CN115612543A - 一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油及其制备方法，该无灰抗磨液压油按重量份数计，包括：100‑150份的基础油、3‑6份的极压抗磨剂、1‑2份减摩剂、2‑4份的抗氧剂、0.5‑2份的防腐蚀剂、0.5‑2份的金属减活剂、2‑6份的防锈剂、0.1‑0.5份的抗乳化剂、0.1‑1份的抗泡剂。其制备方法包括：将各组分依次加入容器中，搅拌升温至50℃‑60℃，持续搅拌10‑20min，然后升温至75‑80℃，继续搅拌60‑90min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明的无灰抗磨液压油。本发明制备的液压油低温性能优良：倾点低于‑65℃，‑40℃粘度为2400，粘度适宜，并且具有良好的高低温性能、抗磨性、防锈性、氧化安定性、水解安定性及热稳定性，同时具有抗乳化性和兼容性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种超低温、高密封性 的无灰抗磨液压油及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于液压传动容易实现高速、高精度控制、反应灵敏等优点，已经越来 越广泛地用于机械装备领域。液压系统通过液压油来实现能量的传递、转换 和控制，同时液压油对系统还具有润滑、防锈、防腐、冷却等作用。因此， 液压油对液压系统起着至关重要的作用。随着我国制造业的发展，大型机械 如深海潜水器“蛟龙号”、高空无人机或东北地区冬季使用的机械装备等需 要在严寒的环境下工作，对液压油的低温性能提出非常严苛要求，并且还要 在-55℃环境下具有优良的密封性能，防止出现漏液的情况。目前，常规油品 在-40℃下就已经因为低温粘度过大，无法使用。
CN11243049A一种超低温长寿命液压油组合物中介绍了一种能够在 -45℃环境下使用的液压油，但存在使用环境温度较高的问题，并且粘度指数 改进剂加入量过多，剪切性能差，同时该产品在密封性能方面没有明显指示。
CN110484339A介绍了一种低温液压油，油品因为使用PAO2，该产品蒸 发损失较大，并且粘度指数改进剂加入较多，剪切性能及抗氧化性能差，同 时该产品在密封性能方面没有明显指示。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，以解决上 述背景技术中提出的问题，同时本发明具有操作简单、易制备的特点。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，按重量份数计，包括：100-150 份的基础油、3-6份的极压抗磨剂、1-2份减摩剂、2-4份的抗氧剂、1-5份的 防腐蚀剂、2-5份的金属减活剂、2-6份的防锈剂、0.1-0.5份的抗乳化剂、1.5-2 份的抗泡剂。
进一步的，所述的基础油为PAO4与合成酯按质量比7-9:2-1混合的混合 物，其中合成酯为三羟甲基丙烷酯，合成酯40℃粘度为16mm2/s，最终配制 的基础油40℃粘度为18-25mm2/s，-40℃粘度为2100-2600mm2/s。
进一步的，所述的抗磨剂为磷酸酯类抗磨剂、硫代磷酸酯类抗磨剂(如 T306、T309等)等抗磨剂中的任意一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的抗氧剂为含胺类、酚类抗氧剂(如L57、L135、T502A 等)中的任意一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的防腐蚀剂为烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯类(如4002等)中的 任意一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物(如Irgamet 39、T551等) 中的任意一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的防锈剂为磷酸酯类、季戊四醇酯任意一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物(如DL32)中的任意 一种或多种。
进一步的，所述的抗泡剂为甲基硅油类(如201-100)的任意一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油的制备方法， 步骤如下：将基础油、抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防腐蚀剂、金属减活剂、防锈剂、 抗乳化剂、抗泡剂依次加入容器中，然后开启机械搅拌升温至50℃-60℃，持 续搅拌10-20min，然后升温至75-80℃，继续搅拌60-90min，随后冷却到室温， 即可得均匀澄清透明的无灰抗磨液压油。
本发明的优点是：
本产品对超低温液压油实际工况及目前产品的优缺点进行分析研究，采 用PAO4、三羟甲基丙烷酯(专为超低温环境进行分子设计而研制)等全合成 基础油，并根据运行工况添加功能添加剂精制而成。本发明制备的液压油低 温性能优良：倾点低于-65℃，-40℃粘度为2400，粘度适宜，并且具有良好 的高低温性能、抗磨性、防锈性、氧化安定性、水解安定性及热稳定性，同 时具有抗乳化性和兼容性，其各项性能完全满足GB/T 11118.1-2011标准规定 的HS液压油的技术要求，并且该产品也满足GJB 3238A-2020《炮用液压油》 标准。本发明可适合超低温度、极压条件下使用。本发明目的产物具有极佳 的润滑性能和抗磨损性能，在超长时间行驶后仍能保持粘度和润滑，加上它 极佳的抗磨损性能，延长运动部件的使用寿命。此外，还具有优异的储放稳 定性，油品性能稳定，无沉淀等优势。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所 描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发 明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的 所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)、按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份(重量份数，下同) 的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为7:3)，基础油40℃粘度为15.5mm2/s， 3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)，1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，1份 的辛基丁基二苯胺(L57)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀 剂，2份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet 39)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸 酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基 硅油(201-100)抗泡剂，依次加入容器中。
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得混合物开启机械搅拌升温至550℃，持续搅拌 15min，然后升温至78℃，继续搅拌80min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄 清透明的无灰抗磨液压油。
实施例2
(1)、按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份(重量份数，下同) 的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为7.5:2.5)，基础油40℃粘度为 16.0mm2/s，3份的三苯基硫代磷酸盐(TPPT)，1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309) 抗磨剂，0.5份的辛基丁基二苯胺抗氧剂(L57)、0.5份的酚类抗氧剂(L135)，1 份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet 39)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子 化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂。
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得混合物开启机械搅拌升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min， 然后升温至80℃，继续搅拌60min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明 的无灰抗磨液压油。
