CN115349580B - Feeding substrate and artificial feeding method for aphids with tube - Google Patents
Feeding substrate and artificial feeding method for aphids with tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN115349580B CN115349580B CN202211093489.2A CN202211093489A CN115349580B CN 115349580 B CN115349580 B CN 115349580B CN 202211093489 A CN202211093489 A CN 202211093489A CN 115349580 B CN115349580 B CN 115349580B
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- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000721621 Myzus persicae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003031 feeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000077995 Coix lacryma jobi Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001481659 Syrphidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001466042 Fulgoromorpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209072 Sorghum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
A feeding substrate and artificial feeding method of the aphid with tube, said feeding substrate of the aphid with tube, use corn as main raw materials to make; the invention also comprises an artificial breeding method of the aphis griseus by using the breeding substrate. The feeding substrate for the aphids with the tube has low cost, simple acquisition and good feeding effect; the method is simple, and can be used for breeding a large amount of aphids in the room so as to pollinate facility agriculture and field crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feeding substrate and a feeding method for aphid feeding, in particular to a feeding substrate and a feeding method for aphid with tube.
Background
Aphid eating can be classified into predatory, decay and plant feeding types according to the feeding habits of larvae. The predatory aphid larvae can predate aphids, scale insects, plant hoppers and other pests, and are important natural enemy insects. The larvae of the aphis putrescentialis feed on rotten organic matters such as animal carcasses, animal excrements and the like, and are decomposers of an ecological system. The larvae of the phytophagous aphid eat the tissues such as roots, stems, leaves and the like of the plants, and part of the larvae are pests.
Ash-carrying tube aphidEristalis cerealis) Belongs to Diptera (Diptera) Aphis aphis belonging to Syrphidae (Syrphidae) genusEristslis latleille, 1804), is a humic aphid; the development of the Aphis griseus Pietschneid is divided into 4 stages of oo, larva, pupa and adult, wherein the larva stage can be divided into 1-stage larva, 2-stage larva and 3-stage larva. Larvae feed on putrefying organic matters or livestock manure, and adults feed on pollen and nectar, which are important pollinating insects in nature.
In recent years, artificial feeding research on predatory aphids is relatively more, such as broadband predatory aphids, black stripe aphids and the like. The adults of predatory aphids and putrescence aphids have the habit of flower visiting, and the larvae are quite different; the predatory aphid larvae are provided with sucking mouthparts to suck the juice of aphids to obtain nutrition, and the mouthparts of the predatory aphid larvae are different from the predatory aphid larvae and cannot predate the aphids. At present, the artificial feeding of the aphis putrescentialis is hardly studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a feeding substrate and an artificial feeding method for the aphids with the dust pipes, which can realize mass propagation of the aphids with the dust pipes.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a feeding matrix for aphids with dust tubes is characterized by being prepared from rice serving as a main raw material.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the cooled and sanded rice and cold water in a container, enabling the water surface to be soaked by the rice, sealing, and storing at 20-30 ℃ for more than two days. After the rice is immersed in water and stored in a sealing way, the water on the surface is clear and has faint scent. The feeding substrate for the myzus persicae comprises treated cereal grains (i.e. solid matter) and a small amount of clear liquid. The rice in the form of a sandwich is obtained by boiling or steaming.
Preferably, the rice is boiled in a pot with cold water until the water is boiled, and the rice is continuously boiled for 3-5 minutes to obtain the clipped rice; the clipped rice husk is complete.
