CN115211339B - Biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system - Google Patents
Biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241001532704 Azolla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000207867 Pistia stratiotes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006440 Pistia stratiotes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological purification sewage and resource recycling, and particularly relates to an ecological planting and breeding system coupled with biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice, which comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice culture unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit cultures azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish with azolla, and the rice culture unit cultures rice with the fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as nutrients; wherein the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1:6; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5). The biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency of purifying water body by azolla, high feeding value, low cost of fodder utilization, and zero emission of the aquaculture water body, and the aquaculture water body enters a paddy field and is completely absorbed by the paddy field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological purification of sewage and resource recycling, and particularly relates to an ecological planting and breeding system coupled with biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice.
Background
Large amount of fecal sewage is generated in the large-scale cultivation process, and if the fecal sewage is directly discharged, water source pollution or water eutrophication can be caused, so that the ecological environment is damaged. However, in agricultural production, the manure of cultivation is one of the main fertilizer sources of the planting industry. After solid-liquid separation, the solid part of the culture manure can be returned to the field for application after composting and fermentation, and the liquid part is required to be returned to the field for application after anaerobic fermentation in a black film pond and aeration treatment in an AO pond. Generally, the manure produced by the 1-pig in the stock is 2-4 t, so that the manure produced by the large-scale farm is large in yield, and after treatment, a large amount of land is needed for the waste to be consumed if the pig is returned to the field for application. Thus, searching for an alternative approach, technological personnel have developed a lot of work.
The study on the purification treatment of the large-scale cultivation manure by utilizing the aquatic plants is one of effective and feasible treatment methods. The varieties currently utilized are mainly concentrated on water hyacinth, foxtail algae, water lettuce and the like. They have achieved great success in the digestion of aquaculture pollution and purification of eutrophic water, but they have all faced problems in application, such as high water content, low nutritional quality, low feeding value, large individual, difficulty in direct use, high feeding cost and the like, and if not used in time, the dead individual nitrogen, phosphorus and the like can return to the water, and the water quality is influenced or destroyed again. Therefore, even though they have higher water purification efficiency, they cannot be widely popularized at present. Therefore, development of the aquatic plants with high economic utilization value and purification function is imperative. The rice belongs to grain crops, and is planted in a large area in both the north and south, and the water demand in the cultivation process is large, so that the yield of the rice is affected when water is deficient, and even the rice is in harvest. The use of azolla for aquaculture feed has been reported in related studies. Therefore, the invention forms an ecological planting and breeding mode of the biogas-duckweed-fish-rice by utilizing the biogas slurry to cultivate the duckweed, the duckweed to cultivate the fish and the pond water to supply the rice for cultivation, develops a new treatment and utilization mode for sewage utilization of a large-scale farm, and enables the large-scale cultivation to be benign and sustainable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides a biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system which has high feeding value and low feed utilization cost and can realize continuous water purification.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice culture unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit cultures azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish with azolla, and the rice culture unit cultures rice with the fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as nutrients;
wherein the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1:6; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention can effectively utilize ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in biogas slurry - 、Cu 2+ The pollution in the biogas slurry is used as a fertilizer source for the growth of azolla, so that the azolla growth is promoted, the effect of purifying the biogas slurry is achieved, and the produced azolla can be used as a green feed for freshwater fish for feeding while the pollution of the biogas slurry is solved. And the excrement of the freshwater fish is discharged into a paddy field along with pond water and is used as fertilizer for paddy cultivation, so that the recycling multi-stage utilization of the cultivation excrement is realized, and the treatment cost of the excrement of a large-scale cultivation farm is reduced. Meanwhile, the balance among the two is ensured by further limiting the area ratio of the culture pond in the azolla culture unit to the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the area ratio of the culture pond in the fish culture unit to the rice field in the rice culture unit, so that the resource recycling and the sustainable water purification effect are realized.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical contents, the achieved objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be made with reference to the embodiments.
A biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice culture unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit cultures azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish with azolla, and the rice culture unit cultures rice with the fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as nutrients; wherein the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1:6; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5).
