids, and the ratio of the total amount of essential amino acids to the total amount of non-essential amino acids is 0.56.
The pepper oil residue contains 5.83 percent of crude fat, 12.39 percent of crude protein, 63.46 percent of crude fiber, 2.06 percent of nitrogen, 0.71 percent of phosphorus and 2.5 percent of potassium respectively, and 15 trace elements such as magnesium, calcium, manganese, zinc and the like, has high potassium content and contains various amino acids, lignin and cellulose in pepper seeds are converted into organic substances such as mycoprotein and the like in fermentation, the acid value is improved, the organic substances and the acid value in the product are improved, the pepper oil residue is fat-soluble after being applied to the field, the fertilizer efficiency is long, after the effective components are absorbed by plants, the pepper oil residue not only promotes the crops to grow vigorously, but also stems or internodes are short and thick, leaves are dark green and thick, the root systems and the protein content are increased, the plant lodging resistance can be greatly improved, the yield and the quality of the crops can be increased, the cultivated land can be improved, the regional agricultural production conditions can be improved, the effects of sweetening, the coloring, insect prevention, disease resistance, flower retention and fruit retention are realized, and the growth of the crops is facilitated.
The lard residue contains various proteins and amino acids, fat cell tissues and a large amount of unseparatable saturated fatty acids, and can be decomposed into various amino acid substances after fermentation, so that the soil fertility can be increased, the soil nutrients can be activated, the soil can be loosened, the number of soil microorganisms and earthworms can be increased, and the effective nutrients can be rapidly increased; the development of the root system of the crop is promoted, the plant grows strongly, the leaves are fat, the photosynthesis capability is strong, and the early growth and development stage of the crop is particularly prominent; the saline-alkali resistance of crops is enhanced, and the effects of increasing the organic matter content of the crops, increasing sweetness and enhancing mouthfeel are achieved.
The potassium humate is preferably biochemical potassium humate, is not a pure molecular compound, but is a mixture with a non-uniform complex macromolecular structure and extremely complex components; besides high-content fulvic acid, the humic acid is rich in almost all nutrients such as amino acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various enzymes, carbohydrate (oligosaccharide, fructose and the like) protein, nucleic acid, humic acid, VC, VE, a large amount of B vitamins and the like required in the plant growth process, and is a green biological bacterial fertilizer. Unknown growth promoting factors with high biological activity function; the complexing ability is strong, the absorption and running anti-flocculation of plant trace elements are improved, the buffer is provided, the dissolving performance is good, and the interaction ability with metal ions is strong; has the obvious functions of cold resistance and drought resistance; the plant cell water-retaining agent has the advantages of small molecular weight, average molecular weight of 300 and high biological activity, and can absorb more water and nutrients which cannot be obtained originally by plant cells through various functions of adsorption, conduction, transportation, bridging, slow release, activation and the like, and simultaneously, nutrient substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, sugar and the like accumulated and synthesized by photosynthesis are conveyed to fruit parts, so that the quality is improved, and the yield is increased.
The macroelements preferably comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the macroelements are preferably provided by macroelement fertilizers, the macroelement fertilizers preferably comprise nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers, and the nitrogenous fertilizers (N) and the phosphate fertilizers (P) are 2 O 5 ) Potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) is 1; the medium trace elements preferably comprise boron, zinc and magnesium, the medium trace elements are preferably provided by medium trace element fertilizers, the medium trace element fertilizers preferably comprise boron fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers, and the mass ratio of the boron fertilizers (B), the zinc fertilizers (Zn) and the magnesium fertilizers (Mg) is 1.
In the invention, the major and medium trace element components reach 15%, the proportion is very suitable for the current situation of Chinese soil, the quick action of the inorganic fertilizer and the long action of the organic fertilizer are organically combined with the provision of plant nutrients and the improvement of the fertility soil, and the yield increase of crops, the quality improvement of agricultural products and the optimization improvement of soil are realized. The organic fertilizer is an environment-friendly product which is nontoxic, pollution-free, degradable, hormone-free, heavy metal-free and free of any side effect, can reduce adverse effects of excessive fertilization on the environment, and can activate nutrient elements in a fixed state in soil, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the soil quality is improved.
In the invention, the organic wetting dispersant preferably comprises tea saponin or lignin, the biomass organic fertilizer is preferably wettable powder with micron-sized particle size and high effect taking speed, and obvious effects can be seen 3 days after application, such as loosening the soil structure, comprehensively improving the soil organic matters and reducing the hardening.
