CN115443865A

CN115443865A - Rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN115443865A
Application number: CN202211222856.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴茂前; 张富林; 夏颖; 张志毅; 吴家琼; 毛波; 刘冬碧; 范先鹏; 余延丰; 倪承凡; 祝习才; 郭栋林
Original assignee: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
Current assignee: Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
Priority date: 2022-10-08
Filing date: 2022-10-08
Publication date: 2022-12-09

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of rice fields, and particularly provides a rice crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: modifying a rice field, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, returning green manure to the field, fertilizing and leveling the field, sterilizing and changing the bottom, entering crabs into the field, transplanting seedlings, harvesting the first crop, changing the bottom and detoxifying, fattening and recapturing, planting green manure, harvesting the second crop and recycling. The scheme takes rice as a core, crabs serve the rice, and green manure planting is added for one season. The rice has two purposes, and the rice is cultivated and cultivated, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, land resources are efficiently utilized, and the rice is ecological and environment-friendly; but also greatly reduces the labor intensity, prolongs the growth period of the crabs cultured in the paddy field, and is beneficial to improving the quality of agricultural products (grains and crabs) and increasing the additional value of the paddy field production. Not only effectively ensuring the planting area of the rice field, but also increasing the rice yield and improving the rice quality.

Description

Rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive field planting and breeding, in particular to a rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method.

Background

In recent years, the grain production benefit is low, the desire of farmers for grain planting is not high, and land reclaiming accidents occur occasionally. Aiming at the situation, a rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding mode of 'one-water dual-purpose, one-field dual-harvest, grain and fish stabilizing and efficiency increasing, grain and fish win-win, ecological environment protection' is explored in various places according to local conditions, and a dominant rice field comprehensive planting and breeding mode with obvious regional characteristics and comprehensive benefits, such as rice shrimps, rice fishes (mainly carp and crucian carp, the same thing below), rice crabs, rice loaches, rice turtles and the like, is formed. The method finds a new method for solving the problems of low grain production benefit and low grain planting willingness at present, explores a new way for increasing the supply of high-quality agricultural products, and opens up a new place for improving ecology, protecting water bodies and fertilizing soil. The method is popularized and applied all over the country, a batch of core demonstration areas for comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice field are established, considerable achievements of stable rice yield, remarkable improvement of economic benefit and remarkable ecological benefit are obtained, the effects of comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice field in the aspects of grain stabilization, fishing promotion, quality improvement, efficiency improvement, ecological environment protection and the like are effectively exerted, the income of farmers is increased, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, and a new road for sustainable development of agriculture is explored.

At present, rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding mainly has 7 modes: breeding rice shrimps, rice fish, rice crabs, rice loaches, rice soft-shelled turtles, rice snails and rice frogs. The average benefit of the comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fishery is 3-5 times of that of single rice, wherein the rice and shrimp yield is 100-150 kg per mu, 400-600 kg of rice is 400-600 kg per mu, and the pure income per mu is less, 2000 yuan and more than 5000 yuan. The comprehensive planting of rice and fish plays an increasingly important role in the preservation of aquatic products and the promotion of the countryside industry.

The breeding mode of the rice and the shrimps in Hubei accounts for more than 90 percent of the comprehensive breeding of rice and fish, and the rice and the shrimps also have a small amount of rice soft-shelled turtles, rice frogs, rice ducks and the like. However, the rice shrimp mode is influenced by economic benefits in actual production, and the phenomenon of 'heavy shrimp light rice' is obvious. In recent years, the mode innovation and the technical development of rice shrimps are developed by taking shrimps as a core, and the mode is changed from 'one rice and one shrimp' to 'two shrimps in one rice', even 'three shrimps in one rice' and 'four shrimps in one rice'. The shrimp culture strength is increased without limit, the area of the culture ditch pit is too large, the culture environment does not reach the standard, the rice planting status is gradually weakened, the actual rice planting area is seriously reduced, the sowing season is delayed, the rice yield is low, the product spot inspection is unqualified, and the like. In addition, the rice yield per unit is seriously reduced due to the amblyopia of the production management on the rice. The 10 rice field shrimp culture points in Hubei province are investigated by Chen Song Wen and the like, and the rice yield per unit is lower than that of rice single cropping in a rice and shrimp mode, and 90% of rice yield per unit in the rice and shrimp field is lower than 7500kg/hm & lt 2 & gt. And the long-term flooding management during the shrimp culture period leads the degree of soil secondary submerged breeding to be aggravated along with the increase of the shrimp culture age, and meanwhile, the investment of shrimp feed aggravates the risk of water eutrophication, which applies pressure to the water environment protection of plain lake areas, especially the Jianghan plain with larger area.