In the ecological planting and breeding mode of the biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice, the characteristics of fertilizer in the growth of azolla are utilized, and ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in the biogas slurry can be effectively utilized - 、Cu 2+ The pollution in the biogas slurry is used as a fertilizer source for the growth of azolla, the low-concentration salt content biogas slurry can promote the rapid growth of azolla, the purpose of rapidly purifying the biogas slurry is achieved, the pollution in the biogas slurry is effectively and rapidly absorbed, and the azolla has the characteristics of rapid propagation speed and small individual, and is convenient for fish feeding, so that the azolla can be used as a green feed for freshwater fish culture. The specific use mode is as follows: after the azolla is fully paved on the water surface of the culture pond, the azolla accounting for 20% -30% of the area of the culture pond is fed into the fish culture unit at a frequency of twice daily. The cultured fish also has the problem of water pollution. If the excrement is not treated for a long time, the water body can be eutrophicated, and the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content of the water body is reduced. Therefore, the water body mixed with the fish drainage is continuously introduced into the rice cultivation unit, so that the eutrophic water body in the fish cultivation pond is absorbed by rice to play a role in secondary water purification, and meanwhile, the eutrophic water body can meet daily nutrient requirements of rice (rice), so that the rapid growth of the rice is promoted, and the aims of ecological planting and virtuous circle are fulfilled.
The daily duckweed putting amount is critical to the ecological planting and breeding mode of the duckweed-fishing-rice, and if the daily duckweed putting amount is too small, substances such as ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper ions and the like in the biogas slurry are not transferred along with the duckweed putting process, so that the pollution of the biogas slurry culture in the azolla culture unit is continuously accumulated; if the amount of duckweed is excessively large per day, the amount of duckweed is reduced, and the overall purification efficiency and effect are affected. Therefore, azolla is preferably fed into the fish farming unit daily in an amount of 20% to 30% of the area of the pond.
The natural environment can significantly limit the growth of azolla, such as high temperature, high light, or low temperature. Therefore, the azolla culture pond needs to be automatically sprayed, and the surface of the azolla and the water body are cooled by the automatic spraying, so that the azolla culture pond has a certain effect of reducing the light intensity. Meanwhile, the spores in the duckweed can be effectively flushed to the water surface by the automatic spraying through atomized water drops, so that germination of the spores and growth of the azolla are facilitated. Preferably, the azolla culture pond is cooled by starting automatic spraying when the temperature is 32 ℃. The automatic spraying may be any of the automatic spraying devices commercially available. In the low temperature season, greenhouse facilities are used for heat preservation so as to prevent the seed duckweed from being frozen at low temperature and the seed source from being extinct.
Preferably, the azolla is high-yield and high-tolerance Wen Deka African duckweed (3001), and the fish is preferably golden grass carp.
In one embodiment, in the azolla culture unit, the first amount of biogas slurry is 10% -15% of the total pond capacity of the azolla culture unit, and then the biogas slurry of 10% of the total pond capacity of the azolla culture unit is added into the pond of the azolla culture unit every day.
Further, placing the biogas slurry in a culture pond for 3-4 days after the biogas slurry is put into the pond for the first time, and then adding clear water until the biogas slurry is 20-30 cm away from the mouth of the culture pond. Wherein, the standing is that the culture pond is disinfected and the insecticidal source is killed by utilizing the characteristic of high pH of biogas slurry.
Preferably, the pH of the azolla culture solution obtained by diluting the biogas slurry with clear water is 7.0 or more.
In one embodiment, the azolla culture method specifically comprises the following steps: adding biogas slurry accounting for 10% -15% of the total reservoir capacity of the culture pond into the culture pond, standing for 3-4 days, and then adding clear water until the clear water is 20-30 cm away from the opening of the culture pond. At this time, the pH of the culture medium is measured, and if the pH is 7.0 or more, duckweed is put into the culture pond to be cultured, and if the pH is lower than the pH, the duckweed is cultured after the pH is adjusted. The input amount of the duckweed is preferably 250 kg per mu, namely 375g per square. And then 10 percent of biogas slurry accounting for the total reservoir capacity of the culture pond is injected into the culture pond every day so as to maintain the content of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body.