The mass ratio of the major elements to the medium trace elements in the inorganic nutrition is preferably (10-15): (2 to 4), more preferably 12. The macroelements preferably comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the macroelements are preferably provided by macroelement fertilizers, and the macroelement fertilizers preferably comprise nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers; the medium trace elements preferably comprise boron, zinc and magnesium, the medium trace elements are preferably provided by medium trace element fertilizers, and the medium trace element fertilizers preferably comprise boron fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biomass organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the fermentation raw materials and fermenting to obtain a fermented product;
and mixing the fermentation product with an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrients, and then drying and carrying out superfine grinding to obtain the biomass organic fertilizer.
The invention preferably further comprises the step of respectively carrying out coarse crushing on the fermentation raw materials before mixing, wherein the particle size after coarse crushing is 30-50 meshes. The invention can cause the difference of coarse crushing fineness due to the difference of raw materials, causes the crushing into different grain diameters, is beneficial to fully dispersing and uniformly mixing, can be decomposed into glucose, amino acid, humus and the like after being fermented, is rich in organic matters such as a large amount of biological protein, cellulose and the like, can improve the microbial ecological environment of soil, reduce crop diseases and insect pests, activate and promote the absorption of plants on fertilizers and nutrient components in soil thereof, and improves the utilization rate and the effective conversion rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Fermenting the coarsely crushed fermentation raw materials, preferably in a high-temperature fermentation machine, directly sterilizing the fermentation raw materials and organic materials at high temperature by using pressure steam through steam heating and electric heating assistance, and then controlling the temperature to be 40-70 ℃ for fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is preferably 48-52 hours; the temperature of the fermentation is more preferably 60 ℃ and the time of fermentation is more preferably 48 hours.
According to the invention, the fermentation product is mixed with an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrients, and then dried and subjected to superfine grinding, wherein the drying preferably comprises flash drying, and the flash drying preferably comprises evaporation until the water content is not higher than 3%. After the flash evaporation and drying, the contents of major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters are greatly improved, and the content of the organic matters reaches 50% through sampling inspection; the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaches 12%; the content of boron, magnesium and potassium reaches 3 percent, the soil is greatly improved, the activity and the utilization rate are high, no secondary pollution is caused, and the method is green and environment-friendly. The superfine grinding of the invention preferably comprises jet milling, after the jet milling, micron-sized powder with fineness of more than 400 meshes can be completely dispersed in water, is beneficial to absorption and conversion, and after the spreading and hole application, the micron-sized powder is leached by rainwater, directly permeates into soil through soil gaps and directly acts on the roots of crops, so that the roots and hairs can be quickly absorbed and converted into nutrients required by the plants.
After the superfine pulverized micron-sized powder is obtained, the method preferably further comprises the step of preparing wettable powder from the micron-sized powder. The method for preparing the practicable powder is not particularly limited, and the conventional preparation method in the field can be used.
The wettable powder can be completely wetted and dispersed in water, can be sprayed on leaf surfaces, can be absorbed by leaf pores and conducted into crops, can quickly provide nutrients for the crops in a fruit setting period by absorbing the nutrients through the permeation action of the pores, activates the physiological functions of the crops, regulates element metabolism, promotes flower bud differentiation, flowers to be orderly blossomed, has high fruit setting rate, promotes uniform growth of fruits, and has the advantages of quick fruit expansion, less fruit cracking, more fruit crispness, large color and regular fruits, high quality improvement and high yield and natural flavor; improve the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and has obvious promotion effect on reducing the residual quantity of pesticide. The organic fertilizer prepared by the method has small molecules, the particle size reaches the micron level, and the organic fertilizer can be absorbed and converted into various nutrients by the roots of crops after being leached by rainwater for 3 hours, so that the organic nutrients are directly absorbed and converted by the crops, and the organic fertilizer has high activity, high utilization rate and high content of organic matters of fruits and vegetables, and is an ideal fertilizer for developing green pollution-free organic products.
