CN115554988A - 一种有机链修饰锆基mof吸附剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种有机链修饰锆基mof吸附剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂及其制备方法与应用,属于复合材料技术领域。本发明以5‑甲酰基‑2‑羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸反应生成的有机配体L,与ZrCl4反应得到L‑MOFs,L‑MOFs在羟胺溶液中水解得到吸附剂AMO‑MOF,即有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂;有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂可用于高效回收吸附溶液中的铅离子。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂及其制备方法与应用,属于复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
Pb(Ⅱ)作为一种在冶炼、化工、电池生产、皮革和电镀等工矿企中广泛应用的重金属离子,其污染问题受到了普遍关注。长期接触Pb(Ⅱ)会导致肌无力,幻觉,易怒,肾脏损伤。农作物吸收过量的Pb(Ⅱ)会影响它们的生长和产量。Pb(Ⅱ)不可生物降解,会导致其在动植物体内累积,从而引起各种疾病的发生,其持久性和毒性成为水资源主要的污染物之一。因此,解决水环境中Pb(Ⅱ)的污染问题已迫在眉睫。
目前,去除废水中铅离子最常用的技术有电解法、离子交换法、膜分离法和吸附法。由于适用范围广,不存在二次污染,反应速度快,经济,选择性好,易于设计和操作的优点,吸附法被认为是应用最广泛、最具潜力的去除Pb(Ⅱ)的方法目前市场上应用前景较好的吸附剂有生物炭、粉煤灰、磁性石墨烯、壳聚糖等。实际应用中,为了降低吸附材料的成本,必须研制出低成本、高效、大容量和可再生的吸附材料,或研制出能促进吸附剂解吸的生物、化学药剂,以提高吸附材料的循环利用率,降低成本。
近年来,金属-有机骨架(MOFs)作为吸附剂引起人们的关注。特别是在重金属离子的吸附和去除方面,MOFs已成为解决当前水污染问题的热门话题。MOFs具有以下特点:1)孔隙率和较大的比表面积有利于特定离子的选择性吸附。2)不饱和活性位点与金属离子之间的相互作用可以随机调节。3)可变的金属中有机配体导致心和其结构和功能的多样性。促进了MOFs材料的应用范围,合成方法简单易实现大规模制备。
但是,MOFs吸附废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的稳定性和选择性仍然不佳。
发明内容
本发明针对现有MOFs吸附铅离子的吸附选择性较差和吸附剂结构稳定性差等问题,提出了一种有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂及其制备方法与应用,即以5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸反应生成的有机配体L,与ZrCl4反应得到L-MOFs,L-MOFs在羟胺溶液中水解得到吸附剂AMO-MOF,即有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂;有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂用于高效回收吸附溶液中的铅离子,具有较高的吸附选择性能,并且可重复使用。
一种有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂,以5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸反应生成的有机配体L修饰锆基MOF吸附剂,其结构式为:
所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸加入到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌溶解得到溶液A,溶液A在温度353~358K下回流反应8~10h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体干燥即得有机配体L;
(2)将有机配体L和ZrCl4溶解至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入浓盐酸,在温度393~398K下回流反应46~48h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水乙醇洗涤、浸泡,真空干燥得到前驱体L-MOF;
(3)将前驱体L-MOF溶解至羟胺溶液中,在温度353~358K下回流反应22~24h,冷却至室温,经甲醇和纯水洗涤,固液分离,固体经真空干燥即得有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂AMO-MOF;
所述步骤(1)5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸的摩尔比为1:5~6。
所述步骤(1)溶液A中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸的质量浓度为0.08~0.1g/mL。
所述步骤(2)有机配体L和ZrCl4的质量比为1:1~1.2。
所述步骤(2)有机配体L与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液比g:mL为1:60~70。
所述步骤(2)浓盐酸的浓度为36~38wt%,浓盐酸与有机配体L的液固比mL:g为1:5~6,浓盐酸与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:300~400。
所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂用于吸附溶液中铅离子。
有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的总体合成路线为
有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂选择性高效吸附铅离子的机理:AMO-MOF吸附剂含N-和O-官能团的螯合作用以及离子间的静电相互作用。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明以5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸反应生成的有机配体L,与ZrCl4反应得到L-MOFs,L-MOFs在羟胺溶液中水解得到吸附剂AMO-MOF,可从溶液中高效吸附去除铅离子;