实施例3
(1)、按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份(重量份数，下同) 的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为8:2)，基础油40℃粘度为16.5mm2/s， 3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)，1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂、0.5 份的辛基丁基二苯胺抗氧剂(L57)，0.5份的酚类抗氧剂(L135)，1份的烷基硫 代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(T551)金属减活剂， 2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗 乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂。
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得混合物开启机械搅拌升温至60℃，持续搅拌15min， 然后升温至80℃，继续搅拌70min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明 的无灰抗磨液压油。
实施例4
(1)、按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份(重量份数，下同) 的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为85:15)，基础油40℃粘度为 17.3mm2/s，3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)，1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309) 抗磨剂，0.5份的酚类抗氧剂(T502A)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯 (4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet 39)金属减活剂，2份的 季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂， 0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂。
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得混合物开启机械搅拌升温至55℃，持续搅拌10min， 然后升温至75℃，继续搅拌90min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明 的无灰抗磨液压油。
实施例5
(1)、按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份(重量份数，下同) 的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为9:1)，基础油40℃粘度为17.8mm2/s， 3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)，1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，0.5 份的辛基丁基二苯胺(L135)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐 蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(T551)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸 酯防锈剂，0.1份的胺与环氧乙烷缩合物(T1001)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基 硅油(201-100)抗泡剂。
(2)、将步骤(1)中所得混合物开启机械搅拌升温至50℃，持续搅拌20min， 然后升温至75℃，继续搅拌60min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明 的无灰抗磨液压油。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，其区别仅在于，基础油组分仅有PAO4，不加入三羟甲 基丙烷酯。
本发明人根据GB/T 265评定-40℃粘度，根据GB/T 3535评定油品倾点等 低温性能。根据NB/SH/T0882-2014润滑油极压性能的测定SRV试验机法， 通过实验测试出的摩擦系数评定制备液压油摩擦学性能，试验条件为50℃、 100N、30min。根据SH/T 0305评定油品密封性能。
实施例1-5与对比例1所制备液压油为流体状态，其检测性能典型数据如 表1。
表1实施例1-5与对比例1的性能数据
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是 与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对 于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的 比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用 本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易 见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下， 在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例， 而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括：100-150份的基础油、3-6份的极压抗磨剂、1-2份减摩剂、2-4份的抗氧剂、0.5-2份的防腐蚀剂、0.5-2份的金属减活剂、2-6份的防锈剂、0.1-0.5份的抗乳化剂、0.1-1份的抗泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的基础油为PAO4与合成酯按质量比7-9:2-1混合的混合物，其中合成酯为三羟甲基丙烷酯，合成酯40℃粘度为16mm2/s，最终配制的基础油40℃粘度为18-25mm2/s，-40℃粘度为2100-2600mm2/s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的抗磨剂为磷酸酯类抗磨剂、硫代磷酸酯类抗磨剂、氨基酯类抗磨剂中的任意一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的抗氧剂为含胺类、酚类抗氧剂中的任意一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的防腐蚀剂为烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯类中的任意一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物中的任意一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的防锈剂为磷酸酯类、季戊四醇酯任意一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物中的任意一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油，其特征在于，所述的抗泡剂为甲基硅油类的任意一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的超低温、高密封性的无灰抗磨液压油的制备方法，步骤如下：将基础油、抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防腐蚀剂、金属减活剂、防锈剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂依次加入容器中，然后开启机械搅拌升温至50℃-60℃，持续搅拌10-20min，然后升温至75-80℃，继续搅拌60-90min，随后冷却到室温，即可得均匀澄清透明的无灰抗磨液压油。
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