The biomass organic fertilizer prepared by the method has the following physicochemical properties: appearance: the powder is loose powder with uniform composition and no lumps exist; solubility: forming a suspension with water; specific gravity: 0.9-1.0 g/cm 3 (ii) a Stability: is stable under normal storage conditions. Moreover, the organic matter content of the biomass organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 70 percent, the total content of nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 12 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent, the pH value is 5.0-8.0, the suspension percentage is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the biomass organic fertilizer is moistenedThe time is less than or equal to 100s, the fineness (passing through a 44 mu m test sieve) is more than or equal to 95 percent, the lasting foamability (after 1 min) is less than or equal to 30ml, and the heat storage decomposition rate is less than or equal to 5 percent.
The invention also provides application of the biomass organic fertilizer or the biomass organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in plant cultivation and soil improvement.
In the invention, after the biomass organic fertilizer is applied, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be obviously improved, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil keep higher effectiveness in each period, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer can be improved by 15.3%, the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is improved by 8.3%, and the utilization rate of the potassium fertilizer is improved by 10.7%. The fertilizer can be saved by about 50% per mu, and the nutrient deficiency symptom is not easy to occur; the yield of crops is increased by about 5-30%, the effects of promoting the early ripening of the crops, sweetening and coloring the crops and increasing organic matters can be simultaneously promoted, the content of the organic matters is increased by 5-15%, the sugar degree is increased by 5-10%, the crops can be listed 7 days in advance, and the economic benefit is obviously improved; the crop quality is improved, and the coordinated supply of crop nutrients is achieved by promoting the absorption of medium trace elements, so that the crop quality is improved; the conditions of abnormal fruits, bald tips, fruit cracking, poor coloring and the like caused by malnutrition and hormone use are avoided, and meanwhile, the fresh-keeping period of the fruits can be prolonged to more than 15 days; the growth of root systems is promoted, the stress resistance is enhanced, the development of the root systems of the crops can be effectively promoted, longer roots and more root hairs can grow out, the surface area of the roots is increased, the nutrient absorption capacity of the crops is improved, and the stress resistance capacities of the crops, such as lodging resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and the like, are enhanced; green and environment-friendly, and can improve soil.
The invention also provides a method for improving the yield and quality of crops, which comprises the following steps: applying the biomass organic fertilizer or the biomass organic fertilizer obtained by the method during the crop growth period;
the application includes spraying, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation.
The crops of the present invention preferably comprise: solanaceous fruits, melons, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, beans, strawberries, fruit trees and pepper. When the biomass organic fertilizer is applied, different application methods and different application concentrations are adopted, and the spraying method comprises the following steps: diluting 150-200 times, uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of leaves, spraying for 2 times before flowering of fruit trees, spraying for 1 time after flowering, spraying for 1 time 20 days before picking, and spraying 40kg of diluent per mu of land; drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation: diluting by 500-800 times, continuously using for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-15 days, and carrying out drop irrigation or spray irrigation on each mu of land by 40kg of diluent; flood irrigation: 800 times of the solution, and the solution is continuously used for 3 times at intervals of 7-15 days.
The following examples are provided to describe in detail a biomass organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
40% of edible fungus (tea tree mushroom) waste material (wet weight, dry weight is 32%), 10% of oil-tea camellia dregs, 5% of rape cakes (wet weight, dry weight is 4%), 5% of olive dregs (wet weight, dry weight is 4%), 20% of potassium humate, 5% of pepper oil dregs, 5% of lard oil dregs, major elements (N4%, P4%, K4%, wherein N is provided by ammonium sulfate, and P and K are provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and medium and trace elements (B1%, zn1%, and Mg1%, wherein B is provided by boric acid, zn is provided by anhydrous zinc sulfate, and Mg is provided by anhydrous magnesium sulfate).
Example 2
30 percent (wet weight, 22 percent dry weight) of edible fungus (oyster mushroom) sticks, 20 percent of mountain oil camellia dregs, 10 percent (wet weight, 8 percent dry weight) of rape cakes, 8 percent (wet weight, 6 percent dry weight) of olive dregs, 10 percent of potassium humate, 10 percent of pepper oil dregs, 5 percent of lard dregs, major elements (N4 percent, P4 percent, K4 percent, wherein N is provided by ammonium sulfate, and P and K are provided by monopotassium phosphate), and medium and trace elements (B1 percent, zn1 percent, mg1 percent, wherein B is provided by boric acid, zn is provided by anhydrous zinc sulfate, and Mg is provided by anhydrous magnesium sulfate), firstly fermenting edible fungus waste materials, oil camellia dregs, rape cakes, olive dregs and pepper oil dregs at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 48 hours, uniformly mixing the fermented materials and other materials in a double-cone stirrer, carrying out flash evaporation dehydration treatment, controlling the water content to be within 1 percent, and packaging and warehousing after airflow crushing to 400 meshes.