The artificial breeding method for the aphids with the tube flies using the breeding substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the egg acquisition method comprises the following steps: placing male and female adult aphids with tube aphids in an insect raising cage, and feeding the adult aphids with crushed pollen, 10-20wt% of honey water, 8-15wt% of sucrose water and clear water; respectively soaking honey water, sucrose water and clear water in porous water-absorbing materials, wherein no clear water exists in the insect-raising cage; the insect raising cage is internally provided with an insect raising box A filled with raising matrixes and water, the liquid level in the insect raising box A is 0.8-1.5 cm lower than the surface of the solid substance, and water is timely added when the liquid level is too low; after the aphid with the tube fly spawns in the insect culturing box A, covering the insect culturing box A, reserving ventilation holes and waiting for hatching; the insect cage can be made of breathable materials by self, and can also be purchased for products sold in the market; when the liquid level in the insect-raising box A is too high or the insect-raising cage is filled with open water, the adults are easy to die;
the larva raising method comprises the following steps: after the larvae hatch, increasing the liquid level in the insect-raising box A for raising; when the larvae grow to 0.4-0.6 cm in length, transferring the larvae into an insect-raising box B filled with raising matrixes and water, wherein the liquid level in the insect-raising box B is higher than the surface of a solid substance; when the liquid level in the insect raising box B is too low, raising failure can be caused;
the method for collecting the pupae comprises the following steps: placing the insect-raising box B above a plane paved with sand and having an area larger than the bottom surface of the insect-raising box B, and collecting pupa from the sand when the larvae climb out of the insect-raising box B to enter the sand to pupate; the aphid larvae with the tube fly pupate after 3 years, and the insect raising box B is put above the sand in time according to the growth condition of the larvae;
the eclosion method of the pupae comprises the following steps: storing the pupae under the condition of 50-60% of humidity, and obtaining the adult after the pupae eclosion; the preservation environment is ensured to be free of clear water.
Preferably, the thickness of the solid matters in the insect-raising box A is 2-4 cm.
Preferably, after the larvae are hatched, water is added to enable the height difference between the liquid level in the insect-raising box A and the surface of the solid matters to be smaller than 0.2cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the solid matters in the insect breeding box B is 0.8-2 cm.
Preferably, the liquid level in the insect-raising box B is 0.5-1.5 cm higher than the surface of the solid substance.
Preferably every 30 dm 3 80-130 adult aphids with tube aphids are placed in the space of the insect raising cage, the proportion of male to female is 0.9-1.1:1, and the area of the bottom surface of the corresponding insect raising box A is 25-35 cm 2 。
Preferably, in the insect-raising box B, every 100cm 2 70-90 larvae are placed on the bottom surface area of the box body.
Preferably, the particle size of the ground pollen is less than 100 mesh.
Preferably, the porous water absorbing material is one or more of cotton balls, non-woven fabrics and sponges.
Preferably, the thickness of the sand is 0.8-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the sand has a particle size of less than 1.5mm.
Preferably, the water content of the sand is 5-10wt%.
Preferably, the temperature in the feeding process is 16-32 ℃.
After the adults are obtained by the method, the method can be circulated to obtain a large number of adults of the aphids with the dust belt.
The feeding substrate for the aphids with the dust pipes, which is the most suitable feeding substrate for the aphids with the dust pipes, is found by the inventor from various feeding substrates, has good feeding effect, can be used from the egg stage to the whole larva stage, does not need to provide nutrient substances except water when in use, and obviously reduces the feeding difficulty; additives can be additionally added on the basis of the invention if necessary, so that the effects of prolonging the preservation time, preventing diseases and the like are achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The feeding substrate for the aphids with the tube has low cost, simple acquisition and good feeding effect;
(2) The method is simple, and can be used for breeding a large amount of aphids in the room so as to pollinate facility agriculture and field crops.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The starting materials used in the examples of the present invention were all obtained by conventional commercial means.
Example 1
The feeding substrate for the aphids with dust in the embodiment is prepared from paddy as a main raw material. Firstly, cleaning rice, putting the rice into a pot, boiling the rice with water, and boiling the rice for 4 minutes; pouring the cooked rice into a container, washing with cold water to normal temperature, adding water into the container to submerge the rice, covering with a cover, sealing, and standing at 25deg.C for two days to obtain the culture medium. The feeding substrate for the myzus persicae comprises treated cereal grains (i.e. solid matter) and a small amount of clear liquid.