Preferably, the azolla culture unit is communicated with the fish culture unit by means of a buried pipe. Wherein, the pipe orifice of the buried pipe is preferably rotatable, the highest point of the pipe orifice is 5 to 10 centimeters higher than the water level, and the lowest point is lower than the water level. Thus when the azolla is full of the pond (the azolla is fully covered on the water surface of the culture pond), the pipe orifice is rotated to enable the pipe orifice to be lower than the water surface, the azolla can be swept to the corner near the water outlet (the pipe orifice) of the culture pond through the bamboo poles, and then the azolla can be transferred into the fish culture unit along the water flow because the pipe orifice is lower than the water surface, so that the azolla can be conveniently put on the water by an operator. The duckweed culture unit and the fish culture unit should have a drop of at least 50-80 cm so as to facilitate duckweed placement.
In one embodiment, the means for fish farming in the fish farming unit is: and feeding the young fish with the body length of 5+/-0.5 cm into a culture pond of the fish culture unit, and culturing until the young fish with the body length of 10+/-0.5 cm is grown into fish, wherein azolla put into the azolla culture unit is used as feed for culturing. Preferably, the fries are fed with their dedicated feed for 45 days. The feeding time of the azolla is preferably about 9 a.m. and about 15 a.m. in the afternoon. The control of the oxygen content in the water body is of great importance for fish culture, and if the oxygen content of the water body is reduced, the cultured fish is anoxic and turns over the pond, namely, large-area dead fish appears. Therefore, oxygenation operation must be performed in the fish culture pond. Meanwhile, the water flowing into the rice cultivation unit needs to be supplemented with clear water, so that the problem of low oxygen content of the water can be relieved to a certain extent.
Preferably, the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1:6. The area ratio of the cultivation pond of the fish cultivation unit to the planting area of the rice cultivation unit is 1 (4-5). By the arrangement, the balance among biogas slurry, azolla, fish culture and rice is achieved.
Wherein, the rice variety is preferably double-cropping rice, thereby prolonging the water purification time of the rice cultivation unit. More preferably, the early rice is preferably selected from the group consisting of Chun you 2640 and the late rice is preferably selected from the group consisting of Chun you 4949. The cultivation method of the rice cultivation unit comprises the following steps: early rice seedling raising is carried out in the middle ten days of 3 months (10-15 days) of each year, transplanting is started in about 4 months and 5 days, and harvesting is carried out in about 7 months and 25 days; seedling raising is carried out on late rice in the last 7 months of the year, and transplanting is completed before 8 months and 1 day. In the rice growth process, the fish culture water body is poured into the rice cultivation unit with rated daily water inflow to keep the water level of the rice field to be 2-3 cm, so that the water requirement of rice growth is met. The rice field area should be large enough to meet the requirement that the rice can completely absorb the nutrients in the water body discharged by fish culture in the growth process, and the water part is completely absorbed and evaporated by the rice, so that the purpose of zero discharge of the culture water body and the pollution components is achieved.
Example 1
Biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding mode:
1. digging a duckweed culture pond with an area of 200 square, putting 10-20 cubic biogas slurry into the duckweed culture pond with a water depth of 1.0 meter, feeding clear water after 3 days, putting 75 kg of duckweed when the pH value is measured to be above 7, and naturally growing the duckweed until the duckweed is completely covered (more than 90 percent) by 2-3 days, so that the duckweed can be put into the duckweed culture pond for fish culture. Whether or not to start automatic spraying depends on weather, and when the air temperature is higher than 32 ℃, automatic spraying is performed. And adding 10% of biogas slurry, namely 10 cubes of biogas slurry, which accounts for 10% of the total reservoir capacity of the azolla culture pond before 17 pm every day. After the biogas slurry is added every day, the shell is selectively started to automatically spray so as to promote the distribution of the biogas slurry in the water body. After 12 hours of growing azolla, the azolla is put again after reaching the expected growth amount, namely, the azolla which occupies 10 to 15 percent of the total area is put each time about 7 to 9 days and 15 afternoon. Automatic spraying is preferably performed after duckweed placement to promote uniform dispersion of azolla spores.