Example 3
25% of edible fungus (flammulina velutipes) residues (wet weight, dry weight is 20%), 15% of camellia oleifera abel cakes, 10% of rape cakes (wet weight, dry weight is 8%), 5% of olive residues (wet weight, dry weight is 4%), 15% of potassium humate, 10% of pepper oil residues, 5% of lard oil residues, major elements (N4%, P4%, K4%, wherein N is provided by ammonium sulfate, and P and K are provided by monopotassium phosphate), and medium and trace elements (B1%, zn1%, mg1%, wherein B is provided by boric acid, zn is provided by anhydrous zinc sulfate, and Mg is provided by anhydrous magnesium sulfate), fermenting edible fungus waste materials, oil camellia cakes, rape cakes, olive residues and pepper oil residues at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 48 hours, crushing the fermented materials and the rest materials in a double-cone stirrer to be uniform, carrying out flash evaporation dehydration treatment, controlling the water content to be within 1%, and packaging and warehousing after airflow of 400 meshes.
Experimental example 1
The following fertilizer performance tests were carried out on the biomass organic fertilizer prepared in example 2, and a conventional organic fertilizer (organic matter is not less than 45%, N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 5.0 percent) and humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 200g/L, humic acid is more than or equal to 30 g/L) as a reference for comparison.
The test point is located in cucumber towns in the city of Yongchuan area, the previous crop is cowpea, the soil fertilizer level is medium, and the soil is sandy loam. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.5, the organic matter content is 30.15g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 2.12g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 224.56mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 25.40mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 110.2mg/kg.
Test work: cucumber.
4 treatments were set, each treatment was set to 3 replicates for a total of 12 test cells, each treatment area was 20m 2 Random block permutation.
Applying a base fertilizer:
clear water control treatment (CK blank): the base fertilizer is used for transplanting cucumbers after being applied in a way that a commodity organic fertilizer is 400 kg/mu, 45% compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu and urea is 10 kg/mu.
Conventional organic fertilizer contrast treatment: the application mode of the base fertilizer is consistent with that of CK blank treatment, and the conventional organic fertilizer of 400 kg/mu is applied for 2 times.
And (3) humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contrast treatment: the application mode of the base fertilizer is consistent with that of CK blank treatment, and 5 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times.
Biomass organic fertilizer: the application mode of all the base fertilizers is the same as that of CK blank treatment, the base fertilizers are applied for 2 times, each time is 5 kg/mu, and the application mode and the application amount are the same as those of CK fertilizers.
The test field cucumber is sown in 7 months and 25 days; setting seedlings in 8 months and 7 days, reserving one seedling in each hole, and setting the density of 4000 seedlings; flowering is carried out in 8 months and 28 days, and the harvesting period is 9 months and 10 days-10 months and 15 days. Applying fruit strengthening fertilizer after blooming and after the first fruit picking, respectively applying water soluble fertilizer once per mu according to 10 kg/mu, diluting by 200 times of the applying concentration, and using corresponding fertilizer application varieties for each treatment according to the experimental design.
The biological characters of the cucumbers treated differently are shown in table 1, and by using the biomass organic fertilizer, the cucumber leaves are dark green, the cucumber grows more vigorously, the length and thickness of the cucumber are increased, the number of fruits per plant is increased, and the difference is obvious.
TABLE 1 comparison of biological traits in cucumber treated differently
| Treatment of | Long (cm) | Coarse (cm) | Melon weight (g) | Average number of fruiting per plant |
| Biomass organic fertilizer | 38.1 | 3.8 | 230.2 | 7.15 |
| CK (blank) | 27.8 | 3.2 | 195.5 | 6.15 |
| Conventional organic fertilizer | 31.4 | 3.3 | 202.5 | 6.25 |
| Humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer | 35.6 | 3.5 | 215.4 | 6.35 |
Test example 2
Biomass organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, N + P) prepared in example 2 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 12 percent; b + Zn + Mg is more than or equal to 3 percent) and the following fertilizer performance tests are carried out:
the test point is located on a farm in a stalagmite mountain landscape area in the Yongchuan area, the soil is sandy loam, and the soil fertility is basically consistent after nearly 10 years of cultivation and improvement. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the red loam is 6.2, the organic matter content is 23.2g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 136.4mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 30.5mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 80.2mg/kg.