The temperature of the whole breeding process of the embodiment is 24+/-1 ℃, and the adopted artificial breeding method for the aphids with the tube is as follows:
the egg acquisition method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a 30cm multiplied by 30cm insect breeding cage by using gauze with the aperture size of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, putting 50 heads (100 heads in total) of adult female and male aphids with tube aphids into the insect breeding cage, and feeding the adult insects with crushed pollen (sieving with a 100-mesh sieve), 15wt% of honey water, 10wt% of sucrose water and clear water; the honey water, the sucrose water and the clear water are respectively soaked in the cotton balls, and no clear water exists in the insect raising cage; a round insect-raising box A with the height of 7cm and the radius of 3cm and containing raising matrix and water is arranged in the insect-raising cage, the thickness of solid matters in the insect-raising box A is 3cm, the liquid level is 1cm lower than the surface of the solid matters (namely, the liquid level is 2 cm), and water is added in time when the liquid level descends; after the aphid with the tube fly spawns in the insect-raising box A, the insect-raising box A is covered (the cover is provided with ventilation holes) and the insect-raising box A waits for hatching;
the larva raising method comprises the following steps: after the larvae hatch, the liquid level in the insect raising box A is added to be flush with the solid matter for raising; when the larvae grow to be 0.4-0.6 cm in length, transferring to the bottom surface with the area of 348.75 and 348.75 cm 2 In square insect-raising box B (young is placed in each box)250-280 insects), wherein the thickness of the solid matters in the insect breeding box B is 1cm, and the liquid level is 0.5cm higher than the surface of the solid matters;
the method for collecting the pupae comprises the following steps: placing the insect-raising box B above a tray paved with sand with the thickness of 1cm and the area larger than the bottom surface of the insect-raising box B, and collecting pupa from the sand when the larvae climb out of the insect-raising box B to enter the sand to pupate; the grain diameter of the sand is less than 1.5mm, and the water content of the sand is 5wt%;
the eclosion method of the pupae comprises the following steps: storing the pupae under the condition of 50-60% of humidity, and obtaining the adult after the pupae eclosion; the preservation environment is ensured to be free of clear water.
The breeding conditions of the aphids in the present example are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Aphis Graveolens breeding conditions (24.+ -. 1 ℃ C.)
| Early spawning/d | 16.3±0.7d |
| Spawning period/d | 4±0.3d |
| Egg laying amount/grain | 100 to 150 grains |
| Egg stage/d | 1.9±0.5d |
| Hatchability/% | 95±0.5% |
| Larval stage/d | 19.3±0.4d |
| Pupation rate/% | 81±0.14% |
| Pupal stage/d | 7.2±0.4d |
| Rate of emergence/% | 90±0.2% |
Example 2
The feeding substrate for the aphids with dust in the embodiment is prepared from paddy as a main raw material. Firstly, washing rice, putting the rice into a pot, adding water, and steaming for 2 minutes; pouring steamed rice into a container, cooling to normal temperature, adding water into the container to submerge rice, covering with a cover, and standing at 26deg.C for three days to obtain a feeding matrix. The feeding substrate for the myzus persicae comprises treated cereal grains (i.e. solid matter) and a small amount of clear liquid.
The temperature of the whole breeding process of the embodiment is 20+/-1 ℃, and the adopted artificial breeding method for the aphids with the tube is as follows:
the egg acquisition method comprises the following steps: the volume of the use is 50dm 3 Placing 75 adult aphids (150 heads in total) of male and female ash with tube aphids in the insect cage, and feeding the adult aphids with crushed pollen (sieved by a 100-mesh sieve), 10wt% of honey water, 15wt% of sucrose water and clear water; the honey water, the sucrose water and the clear water are respectively soaked in the non-woven fabric sheet, and no clear water exists in the insect raising cage; the insect raising cage is provided with a bottom surface area of 50 and 50 cm 2 The square insect-culturing box A is filled with a culturing substrate and water, the thickness of solid matters in the insect-culturing box A is 2.5cm, the liquid level is 1.5cm lower than the surface of the solid matters (namely, the liquid level is 1 cm), and water is added in time when the liquid level descends; after the aphid with the tube fly spawns in the insect-raising box A, the insect-raising box A is covered (the cover is provided with ventilation holes) and the insect-raising box A waits for hatching;
the larva raising method comprises the following steps: after the larvae hatch, the liquid level in the insect raising box A is added to be flush with the solid matter for raising; transferring when the larvae grow to be 0.4-0.6 cm in lengthTo bottom surface area 200.96 cm 2 In the insect-raising box B filled with raising substrate and water (150-180 larvae are placed in each box), the thickness of solid matters in the insect-raising box B is 1.5cm, and the liquid level is 1.5cm higher than the surface of the solid matters;
the method for collecting the pupae comprises the following steps: placing the insect-raising box B above a table top which is tiled with sand with the thickness of 1.5 and cm and the area of which is larger than the bottom surface of the insect-raising box B, and collecting pupa from the sand when the larvae climb out of the insect-raising box B to enter the sand to pupate; the grain diameter of the sand is less than 1.5mm, and the water content of the sand is 10wt%;
the eclosion method of the pupae comprises the following steps: storing the pupae under the condition of 50-60% of humidity, and obtaining the adult after the pupae eclosion; the preservation environment is ensured to be free of clear water.