And with the expansion of the breeding scale of the crayfish, the competition of the breeding industry is intensified, the shrimp fry market is saturated, the benefit is gradually reduced, the market price difference caused by the specification and the quality of the grown shrimp is further enlarged, and the problems of unstable yield, small specification and germplasm degradation in the shrimp rice mode are more and more serious. And the planting area of the double cropping rice is reduced along with the increase of the planting mode of the shrimp rice.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the technical problem that the planting area and the cultivation quality of rice are reduced in a rice and fish mode in the prior art.

The invention provides a rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, ploughing when the biomass of the milk vetch is maximum in the beginning of 4 months, fertilizing and ploughing after 15 days of watering and soaking;

s2, putting the crabs into the rice transplanter, and transplanting rice seedlings after 2 days;

s3, feeding the river crabs at fixed time and fixed point every day;

s4, feeding and supplementing water when the crabs enter the first shelling period, and feeding and supplementing water to the water depth of 3-5cm after shelling is finished;

s5, feeding and supplementing water when the crabs enter the second shelling period, and feeding and supplementing water to the water depth of 10cm after shelling is finished;

s6, starting to dry the field intermittently in the last ten days of 6 months, and increasing the water level of the field surface to 10-20 cm;

s7, harvesting the first crop of rice in the middle ten days of 8 months, wherein the height of harvested stubbles is 40cm, and the straws are not crushed; after harvesting, the field is covered with water, and the water feeding depth is 10cm;

s8, beginning to catch crabs in the last ten days of the month 9;

s9, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the dry field in 10 months;

s10, harvesting the second crop of the rice in the middle of 11 months, and crushing the straws and returning the straws to the field;

and S11, after the rice is harvested, a drainage ditch is formed in the field, phosphate fertilizer is applied to the field in 12 months to promote the growth of the milk vetch, and the milk vetch is ploughed and returned to the field when the biomass of the milk vetch is maximum in 4 months in the next year.

Preferably, the S1 specifically includes: applying fertilizer after 15 days, then applying shallow water for 3 days, and sterilizing the field.

Preferably, the S2 specifically includes: the seedling feeding amount per mu of the crabs is 800-1000, and the specifications of the crabs are 120-160/kg; and (4) transplanting the crabs after putting the crabs for 2 days, wherein the transplanting specification is 4 x 9 inches.

Preferably, the food fed in S3 is one or more of bean cake, sorghum, rapeseed cake and silage corn.

Preferably, said S4 further comprises: and (5) deepening the field water level to 3-5cm, and fishing the dead crabs in time.

Preferably, after S5, the method further comprises: the water depth is increased to about 10cm above the field surface.

Preferably, S6 specifically includes: naturally drying the field water, keeping the drought for 2 to 3 days, adding 2 to 3cm of water, naturally drying, adding water again, and repeating the steps for 3 to 5 times.

Preferably, S7 specifically includes: and applying a seedling promoting fertilizer by using an unmanned aerial vehicle in the field 5-7 days before the first crop of rice is harvested.

