CN113767869A

CN113767869A - Full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method

Info

Publication number: CN113767869A
Application number: CN202111093671.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 覃海龙
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-09-17
Filing date: 2021-09-17
Publication date: 2021-12-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method, which comprises the following steps: respectively arranging a fish culture area and a planting area in the planning area; placing plants which are loving water, have developed root systems and grow rapidly in the planting area, and placing a water pump in the fish culture area; a siphon device is arranged in the planting area; earthworms and the like are placed in the planting area. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the device has the advantages of saving materials, less power consumption, simpler operation and convenient management, can be used for culturing fish, vegetable, flower and tree in various places such as ponds, reservoirs, pools, roofs, household balconies, household rooms and the like, greatly reduces the cost, can realize large-scale popularization, and is a carbon neutralization power-assisting force for the country.

Description

Full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to cultivation and planting, in particular to a cultivation and planting method for full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiosis.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, but the production mode is relatively laggard, the traditional aquaculture has low density, so that the feed utilization rate is low, the management is extensive, the external environment is complex, a large amount of sewage is discharged, the environment is polluted, so that the pathogen is easily contacted, and in addition, the water quality environment is poor, the problems of abuse of antibiotics and fish drugs exist, so that the breeding products have the problem of zoonosis. In the traditional planting industry, particularly vegetable planting, a large amount of land is needed, and due to abuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the land is easy to harden and the environment is polluted.

The fish and vegetable symbiosis is a novel composite cultivation system, two originally completely different farming techniques of aquaculture and agricultural planting are integrated together to achieve scientific synergistic symbiosis, and the method is a low-carbon production mode with sustainable circulation type and zero emission in the future and is the most effective method for effectively solving the agricultural ecological crisis.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional fish-vegetable symbiotic mode research mode is not right, so that the conventional fish-vegetable symbiotic system consumes materials and energy, is difficult to manage, is easy to have many problems, cannot generate competitive power and cannot be popularized and popularized in a large area.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the cultivation and planting method for full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiosis comprises the following steps:

step one, respectively setting a fish culture area and a planting area in a planning area;

placing plants which are water-loving, have developed root systems and grow rapidly in the planting area, and placing a water pump in the fish culture area;

step three, arranging a siphon device in the planting area, pumping water from the fish culture area into the planting area by a water pump at regular time, ensuring that the roots of plants in the planting area are soaked and moistened by water by the siphon device, and after a period of time, returning to the fish culture area through the siphon device after the water level reaches a certain height;

after water in the planting area is drained, plant roots are fully contacted with air, the roots directly breathe oxygen in the air, the roots are regulated and controlled by a water pump and a timing module on a siphon device, the roots of the plants periodically contact with the water and the air, the roots proliferate abnormally and rapidly, a filter layer formed by developed root systems of the plants is formed at the bottom of the planting area, the filtered fish manure is hung on the plant roots by the filter layer, the fish manure is directly contacted with the oxygen when the water is drained, nitrobacteria react more quickly and fully under the condition of sufficient oxygen, and the fish manure is absorbed by the plants more easily;

placing earthworms in the planting area, wherein a sponge filter layer formed by plant roots in the planting area has the characteristics of ventilation and no water accumulation, and is suitable for reproduction of the earthworms, the earthworms can eat the earthworm excrement, the produced earthworm excrement can be directly absorbed by the plants, and the earthworm excrement is more easily decomposed by nitrifying bacteria;

and step six, placing a planting bag with nutrient soil on the plant root layer of the planting area, planting terrestrial plants in the planting bag, and directly adding an organic fertilizer into the planting bag to regulate the benign development if the water is too purified by the plant root layer and the nutrition of the plants is insufficient.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the device has the advantages of saving materials, less power consumption, simpler operation and convenient management, can be used for culturing fish, vegetable, flower and tree in various places such as ponds, reservoirs, pools, roofs, household balconies, household rooms and the like, greatly reduces the cost, can realize large-scale popularization, and is a carbon neutralization power-assisting force for the country.