The breeding conditions of the aphids in the present example are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Aphis Graveolentis breeding conditions (20+ -1 ℃ C.)
| Early spawning/d | 18.5±0.7d |
| Spawning period/d | 5.0±0.3d |
| Egg laying amount/grain | 90-110 granules |
| Egg stage/d | 4.3±0.2d |
| Hatchability/% | 90±0.15% |
| Larval stage/d | 22±1.2d |
| Pupation rate/% | 77.18±0.02% |
| Pupal stage/d | 11.3±0.8d |
| Rate of emergence/% | 82.05±0.13% |
Example 3
The feeding substrate for the aphids with dust in the embodiment is prepared from paddy as a main raw material. Firstly, cleaning rice, putting the rice into a pot, boiling the rice with water, and boiling the rice for 5 minutes; pouring the cooked rice into a container, washing with cold water to normal temperature, adding water into the container to submerge the rice, sealing, and standing at 27deg.C for two days to obtain the culture medium. The feeding substrate for the myzus persicae comprises treated cereal grains (i.e. solid matter) and a small amount of clear liquid.
The temperature of the whole breeding process of the embodiment is 30+/-1 ℃, and the adopted artificial breeding method for the aphids with the tube is as follows:
the egg acquisition method comprises the following steps: the volume of the use is 20dm 3 Placing 40 heads (total 80 heads) of adult female and male aphids with tube aphids in the insect rearing cage, and feeding the adult with crushed pollen (sieved by a 100-mesh sieve), 20wt% of honey water, 8wt% of sucrose water and clear water; the honey water, the sucrose water and the clear water are respectively immersed in the sponge sheets, and no clear water exists in the insect raising cage; the insect raising cage is provided with a bottom surface with an area of 18.84 and 18.84 cm 2 The oval insect-culturing box A is filled with a culturing substrate and water, the thickness of solid matters in the insect-culturing box A is 4cm, the liquid level is 0.8cm lower than the surface of the solid matters (namely, the liquid level is 3.2 cm), and water is added in time when the liquid level descends; after the aphid with the tube fly spawns in the insect-raising box A, the insect-raising box A is covered (the cover is provided with ventilation holes) and the insect-raising box A waits for hatching;
larva raising formulaThe method comprises the following steps: after the larvae hatch, the liquid level in the insect raising box A is added to be flush with the solid matter for raising; when the larvae grow to a length of 0.4-0.6 cm, transferring to a bottom surface area of 500 cm 2 In the insect-raising box B filled with raising substrate and water (350-400 larvae are placed in each box), the thickness of solid matters in the insect-raising box B is 2cm, and the liquid level is 1.2cm higher than the surface of the solid matters;
the method for collecting the pupae comprises the following steps: placing the insect-raising box B above a platform which is tiled with sand with the thickness of 0.8 and cm and the area of which is larger than the bottom surface of the insect-raising box B, and collecting pupa from the sand when the larvae climb out of the insect-raising box B to enter the sand to pupate; the grain diameter of the sand is less than 1.5mm, and the water content of the sand is 5wt%;
the eclosion method of the pupae comprises the following steps: storing the pupae under the condition of 50-60% of humidity, and obtaining the adult after the pupae eclosion; the preservation environment is ensured to be free of clear water.