Preferably, the S9 specifically includes: beginning in 10 months, keeping the irrigation water level of the field surface at 3-5cm, naturally drying after irrigation, then irrigating again, keeping the field dry, wet and wet, frequently irrigating horse race water, and keeping the irrigation water level at 3-5cm; and naturally drying the water in the rice field until 10 late ten days, and carrying out aerial sowing on the astragalus sinicus seeds by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Preferably, the pesticide is applied once in the breach period of rice to prevent and control borers, rice planthoppers and banded sclerotial blight, and the pesticide application mode is unmanned aerial vehicle spraying.

Has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a rice crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: modifying a rice field, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, returning green manure to the field, fertilizing and leveling the field, sterilizing and changing the bottom, feeding crabs into the field, transplanting seedlings, harvesting the first crop, changing the bottom and detoxifying, fattening and recapturing, planting green manure, harvesting the second crop and recycling. The scheme takes rice as a core, crabs serve the rice, and green manure planting is added for one season. The rice has two purposes, and the planting and the breeding are combined, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the land resources are efficiently utilized, and the rice is ecological and environment-friendly; but also greatly reduces the labor intensity, prolongs the growth period of the crabs cultured in the paddy field, and is beneficial to improving the quality of agricultural products (grains and crabs) and increasing the additional value of the paddy field production. Not only effectively ensuring the planting area of the rice field, but also increasing the rice yield and improving the rice quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the ecological cycle planting and breeding method of rice and crab manure provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method provided by the invention, which comprises the following steps:

s3, feeding the river crabs at fixed time and fixed point every day;

s6, starting to dry the field intermittently in the last ten days of the month 6, and increasing the water level of the field surface to 10-20 cm;

s8, beginning to catch crabs in the last ten days of the month 9;

s9, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the dry field in 10 months;

The scheme combines the renewable rice and the rice field crab culture technology to form the combination of rice, crab and renewable rice, and increases the innovation mode of the ecological culture and culture technology of winter green manure planting. Rice is used as a core, crabs serve the rice, and green manure is added for planting. The rice has two purposes, and the rice is cultivated and cultivated, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, land resources are efficiently utilized, and the rice is ecological and environment-friendly; but also greatly reduces the labor intensity, prolongs the growth period of the crabs cultured in the paddy field, and is beneficial to improving the quality of agricultural products (grains and crabs) and increasing the additional value of the paddy field production. The rice bag not only effectively ensures the planting area of the rice field, increases the rice yield, but also improves the rice quality and protects Chinese people. Meanwhile, the water consumption is low in the mode, the excellent rice variety is selected, the rice field is not damaged, the cultivation of one batch of crabs is increased, and meanwhile, the whole process of the rice field is mechanically operated; the labor cost input is reduced while the rice field income is increased, the output value of the rice is increased, and the rice field income is comprehensively increased; simultaneously because the ridge is heightened, the rice field holds more than 50% to the upper limit increase of rainwater, has limitedly reduced the production of surface runoff, reduces agricultural non-point source pollution and is favorable to the straw returning, reduces the pollution risk of rice field to the surrounding environment. Realizes the comprehensive and efficient utilization of the rice field, has high benefit, low production cost and the synergistic development of economic benefit and environmental benefit.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

3, raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the bottom of 3 months, and selecting high-quality and high-efficiency rice varieties. Ploughing in the last ten days of 4 months when the biomass of the astragalus sinicus is maximum, and soaking the field in water; fertilizing (applying all fertilizers once) in the middle ten days of 4 months, ploughing, soaking the field in shallow water for 3 days, thoroughly sterilizing the field, and then putting crabs, wherein the per mu seedling feeding amount of the crabs is 800-1000, and the specification of the crabs is 120-160/kg; after putting the crabs for 2 days, transplanting seedlings by a seedling transplanter, wherein the seedling transplanting specification is 4 x 9 inches; after the transplanting is finished, feeding crabs, regularly feeding river crabs (bean cakes, vegetable cakes, silage corns and the like) at fixed points every day, and observing the eating health condition of the river crabs.