(2)由于有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的有机框架材料具有孔隙率大,比表面积大的特点,有利于特定离子的选择性吸附,不饱和活性位点与金属离子的相互作用可以随意调节;可变金属中心和有机配体导致其结构和功能的多样性,合成方法简单易实现大规模制备的特点;
(3)本发明有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂具有良好的选择性,拥有优异的再生性能,用完可回收,经5次吸附解吸实验后吸附速率从99.91%仅仅降低到82.11%,其对铅离子的重复吸收率高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的SEM图;
图2为实施例1有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的EDS图;
图3为实施例1有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂吸附铅离子前后的XPS图;
图4为实施例1有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的XRD图;
图5为实施例1有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的FT-IR图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1:有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸加入到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌溶解得到溶液A,溶液A在温度353K下回流反应8h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体真空干燥12h即得有机配体L;其中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸的摩尔比为1:6,溶液中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸的质量浓度为0.1g/mL;反应方程式如下:
(2)将有机配体L和ZrCl4溶解至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入浓盐酸,在温度398K下回流反应48h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水乙醇洗涤、浸泡,真空干燥24h得到前驱体L-MOF;其中有机配体L与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液比g:mL为1:70,有机配体L与ZrCl4的质量比为1:1.2,浓盐酸的浓度为37wt%,浓盐酸与有机配体L的液固比mL:g为1:6,浓盐酸与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:400;反应方程式如下:
(3)将前驱体L-MOF溶解至羟胺溶液中,在温度353K下回流反应24h,冷却至室温,经甲醇和纯水洗涤,固液分离,固体经真空干燥即得有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂AMO-MOF;反应方程式如下:
本实施例产品有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的SEM,EDS,XPS,XRD和FT-IR图见图1~5,从图中可知,锆基MOF吸附剂主要由元素C、N、O和Zr组成,C、N、O和Zr的重量百分比分别为50.01%、6.01%、29.61%和14.37%;从XRD谱图中可以看出,吸附剂的晶体结构较差,衍射峰不明显,说明吸附剂存在一定的缺陷;FT-IR图中,640cm-1处的峰值是Zr-N峰,489cm-1处的峰值是Zr-O振动峰,FT-IR光谱进一步证实了AMO-MOF的吸附剂成功合成;经过对吸附前后的吸附材料进行分析,发现吸附Pb(Ⅱ)试验后的吸附剂上产生新的物质,XPS图上明显存在新的Pb(4f)峰;
吸附铅离子性能测定:
室温下将AMO-MOF(10mg)和含Pb(II)溶液(pH 4,10mL,100mg/L)加入15mL离心管中,并在振荡机下以200rpm振荡速度振荡20h;离心分离吸附剂并取得上清液,用ICP-OES测定上清液中剩余铅离子浓度为0.09mg/L,计算得到铅的吸附率为99.91%,吸附剂用由1%浓盐酸和10%硫脲组成的解吸溶液(40mL)洗脱20h,解脱率为95.57%;离心后,吸附剂用蒸馏水洗涤,直到溶液呈中性即可完成吸附剂AMO-MOF的再生。经过5次重复性实验,第五次吸附铅的吸附率为82.41%,解脱率为70.94%。
实施例2:有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸加入到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌溶解得到溶液A,溶液A在温度355K下回流反应9h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体真空干燥12h即得有机配体L;其中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸的摩尔比为1:5.5,溶液中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸的质量浓度为0.09g/mL;
(2)将有机配体L和ZrCl4溶解至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入浓盐酸,在温度395K下回流反应47h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水乙醇洗涤、浸泡,真空干燥24h得到前驱体L-MOF;其中有机配体L与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液比g:mL为1:60,有机配体L与ZrCl4的质量比为1:1.1,浓盐酸的浓度为36wt%,浓盐酸与有机配体L的液固比mL:g为1:5.5,浓盐酸与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:350;