2. The area of the fish culture pond is 6 times that of the azolla culture pond, namely 1 mu of azolla is supplied for 6 mu of fish so as to balance biogas slurry, azolla and fish.
3. A paddy field is arranged at the downstream of a fish culture pond, early rice (zhengyou 2640) seedling raising is carried out in the middle ten days (10-15 days) of 3 months each year, transplanting is started about 4 months and 5 days, and harvesting is carried out about 7 months and 25 days; late rice (Yongyou 4949) is cultivated in the last 7 months of the year, and transplanting is completed before 8 months and 1 day. In the rice growth process, the rated water inflow of the rice cultivation unit is controlled to keep the water level of the rice field to be 2-3 cm, so that the water demand of rice growth is met. The rice field is large enough in area, and the water body discharged by fish culture can be completely absorbed in the rice growth process.
In conclusion, the biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention can effectively utilize ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in biogas slurry - 、Cu 2+ The pollution in the biogas slurry is used as a fertilizer source for the growth of azolla, so that the azolla growth is promoted, the effect of purifying the biogas slurry is achieved, and the produced azolla can be used as a green feed for freshwater fish for feeding while the pollution of the biogas slurry is solved. And the excrement of the freshwater fish is discharged into a paddy field along with pond water and is used as fertilizer for paddy cultivation, so that the recycling multi-stage utilization of the cultivation excrement is realized, and the treatment cost of the excrement of a large-scale cultivation farm is reduced. Meanwhile, the balance among the two is ensured by further limiting the area ratio of the culture pond in the azolla culture unit to the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the area ratio of the culture pond in the fish culture unit to the rice field in the rice culture unit, so that the resource recycling and the sustainable water purification effect are realized.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the teachings of the present invention, or direct or indirect application in the relevant art, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system is characterized by comprising an azolla culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice culture unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream;
the azolla culture unit cultures azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish with azolla, and the rice culture unit cultures rice with the fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as nutrients;
wherein the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1:6;
the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5);
the azolla feeding mode of the azolla culture unit is as follows: when the azolla is fully paved on the water surface of the azolla culture pond, the azolla accounting for 20-30% of the total area of the azolla culture pond is taken as fish feed and put into a fish culture unit for fish culture at a frequency of twice daily.
2. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein in the duckweed culture unit, the first feeding amount of the biogas slurry is 10% -15% of the total pond capacity of the duckweed culture unit, and then the biogas slurry of 10% of the total pond capacity of the duckweed culture unit is fed into the duckweed culture unit every day.
3. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 2, wherein the biogas slurry is placed in the culture pond for 3-4 days after being put into the biogas slurry for the first time, and then clear water is added to the culture pond until the culture pond is 20-30 cm away from the mouth of the culture pond.
4. The ecological planting and breeding system for biogas-duckweed-fish-rice according to claim 3, wherein the pH of the azolla-culture solution obtained by diluting the biogas slurry with clear water is 7.0 or more.
5. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the fish breeding mode in the fish breeding unit is as follows: and feeding the young fish with the body length of 5+/-0.5 cm into a culture pond of the fish culture unit, and culturing until the young fish with the body length of 10+/-0.5 cm is grown into fish, wherein azolla put into the azolla culture unit is used as feed for culturing.
6. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the rice cultivated by the rice cultivation unit is double-cropping rice.
7. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting system according to claim 6, wherein the rice planting method of the rice cultivation unit comprises: early rice was raised in mid 3 months of each year, and late rice was raised in the last 7 months of each year.
8. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 7, wherein the early rice is of the variety "zhun" 2640 and the late rice is of the variety "zhun" 4949.
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Application publication date: 20221021 Assignee: Taining Jiahe Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023350000409 Denomination of invention: A Biogas Duckweed Fishing Rice Ecological Breeding System Granted publication date: 20230623 License type: Common License Record date: 20231027 |