After 15-18 days of putting seedlings, feeding no food or water during the shelling period, feeding water again after the shelling is finished, slowly increasing the field water level to 3-5cm, and fishing dead crabs in time after the shelling has a 20% death rate;

30-40 days after transplanting, crab seedlings can be hulled for the second time, no food or water is fed during hulling, and after hulling is finished, food and water are fed again, at the moment, the air temperature is raised, the seedlings are sealed and grow high, the water level of the field surface needs to be increased, the water depth is increased to about 10cm of the field surface, the water temperature of the field is ensured, and escape-proof facilities are regularly observed;

and (4) beginning to dry the field in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the field drying is intermittent field drying: naturally drying the field water for 2-3 days, then adding water for 2-3cm, naturally drying, adding water, and drying and wetting the field for 3-5 times; in the process, the water level in the culture ditch is flush with or slightly lower than the surface of the field. After the field is sunned, the high-temperature season is entered, the water level of the field surface is increased to 10-20 cm, and water is replenished periodically;

no water is added to the field until the bottom of 7 months, the water level in the field is naturally dried, an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for applying a seedling promoting fertilizer in the field 5-7 days before the rice is harvested, the first crop of rice is harvested in the middle ten days of 8 months, the height of the harvested stubble is 40cm, and the straws are not crushed; and (4) after harvesting, immediately watering the field, wherein the water feeding depth is about 10cm, and performing bottom-breaking disinfection on the field.

Beginning to catch crabs in the last ten days of 9 months, and finishing the catching of the crabs after 10 to 15 days.

And starting in 10 months, keeping the water level of field surface irrigation at 3-5cm, naturally drying after irrigation, then irrigating again, keeping the field dry, wet and wet, frequently irrigating with running horse water, and keeping the water level of irrigation at 3-5 cm. Naturally drying the water in the rice field until 10 th month later, and carrying out aerial sowing on the astragalus sinicus seeds by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; harvesting the second crop of the rice in 11 middle-month ten days, and crushing the straws and returning the straws to the field; and (3) after the rice is harvested, a drainage ditch is opened in the field, phosphate fertilizer is applied to the field in 12 months to promote the growth of the milk vetch, and the milk vetch is ploughed and returned to the field when the biomass of the milk vetch is maximum in 4 months in the next year.

The invention relates to a high-efficiency circular planting and breeding mode for rice fields, which comprises the following steps: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) regenerating rice-crab-fertilizer mode, wherein microorganisms in the green manure purple cloud decomposition process can be used as natural bait of crabs, green manure straws converted by the crabs contain rich organic matters, soil can be fertilized more easily, the application of chemical fertilizer can be reduced when the rice is planted, and the yield of the rice can be improved; meanwhile, the river crabs can forage weeds and pests in the rice field, and the use of herbicides and insecticides is reduced. The breeding of the crabs improves the quality of the rice, increases the purchase price of the rice, greatly increases the income of the rice field while reducing manpower and chemical first entering while fertilizing the soil, and reduces the pollution risk to the environment of the rice field. Meanwhile, the planting of the regenerated rice has two purposes, and the planting and the breeding are combined, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the land resources are efficiently utilized, and the ecological environment is protected; but also greatly reduces the labor intensity, prolongs the growth period of the crabs raised in the paddy field, improves the quality of agricultural products (grains and crabs) and increases the additional value of paddy field production. The mode embodies the quality value and ecological value of river crab rice and rice crab rice and regenerated rice, ensures grain yield from three aspects of yield, quality and ecology and increases rice benefit.

In one particular implementation scenario:

1. transformation of rice field

20-30 mu rice field is used as a culture unit, and the culture unit requires sufficient peripheral irrigation water source, good water quality and convenient irrigation and drainage. And (3) leveling the field blocks in the cultivation units, wherein the height difference is less than or equal to 3cm, utilizing or adjusting the original irrigation and drainage ditches of the rice field, and carrying out reconstruction, wherein the width of the ditches is 40-60cm, the depth of the ditches is 40cm, and the ditches are shaped like Chinese characters 'hui', or are crossed. Heightening, widening and tamping ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is preferably more than 50cm higher than the field surface, and the top width of the ridges is not less than 50cm. Does not damage the farmland structure and does not reduce the planting area. Planting and breeding the unit and planting between the unit well row and irrigate the ditch, arrange and irrigate the house separately, every planting and breeding the unit and can carry out single row single irrigation.