(3)将前驱体L-MOF溶解至羟胺溶液中,在温度355K下回流反应23h,冷却至室温,经甲醇和纯水洗涤,固液分离,固体经真空干燥即得有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂AMO-MOF;
吸附铅离子性能测定:
室温下将AMO-MOF(10mg)和含Pb(II)溶液(pH 4,10mL,100mg/L)加入15mL离心管中,并在振荡机下以200rpm振荡速度振荡20h;离心分离吸附剂并取得上清液,用ICP-OES测定上清液中剩余铅离子浓度为0.62mg/L,计算得到铅的吸附率为99.38%,吸附剂用由1%浓盐酸和10%硫脲组成的解吸溶液(40mL)洗脱20h,解脱率为95.43%;离心后,吸附剂用蒸馏水洗涤,直到溶液呈中性即可完成吸附剂AMO-MOF的再生。经过5次重复性实验,第五次吸附铅的吸附率为80.17%,解脱率为70.03%。
实施例3:有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸加入到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌溶解得到溶液A,溶液A在温度353K下回流反应8h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体真空干燥12h即得有机配体L;其中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸的摩尔比为1:5,溶液中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸的质量浓度为0.08g/mL;
(2)将有机配体L和ZrCl4溶解至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入浓盐酸,在温度393K下回流反应46h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水乙醇洗涤、浸泡,真空干燥24h得到前驱体L-MOF;其中有机配体L与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液比g:mL为1:65,有机配体L与ZrCl4的质量比为1:1,浓盐酸的浓度为38wt%,浓盐酸与有机配体L的液固比mL:g为1:5,浓盐酸与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:300;
(3)将前驱体L-MOF溶解至羟胺溶液中,在温度358K下回流反应22h,冷却至室温,经甲醇和纯水洗涤,固液分离,固体经真空干燥即得有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂AMO-MOF;
吸附铅离子性能测定:
室温下将AMO-MOF(10mg)和含Pb(II)溶液(pH 4,10mL,100mg/L)加入15mL离心管中,并在振荡机下以200rpm振荡速度振荡20h;离心分离吸附剂并取得上清液,用ICP-OES测定上清液中剩余铅离子浓度为0.96mg/L,计算得到铅的吸附率为99.04%,吸附剂用由1%浓盐酸和10%硫脲组成的解吸溶液(40mL)洗脱20h,解脱率为94.49%;离心后,吸附剂用蒸馏水洗涤,直到溶液呈中性即可完成吸附剂AMO-MOF的再生。经过5次重复性实验,第五次吸附铅的吸附率为81.43%,解脱率为70.57%。
以上对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。
Claims (8)
2.权利要求1所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)将5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸加入到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌溶解得到溶液A,溶液A在温度353~358K下回流反应8~10h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体干燥即得有机配体L;
(2)将有机配体L和ZrCl4溶解至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入浓盐酸,在温度393~398K下回流反应46~48h,冷却至室温,固液分离,固体经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和无水乙醇洗涤、浸泡,真空干燥得到前驱体L-MOF;
(3)将前驱体L-MOF溶解至羟胺溶液中,在温度353~358K下回流反应22~24h,冷却至室温,经甲醇和纯水洗涤,固液分离,固体经真空干燥即得有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂AMO-MOF。
3.根据权利要求2所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸与二氨基马来酸的摩尔比为1:5~6。
4.根据权利要求2所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)溶液A中5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲酸的质量浓度为0.08~0.1g/mL。
5.根据权利要求2所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)有机配体L和ZrCl4的质量比为1:1~1.2。
6.根据权利要求2或5所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)有机配体L与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的固液比g:mL为1:60~70。
7.根据权利要求1所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)浓盐酸的浓度为36~38wt%,浓盐酸与有机配体L的液固比mL:g为1:5~6,浓盐酸与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:300~400。
8.权利要求1所述有机链修饰锆基MOF吸附剂用于吸附溶液中铅离子。
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