As an improvement, the filter layer is used for filtering out fish manure impurities, the filter layer of the plant roots cannot be blocked, and daily management is facilitated.

As an improvement, the filter layer increases the living surface area of nitrifying bacteria, better nitration reaction is easier to occur to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and the roots of plants can absorb the products after nitration, so that the water quality flowing back to the fish culture area is cleaner, the fish is less prone to diseases, and the fish culture can be carried out with higher density.

As an improvement, when the earthworms placed in the planting area are bred too much, part of the earthworms are flushed into the fish culture area by water to become natural protein feed of the fish, and the death of some earthworms can provide animal humus nutrition for plants and supplement the nutrition which cannot be obtained by the plants in water.

As an improvement, the soil in the planting bag can not only prevent the soil from flowing into the water circulation system to influence the water quality, but also provide the system with trace elements which are easy to be lacked in the water body.

Detailed Description

In specific implementation, the method for cultivating and planting the complete ecological fish and vegetable symbiosis comprises the following steps:

step three, arranging a siphon device in the planting area, pumping water from the fish culture area into the planting area by the water pump at regular time, ensuring that the roots of plants in the planting area are soaked and moistened by water by the siphon device, and after a period of time, returning the water to the fish culture area through the siphon device after the water level reaches a certain height;

after the water in the planting area is drained, the roots of the plants are fully contacted with the air, the roots of the plants directly breathe oxygen in the air, the roots of the plants periodically contact with the water and the air under the regulation and control of a timing module on the water pump and the siphon device, the roots of the plants are abnormally and rapidly proliferated, a filter layer formed by developed root systems of the plants is formed at the bottom of the planting area, the filtered fish manure is hung on the roots of the plants through the filter layer, the fish manure is directly contacted with the oxygen when the water is drained, the reaction of nitrobacteria is quicker and more sufficient under the condition of sufficient oxygen, and the fish manure is more easily absorbed by the plants;

placing earthworms in the planting area, wherein a sponge filter layer formed by plant roots in the planting area has the characteristics of ventilation and no water accumulation, and is suitable for reproduction of the earthworms, the earthworms can eat the earthworm feces, the produced earthworm feces can be directly absorbed by the plants, and the earthworm feces are more easily decomposed by nitrobacteria;

The filter layer is used for filtering fish manure impurities, the filter layer of the plant roots cannot be blocked, and daily management is facilitated.

The filter layer increases the living surface area of nitrobacteria, better nitration reaction is easier to occur to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and the roots of plants can absorb the nitrified products, so that the water quality flowing back to the fish culture area is cleaner, the fish is less prone to diseases, and the fish can be cultured in a higher density.

When the earthworms placed in the planting area are bred too much, part of the earthworms can be flushed into the fish culture area by water to become natural protein feed of the fish, and the death of some earthworms can provide animal humus nutrition for plants and supplement the nutrition which cannot be obtained by the plants in water.

Soil in the planting bag can not only prevent soil from flowing into the water circulation system to influence water quality, but also can provide trace elements which are easy to lack in water for the system.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the traditional fish and vegetable symbiosis is influenced by the fish culture technology of the aquarium, so that a lot of artificial filter materials are used for filtering to generate nitration reaction to purify water quality. This scheme does not need artificial filter media, does not also be equipped with various filtering ponds. Only fish culture area and planting area. Therefore, the cost is saved, and the popularization is facilitated after the process is simplified. The traditional fish and vegetable symbiotic system costs a lot on equipment and filter materials, the filter materials are easy to block a water circulation system along with the increase of fish manure and plant roots, and in order to solve the problem that the filter materials are blocked by the fish manure, some authorized inventions are provided with filter bags before water enters the filter materials, but the filter bags are also blocked after a long time, and the filter bags are pressurized by supplying water by using a high-power water pump, so that the water can pass through the filter bags, but the power consumption is low, and the energy is not saved. Therefore, the series of the steps is complicated, and the ordinary people are inconvenient to learn and manage.