2. Seed selection and seedling raising

3, raising seedlings at the bottom of the month, selecting an industrial greenhouse for raising the seedlings, and selecting a high-quality and high-yield regenerated rice variety (such as Huaxia Xiangsi and Fengshi Yongxiang 1) suitable for the conditions of the northwest Hubei climate.

3. Returning green manure to field

And (4) ploughing by using a tractor when the biomass of the milk vetch grows to the maximum in the beginning of 4 months, and watering for 3-5cm in the field after ploughing to promote the decomposition of the milk vetch.

4. Fertilizing and field flattening

And (4) fertilizing the planting field blocks (applying all fertilizers at one time) within 4 months and 15 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 40 kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage after fertilizing, and then putting the field in a horizontal field with the field water level depth of 2-3cm.

5. Sterilizing modified bottom

6. Feeding the crabs into the field

The crabs are directly put into the field after being soaked in water for 3 days, the temporary culture process is omitted, the appearance of the crabs is uniform, the limbs are complete, the body color is light, dirt is not hung, the vitality is high, and the specification is 60-80 crabs/jin. The crabs should enter the planting field within 48 hours after water is discharged, and the seedling throwing amount is 800-1000 per mu. The crabs are firstly disinfected by saline water or potassium permanganate before entering the field and then are put into the water area of the cultivation field. Feeding the crabs for two days after the crabs enter the field, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the weight of the fed crabs, and the feeding is performed at fixed points, and the bait is preferably bean cakes. The pond (pond) is patrolled every day to observe the activity foraging condition of the juvenile crabs. According to the 3-year breeding condition of professional technical cooperation of autumn music in Anluo city \27921s, in the plain hilly areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the shelling period of the crabs is stabilized at 15-18 days, which is superior to that in the northern area. Can stably shell for 2 times within 40 days, and provides a prerequisite foundation for culturing the crabs in the rice field.

7. Rice transplanting

After the crabs are thrown for 1 to 2 days, the field is transplanted, the transplanting mode is that a transplanting machine transplants the seedlings, the transplanting specification is 4 x 9 inches, 1 is reserved for 5 transplanting or 1 is reserved for 6 transplanting unlike the transplanting of the conventional rice and crab field, and the field water level is kept to be 1 to 2cm when the seedlings are transplanted.

8. Management of field

After the seedlings turn green and survive, slowly adding water to 3-5cm in the field, gradually increasing the water level along with the growth of the seedlings, after the seedlings are sealed and move, namely about 40 days after the seedlings are planted, the air temperature is high, the seedlings are large, the field water depth can be increased to 5-10 cm of the field surface, the field water temperature is ensured, and after the rice is pulled out and the ears are pregnant, the field water level is increased to 20cm. When meeting thunderstorm weather in summer, the water is changed in a circulating mode at proper time, dissolved oxygen in the water is increased, and the river crabs are prevented from being anoxic and dead. At this time, the feeding amount of the river crabs is based on the principle that a little residue is left for no more feeding according to 4 hours after feeding or 6 o' clock before the next day, and the rest is fed less next time, carefully observed, flexibly adjusted, and mastered in terms of fixed point, timing and variable amount. The feeding times are only needed once every evening before the middle ten days of 8 months, namely, on the premise that the river crabs cannot find food in the daytime. The river crabs grow out at night in the daytime from the beginning of putting into the cultivation to the middle and late ten days of 8 months, namely, the river crabs are hidden in the soil and do not move in the daytime, and the river crabs grow out for foraging after sunset at night. Generally, food in the inner part cannot find food in the water. Once the river crabs find food on the sides of the river crabs to reach a certain amount, the feeding amount is increased. The river crabs have very obvious migratory time, and start to swim to the shore at the beginning of 9 months after being fattened normally to 7. Namely, the seven-upper eight-lower. The habit is also that in the process of preventing escape from cultivation, water inlets are mainly prevented before July of the lunar calendar, and water outlets are mainly prevented in August.