The breeding conditions of the aphids in the present example are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Aphis Graveolentis breeding conditions (30+ -1 ℃ C.)
| Early spawning/d | 9.3±0.7d |
| Spawning period/d | 3.8±0.6d |
| Egg laying amount/grain | 70-110 granules |
| Egg stage/d | 1.5±0.3d |
| Hatchability/% | 89.56±0.3d |
| Larval stage/d | 14±0.3d |
| Pupation rate/% | 81.33±0.3% |
| Pupal stage/d | 5.3±0.6d |
| Rate of emergence/% | 80±0.6% |
Example 4
In this comparative example, rice was used as a main raw material to prepare a feeding substrate for Aphis griseus, and the boiling time of rice was prolonged relative to that of example 1. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: washing rice, putting into a pot, boiling with water, and boiling for 7 min; pouring cooked rice into container, washing with cold water to room temperature, adding water into container, sealing with cover, standing at 25deg.C, and storing for two days.
The same artificial feeding method as in example 1 was used to feed the myzus persicae and the breeding condition of the myzus persicae was studied. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Aphis Graminea breeding conditions (24.+ -. 1 ℃ C.)
| Early spawning/d | 15.8±0.4d |
| Spawning period/d | 3.8±0.5d |
| Egg laying amount/grain | 76-98 grains |
| Egg stage/d | 1.8±0.3d |
| Hatchability/% | 90±0.2% |
| Larval stage/d | 17.2±0.33d |
| Pupation rate/% | 69±0.28% |
| Pupal stage/d | 6.9±0.4d |
| Rate of emergence/% | 76.5±0.2% |
When the boiling time of rice is too long, some rice grains are exploded. On the prepared feed substrate, the oviposition amount, pupation rate and eclosion rate of the aphid with tube are reduced compared with those of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example
(1) The highland barley, the sorghum and the coix seeds are respectively used as main raw materials to prepare the feed matrix for artificially feeding the aphid with the tube. Sorghum and coix seeds are relatively difficult to cook, highland barley is relatively easy to cook, and the cooking time is properly prolonged or shortened when corresponding feed matrixes are prepared so as to achieve the same cooking degree.
A feed matrix using highland barley as main raw material is prepared by the following steps: cleaning semen Avenae Nudae, decocting in water for 2 min; pouring the boiled highland barley into a container, flushing with cold water to normal temperature, adding water into the container to submerge the highland barley, sealing, and storing at 25deg.C for two days.
A feed matrix using sorghum as a main raw material is prepared by the following steps: washing jowar, decocting in water for 3 min; pouring the boiled sorghum into a container, flushing the boiled sorghum to normal temperature by cold water, adding water into the container to submerge the sorghum, sealing the container, and storing the container at 25 ℃ for two days.
A feed matrix using coix seeds as a main raw material is prepared by the following steps: washing Coicis semen with shell, decocting in water for 5 min; pouring the boiled coix seeds into a container, flushing the container to normal temperature by cold water, adding water into the container to submerge the coix seeds, sealing the container, and preserving the container at 25 ℃ for two days.
(2) The same artificial feeding method as in example 1 was used to feed the myzus persicae with highland barley, sorghum, and pearl barley as the main raw materials, respectively, and the breeding condition of the myzus persicae was studied. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Breeding conditions of Aphis Graveolentis with different feed substrates (24.+ -. 1 ℃ C.)
| Main raw materials of feed matrix | Highland barley | (sorghum) | Coix seed |
| Early spawning/d | 15.8±0.2d | 15.3±0.7d | 17.2±0.33d |
| Spawning period/d | 4±0.12d | 3.5±0.3d | 4±0.51d |
| Egg laying amount/grain | 89-106 granules | 98-131 grains | 75-124 grains |
| Egg stage/d | 1.7±0.2d | 1.9±0.5d | 1.8±0.3d |
| Hatchability/% | 90±0.3% | 93±0.5% | 91±0.2% |
| Larval stage/d | 21.3±0.3d | 23.3±0.14d | 24.3±0.6d |
| Pupation rate/% | 61±0.27% | 73±0.14% | 75±0.38% |
| Pupal stage/d | 8.9±0.1d | 8.4±0.4d | 9.8±0.3d |
| Rate of emergence/% | 51.5±0.28% | 81.5±0.2% | 74.3±0.4% |
It can be seen from the combination of tables 5 and 1 that on the feed substrate prepared with rice, the oviposition amount of Aphis grenadi was maximum, the hatching rate, pupation rate and emergence rate were highest, and the larval stage and pupal stage were shortest. The artificial feeding work of the early spawning period and the spawning period of the aphis griseus is to feed adults, which do not eat the feeding matrix, so that the replacement of the feeding matrix has little influence on the data of the early spawning period and the spawning period.