The scheme realizes super simplification, only has a fish culture area and a planting area, is simple and convenient, has fewer links, has fewer fault problems, and is more convenient to maintain and manage. The method is characterized in that fish manure is not nitrified by an artificial filter material, plants (such as water spinach and watercress) which are good for water and have developed root systems and grow rapidly are placed in a planting area, a water pump is used for pumping water from a fish culture area at regular time to enter the planting area, the planting area is provided with a siphon device, so that the roots of the plants in the planting area are soaked and moistened by water, and after a period of time, the water level flows back to a fish pond through the siphon device after reaching a certain height. Plant the district water and be drained like this, the plant root just can fully contact with the air, and the root is direct breathes oxygen in the air, and through timing device, the root of plant can periodic contact water and air, and the root can proliferate unusually fast, can form the filter layer of the similar sponge that the developed root system of one deck by the plant constitutes in planting the district bottom at last. The filter layer can filter fish dung, and because the artificial filter material is not filled in the planting area, the problem of blockage of the filter layer of only the plant roots can be avoided, and the daily management is convenient. Plastics or artificial synthetic materials are placed in a traditional fish-vegetable system to serve as filter materials, haydite or stone or sand are placed in a planting bed to serve as planting cultivation, so that the space for plant roots to grow in a planting area is small, when plants grow larger, the roots are more, the planting area is filled, then the roots of the plants are difficult to breathe oxygen, root rot is caused, the growth vigor of the plants is not good, and high-density planting cannot be achieved. The water quality is affected because the fish feces cannot be absorbed more when the high-density planting is not performed, and then vicious circle is formed, which easily causes system problems. The plant roots are used as filter materials, so that the safety problem of food materials produced by the fish and vegetable system can be solved absolutely. The filter layer not only ensures that the living surface area of nitrobacteria is much larger than that of the artificial filter material, but also is easy to generate better nitration reaction to nitrify ammonia nitrogen. And the nitrified product can be absorbed by the plant root, so that water flowing back to a fish culture area is cleaner, the fish is less prone to diseases, and the fish can be cultured in a higher density. And when the fish manure is filtered and hung on the plant roots, the fish manure is directly contacted with oxygen when water is drained, and the nitrifying bacteria react more quickly and fully under the condition of sufficient oxygen, so that the fish manure is more easily absorbed by the plants. According to the scheme, earthworms are further placed in the planting area, the sponge body filter layer formed by plant roots in the planting area is breathable and water-free, earthworms are suitable for reproduction of earthworms, the earthworms can eat fish manure, the produced wormcast can be directly absorbed by plants, the wormcast is decomposed by nitrobacteria more easily, the system has benignness and accords with the decomposition process of natural ecology, the fishes produce manure, the earthworms are decomposed in a primary mode, the nitrobacteria are decomposed in a secondary mode, bacteria and viruses in the water body can be easily digested, and the fishes and vegetables grow healthily. And the earthworms are bred quickly, and when the earthworms are too many, part of the earthworms are flushed into a fish culture area by water to become natural protein feed of the fish. And the death of some earthworms can provide animal humus nutrition for plants and supplement the nutrition which cannot be obtained by the plants in water.