Test work: and (5) kiwi fruits.
3 treatments were set up, each treatment was set up for 3 replicates for a total of 9 trialsCell, each process 667m 2 And planting 52 plants.
Treatment 1: conventional fertilization (30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) + 10kg of fertilizer to be tested;
and (3) treatment 2: conventional fertilization (30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) + 500kg of chicken manure;
process 3 (CK blank): and (5) applying fertilizer conventionally (30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer).
Field management: the conventional fertilizer application of the Chinese gooseberry is carried out for 2 times, the first time is finished in the first ten days of the month, the fertilizing amount of pre-sprout fertilizer (base fertilizer) accounts for 60 percent of the total fertilizing amount, the second time is finished in the middle ten days of the month 5, the fruit strengthening fertilizer accounts for 40 percent of the total fertilizing amount
Harvesting: the yield is measured in real time in 10 months and 15 days.
The effect on the yield of kiwi fruits is shown in Table 2, wherein the yield of treatment 1 is increased by 285.0 and 214.0kg/667m, respectively, as compared with that of treatment 2 and treatment 3 2 The amplification is 34.5 percent and 16.6 percent respectively.
TABLE 2 Effect of organic biofertilizer on yield of Kiwi
The influence on the quality of kiwi fruits is shown in Table 3, and the content of soluble solid matters in the kiwi fruits treated in the step 1 is higher than that in the steps 2 and 3 in Vc content, total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio.
TABLE 3 influence of organic biofertilizer on fruit quality of kiwi fruit
| Treatment of | Soluble solids/%) | Vc content/(mg/g) | Total sugar/% | Total acid/% | Ratio of sugar to acid |
| 1 | 13.0 | 76 | 9.75 | 0.40 | 24.4 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 76 | 9.10 | 0.46 | 19.8 |
| 3(CK) | 11.6 | 70 | 8.50 | 0.55 | 15.5 |
After the biomass organic fertilizer is applied to the kiwi fruits, the yield is greatly improved, and the yield is increased by 385.0kg/667m compared with the yield increased by treating 3 (CK) by treating 1 2 The amplification is 34%; the yield is increased by 214.0kg/667m compared with treatment 2 2 The amplification is 16.6%. After the biomass organic fertilizer is applied to the kiwi fruit orchard, the fruit characters can be obviously improved, the fruit quality is improved, and the commodity value is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biomass organic fertilizer is characterized in that raw materials of the biomass organic fertilizer comprise a fermentation raw material, an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrition;
the fermentation raw materials comprise: edible fungus waste, oil tea cake, rape cake, olive residue and pepper oil residue;
the inorganic nutrients include: macroelements and medium-trace elements.
2. The biomass organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation raw material, the organic wetting dispersant, the potassium humate, the lard residue and the inorganic nutrition is (34-100): (5-10): (10-20): (2-10): (9 to 23).
3. The biomass organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation raw material comprises edible fungus waste, oil tea dregs, rape cakes, olive dregs and pepper oil dregs in a mass ratio of (20-40): (5-25): (5-15): (2-10): (2-10).
4. The biomass organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the macro-elements comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the macro-elements being provided by macro-element fertilizers comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers;
the medium trace elements comprise boron, zinc and magnesium, the medium trace elements are provided by medium trace element fertilizers, and the medium trace element fertilizers comprise boron fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers.
5. The method for preparing the biomass organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the fermentation raw materials and fermenting to obtain a fermented product;
and mixing the fermentation product with an organic wetting dispersant, potassium humate, lard residue and inorganic nutrients, and then drying and carrying out superfine grinding to obtain the biomass organic fertilizer.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation raw materials are coarsely crushed before being mixed, and the particle size of the coarsely crushed fermentation raw materials is 30-50 meshes.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation temperature is 40 to 70 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 to 52 hours.
8. The method according to claim 5, further comprising, after said micronizing: the obtained micron-sized powder is prepared into wettable powder.
9. Use of the bioorganic fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the bioorganic fertilizer obtained by the production method of any one of claims 5 to 8 for plant cultivation and/or soil improvement.
10. A method of increasing crop yield and quality, comprising the steps of: applying the biomass organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the biomass organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 in the crop growth period;
the application includes spraying, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation.
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