9. Bait selection

The bait quality is a mark of the growth speed of the river crabs, and the bait can be selected from the following three categories: firstly, the synthetic bait can absorb crude protein and ensure that the content of the crude protein is about 30; secondly, grains such as bean cake, sorghum, corn, wheat and the like; and thirdly, marine trash fish, freshwater fish, animal leftovers and the like.

10. Expelling natural enemies

With the emphasis of the country on the ecological environment, the ecological environment is better than the former, the sky is bluer, the water is greener, and the number of birds is more. The pond of the rice field is everywhere the figure of the omnivorous birds such as aigrette, wild duck, cormorant and the like which are natural enemies of the rice field planting, and water rats and weasels are added. However, the river crabs cannot propagate in the rice field by themselves, so that one river crab is eaten by a natural enemy but one river crab is eaten by the natural enemy, particularly, in the period from the time when the juvenile crabs enter the field to the time when the seedlings are closed, the vegetation in the field is rare, and the rice is low, so that an effective sheltering space cannot be provided for the river crabs. So the protection and the driving of the natural enemies are particularly important. Birds are driven by scarecrow, bird-driving colored ribbons, horns and cover nets; the rat repelling is mainly carried out by using a rat sticking plate; the fish is cleaned before throwing the fry.

11. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

Because the weeds in the rice field are basically controlled by the river crabs during the cultivation of the river crabs, the disease and insect pests of the rice field are lighter than those of the common rice field, the herbicide is not needed in the whole rice growing period, the herbicide is used only once in the rice break period to prevent and control stem borers, rice planthoppers and banded sclerotial blight, the dosage of each mu is 40 ml of chlorantraniliprole, 80 ml of bacillus subtilis and 40 ml of pymetrozine, and the pesticide application mode is unmanned aerial vehicle spraying.

12. Sprout-promoting fertilizer application

And (3) applying a bud promoting fertilizer by using an unmanned aerial vehicle 7 days before the first crop of rice is harvested, namely 7 months later, wherein the fertilizer is urea, and the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu.

13. Harvesting the first crop

No water is added in the field until the bottom of 7 months, the water level in the field is naturally dried, the first crop of rice is harvested in the middle ten days of 8 months, the height of the harvested stubble is 40cm, and the straws are not crushed and are used as the places for the river crabs to shade and forage in summer; and (3) applying a seedling promoting fertilizer by using an unmanned aerial vehicle 5-7 days before harvesting the rice, and controlling the water in the field after harvesting to be about 10cm deep.

14. Detoxication with improved bottom

Due to high temperature, the straw is decomposed quickly, the field water body is deteriorated in the decomposition process, and the field water body needs to be disinfected and decomposed within 2-3 days after the rice is harvested.

15. Fattening recapture

In late 8 months, the juvenile stage of the river crabs is the phenological maturity stage of the river crabs, the growth of the river crabs shifts to a weight increasing fattening stage, and the river crabs start to fatten after going to the shore in the early 9 months, and 100-150 kilograms of the river crabs are fattened per mu. Feeding synthetic material, trash fish, river snail, animal leftovers, new corn and other grains for rapid fattening.

The river crabs begin to be recaptured at the bottom of 9 months, and the recapture of the crabs is completed within 10 to 15 days; the recapture is mainly carried out by using a ground cage which is placed in the crab ditch, the water level in the ditch is ensured to be 20-30cm, and the recapture rate of the ground cage is 75-80%.

16. Planting green manure

And slowly drying the water in the field in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and performing moistening management in the field. After the field moisture is drained, planting the milk vetch as the green manure by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 1.5-2kg. After the second crop of the ratoon rice is harvested, furrowing and ridging are carried out in the field, wherein the depth of furrows is 20-30cm, and the width of the ridges is 2-3 m. Spreading calcium superphosphate in the field in the middle ten days of 12 months, wherein the dosage per mu is 15-20kg.