The other misthought of the traditional fish-vegetable symbiosis is pure water culture, because some non-water-loving plants need to be planted, and the roots of the plants hardly breathe oxygen in water, the authorized pure water culture inventions need to supply oxygen to water in a large amount, oxygen pipelines need to be laid, so that the power consumption of consumed materials is not well managed, the pure water culture can cause a problem of element deficiency, artificial nutrients such as chelated iron and the like need to be added into the water, and the food material safety problem can be caused because ordinary people cannot know the addition amount. The technical scheme includes that plants with raised seedlings are placed in planting bags with nutrient soil, then the planting bags are placed on a plant root filter layer in a planting area for planting, the thick root layer in the planting area can support the planting bags, so that the roots of non-preferential water plants can fully absorb oxygen in the air, and the roots of the non-preferential water plants can be wet by water and can absorb oxygen in the air through tidal water level change generated by timing and a siphon device. Therefore, oxygen is not needed to be supplied, and the plant roots can absorb more oxygen more efficiently. The value of entire system fish is greater than the plant, also in order to let the operation of system insurance, can let plant district's water-loving plant too much grow up and guarantee the flourishing of plant root layer, thereby filter and absorb enough fish feces and disease and breathe, guarantee the clean of water, can lead to planting the plant in the bag and appear lacking the nutrition phenomenon sometimes like this, can add the fertilizer in the planting bag, also can directly add animal waste, because there are a lot of earthworms in the planting district, they can decompose excrement and urine very fast, earthworm exhaust earthworm excrement and urine can be directly absorbed by the plant. The fish-vegetable symbiosis originally simulates natural ecology, and soil is part of the natural ecology, but many researchers exclude adding soil into a fish-vegetable system because the soil is dissolved in water, and the water pump is used as circulating power in the whole system, so that slurry in the water blocks the water pump. Almost all researchers forgo adding soil to the system. This scheme is fixed soil with planting the bag, and along with the growth of plant, the plant can grow out supernormal flourishing root and wrap soil, just so can not take place soil erosion and water loss. The soil meets the natural law, and the soil can live the decomposition activity with some beneficial bacteria, so that the soil has trace elements which do not exist in water, and the nonhygous plants can grow normally. By this method, more varieties of plants can be planted, not just monophilous plants and vegetables. The natural ecology is really restored by adding the earthworms and the soil.

At present a lot of traditional fish-vegetable intergrowth system power consumptive energy, the consumptive material, it is inconvenient to manage, can not popularize, exactly because they do not accomplish real reduction nature ecology, so will pay out other costs and go to remedy, for example with a lot of artifical filter media, set up a plurality of sedimentation tanks, the fermentation vat, oxygen is beaten in the saturation, high power water pump pressurization filter bag, particle machine etc. these unnecessary things all greatly increase the cost, floor area has been increased, still produce a lot of equipment problems easily, it is inconvenient to make the management. The scheme realizes the simplest and maximized effect, uses only things in the nature to the maximum extent, and realizes the maximized green, safe and environment-friendly effects. According to the principle of the invention, a fish-vegetable symbiotic system can be easily established in various local places at low cost, high-density fish and vegetable cultivation is realized, and benefits can be generated only by realizing high-density fish and vegetable cultivation, so that the fish-vegetable symbiotic system can be widely popularized and popularized.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The cultivation and planting method for full-ecological fish and vegetable symbiosis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

placing plants and planting bags which are water-loving, have developed root systems and grow rapidly in the planting area, and placing a water pump in the fish culture area;

2. The holoecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the filter layer is used for filtering fish manure impurities, the filter layer of the plant roots cannot be blocked, and daily management is facilitated.

3. The holoecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the filter layer increases the living surface area of nitrobacteria, better nitration reaction is easier to occur to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and the roots of plants can absorb the nitrified products, so that the water quality flowing back to the fish culture area is cleaner, the fish is less prone to diseases, and the fish can be cultured in a higher density.

4. The holoecological fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when the earthworms placed in the planting area are bred too much, part of the earthworms can be flushed into the fish culture area by water to become natural protein feed of the fish, and the death of some earthworms can provide animal humus nutrition for plants and supplement the nutrition which cannot be obtained by the plants in water.

5. The fish and vegetable symbiotic cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: soil in the planting bag can not only prevent soil from flowing into the water circulation system to influence water quality, but also can provide trace elements which are easy to lack in water for the system.