Claims (7)
1. The artificial feeding method for the aphids with the dust tubes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the egg acquisition method comprises the following steps: placing male and female adult aphids with tube aphids in an insect raising cage, and feeding the adult aphids with crushed pollen, 10-20wt% of honey water, 8-15wt% of sucrose water and clear water; respectively soaking honey water, sucrose water and clear water in porous water-absorbing materials, wherein no clear water exists in the insect-raising cage; the insect raising cage is internally provided with an insect raising box A filled with raising matrix and water, the liquid level in the insect raising box A is 0.8-1.5 cm lower than the surface of the solid substance, and water is added in time when the liquid level is too low; after the aphid with the tube fly spawns in the insect culturing box A, covering the insect culturing box A, reserving ventilation holes and waiting for hatching;
the larva raising method comprises the following steps: after the larvae hatch, increasing the liquid level in the insect-raising box A for raising; when the larvae grow to 0.4-0.6 cm in length, transferring the larvae into an insect-raising box B filled with raising matrixes and water, wherein the liquid level in the insect-raising box B is higher than the surface of a solid substance;
the method for collecting the pupae comprises the following steps: placing the insect-raising box B above a plane paved with sand and having an area larger than the bottom surface of the insect-raising box B, and collecting pupa from the sand when the larvae climb out of the insect-raising box B to enter the sand to pupate;
the eclosion method of the pupae comprises the following steps: storing the pupae under the condition of 50-60% of humidity, and obtaining the adult after the pupae eclosion; the preservation environment needs to ensure no clear water;
the feeding substrate is prepared from rice serving as a main raw material; the preparation method of the feeding substrate comprises the following steps: placing the cooled and clamped rice and cold water in a container, enabling the water surface to be soaked by the rice, sealing, and preserving for more than two days at 20-30 ℃ to obtain the rice; the feeding substrate comprises solid matter and clear liquid;
the clipped rice is obtained by boiling: boiling rice in a pot with cold water until the water is boiling, and continuously boiling for 3-5 minutes to obtain the clipped rice; the clipped rice husk is complete.
2. The artificial feeding method of the aphid with tube fly according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the solid matters in the insect-raising box A is 2-4 cm; after the larvae are hatched, adding water to ensure that the height difference between the liquid level in the insect breeding box A and the surface of the solid matters is less than 0.2cm; the thickness of the solid matters in the insect-raising box B is 0.8-2 cm; the liquid level in the insect-raising box B is 0.5-1.5 cm higher than the surface of the solid matter.
3. The artificial feeding method of aphis griseus of claim 1, wherein every 30 dm 3 80-130 adult aphids with tube aphids are placed in the space of the insect raising cage, the proportion of male to female is 0.9-1.1:1, and the area of the bottom surface of the corresponding insect raising box A is 25-35 cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the insect-raising box B, every 100cm 2 70-90 larvae are placed on the bottom surface area of the culture medium.
4. A method of artificial feeding of myzus persicae as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushed pollen has a particle size of less than 100 mesh.
5. The artificial feeding method of the myzus persicae according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous water absorbing material is one or more of cotton balls, non-woven fabrics and sponges.
6. A method of artificial feeding of myzus persicae as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the sand is 0.8 to 1.5cm; the grain size of the sand is smaller than 1.5mm; the water content of the sand is 5-10wt%.
7. The artificial feeding method of the aphid with tube fly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature of the feeding process is 16 to 32 ℃.
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