17. Second crop harvesting

And (4) finishing the crab recapture in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, draining the crab ditch, harvesting the second crop of rice in the middle and last 11 months, and returning the total amount of rice straws to the field.

Has the beneficial effects that:

economic benefits are as follows: 600kg of high-quality rice per mu, 200kg of regenerated rice, 20kg of commercial crabs and more than 3800 yuan per mu are produced in a demonstration area of a professional cooperative society of agriculture technology in autumn of the towns, hubei Anluo city, 27921.

Wherein, the whole demonstration area is mechanically produced in the whole process, the production efficiency is improved by more than 5 times compared with the prior art, and the labor cost per mu is reduced by 100 yuan; the pesticide application times are reduced by 2-3 times, and the cost per mu of pesticide is reduced by more than 50 yuan; the purchase price of the crab field rice is 0.4-0.6 yuan/kg higher than that of the conventional rice, the purchase price of the second crop of ratoon rice is 3.6 kg/yuan, and the income per mu of paddy is increased by about 1000 yuan; the market price of the commercial crabs is 40-60 yuan/kg, and the income per mu is increased by 400 yuan; the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of the regenerated rice, the crabs and the fertilizer realizes the comprehensive income increase of about 1500 yuan per mu of rice field. The economic benefit is remarkable.

Environmental benefits: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 2-3 kg/mu, the phosphorus is reduced by 1 kg/mu, and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is respectively reduced by 64% and 44%; the runoff is reduced by more than 50 percent; water resources are saved by more than 20%; the organic matter of the soil is improved by more than 5 percent; the application amount of the pesticide is reduced by more than 30 percent, and the application frequency is reduced by 1 time. The environmental benefit is remarkable.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s3, feeding the river crabs at fixed time and fixed point every day;

s5, feeding no food and supplementing water when the crabs enter a second shelling period, and feeding and supplementing water to the water depth of 10cm after shelling is finished;

s8, beginning to catch crabs in the last ten days of the month 9;

s9, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the dry field in 10 months;

2. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the S1 specifically comprises: applying fertilizer after 15 days, applying shallow water to soak the field for 3 days, and sterilizing the field.

3. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the S2 specifically comprises: the seedling feeding amount per mu of the crabs is 800-1000, and the specifications of the crabs are 120-160/kg; transplanting the crabs after being placed for 2 days, wherein the transplanting specification is 4 x 9 inches.

4. The rice and crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the food fed in S3 is one or more of bean cake, bean curd, sorghum, rapeseed cake, and silage corn.

5. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, further comprising after the S4: and (4) deepening the field water level to 3-5cm, and fishing out the dead crabs in time.

6. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, further comprising after the S5: the water depth is increased to about 10cm above the field surface.

7. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the S6 specifically comprises: naturally drying the field water, keeping the drought for 2-3 days, then watering for 2-3cm, naturally drying, watering again, and repeating the steps for 3-5 times.

8. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the S7 specifically comprises: and applying a seedling promoting fertilizer by using an unmanned aerial vehicle in the field 5-7 days before the first crop of rice is harvested.

9. The rice and crab manure ecological cycle planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the S9 specifically comprises: beginning in 10 months, keeping the irrigation water level of the field surface at 3-5cm, naturally drying after irrigation, then irrigating again, keeping the field dry, wet and wet, frequently irrigating horse race water, and keeping the irrigation water level at 3-5cm; and naturally drying the water in the rice field until 10 th of the month, and carrying out aerial sowing on the astragalus sinicus seeds by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.

10. The rice crab fertilizer ecological cycle planting and breeding method of claim 1, wherein the pesticide is applied once in the break period of rice to prevent borers, rice planthoppers and banded sclerotial blight, and the pesticide application mode is unmanned aerial vehicle spraying.