CN115211339A - Biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system - Google Patents
Biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241001532704 Azolla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000207867 Pistia stratiotes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006440 Pistia stratiotes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological sewage purification and resource recycling, and particularly relates to a biogas-duckweed-fish-rice coupled ecological planting and breeding system which comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice cultivation unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit is used for culturing azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish by using azolla, and the rice cultivation unit cultivates rice by using a fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as a nutrient; wherein the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5). The biogas-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention has the advantages that the efficiency of purifying the water body by the duckweed is high, the feeding value is high, the feed utilization cost is low, the culture water body enters the rice field and is completely absorbed by the rice field, and the purpose of zero emission of the culture water body is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological sewage purification and resource recycling, and particularly relates to a biogas-duckweed-fish-rice coupled ecological planting and breeding system.
Background
A large amount of excrement is generated in the large-scale culture process, and if the excrement is directly discharged, water source pollution or water eutrophication is caused, so that the ecological environment is damaged. However, in agricultural production, breeding manure is one of the main fertilizer sources in the planting industry. After solid-liquid separation of the culture manure, the solid part can be returned to the field for application after composting and fermentation, and the liquid part needs to be returned to the field for application after anaerobic fermentation in a black film tank and aeration treatment in an AO tank. Generally, the 1 st pig on the farm produces 2-4 t of excrement annually, so the breeding excrement yield of large-scale farms is large, and after treatment, if the pig is returned to the field for application, a large amount of land is needed for consuming the wastes. Therefore, a great deal of work is being expended by technologists to find an alternative way of processing.
The research on the purification treatment of the large-scale culture manure by using the aquatic plants is one of the effective and feasible treatment methods. The varieties used at present mainly focus on water hyacinth, watermifoil, pistia stratiotes and the like. They have great success in both absorbing and breeding pollution and purifying eutrophic water bodies, but they all face problems in application, such as high water content, low nutrition quality, low feeding value, large individual, high feeding cost caused by difficult direct utilization, and if not utilized in time, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like of dead individuals can return to the water body to influence or destroy the water quality again. Therefore, even if the efficiency of purifying the water body is high, the water body purification method cannot be widely popularized at present. Therefore, it is imperative to develop aquatic plants having high economic utility value and purification function. The rice belongs to grain crops, and is planted in large area in the south and north, and the water requirement in the cultivation process is large, so that the yield of the rice is influenced in case of water shortage, and even the rice is harvested absolutely. Related research reports on the application of azolla in breeding feed are provided. Therefore, the ecological breeding mode of marsh gas, duckweed, fish and rice is formed by utilizing the marsh liquid to breed duckweed, duckweed and pond water for breeding fish for rice cultivation, a new treatment and utilization mode is developed for sewage utilization of a large-scale breeding farm, and the large-scale breeding is enabled to be in good sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides a marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system which has high feeding value and low feed utilization cost and can realize continuous water body purification.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice cultivation unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit is used for culturing azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish by using azolla, and the rice cultivation unit cultivates rice by using a fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as a nutrient;
wherein the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention, the duckweed can effectively utilize ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in the marsh liquid - 、Cu 2+ Pollutants in the biogas slurry are used as a fertilizer source for growth of azolla, growth of azolla is promoted, and the effect of purifying the biogas slurry is achieved, so that pollution of the biogas slurry is solved, and the produced azolla can be used as green feed for freshwater fish to be fed and utilized. And the excrement of the freshwater fish is discharged into the rice field along with the pond water and is supplied to rice cultivation as fertilizer, so that the resource multi-stage utilization of the culture manure is realized, and the large-scale culture is reducedThe disposal cost of the manure of the field. Meanwhile, the balance among the culture pond in the azolla culture unit and the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the area ratio of the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the rice field in the rice culture unit are further limited, so that the resource recycling is realized, and the continuity of the water purification effect is ensured.
Detailed Description
The following description will be given with reference to the embodiments in order to explain the technical contents, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail.
A marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system comprises a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice cultivation unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream; the azolla culture unit is used for culturing azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures fish by using azolla, and the rice cultivation unit cultivates rice by using a fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as a nutrient; wherein the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1; the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5).
In the ecological planting and breeding mode of marsh-duckweed-fish-rice, by utilizing the fertilizer requirement characteristic in the growth of azolla, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in marsh liquid can be effectively utilized - 、Cu 2+ Pollutants in the biogas slurry are used as a fertilizer source for growth of azolla, the biogas slurry with low concentration and salt content can promote rapid growth of the azolla, the purpose of rapidly purifying the biogas slurry is achieved, the pollutants in the biogas slurry are effectively and rapidly absorbed, the azolla has the characteristics of high propagation speed and small individual, and the feed is convenient for fish, so that the azolla can be used as a green feed for cultivation of freshwater fish. The specific using mode is as follows: after the azolla is completely paved on the water surface of the culture pond, feeding the azolla accounting for 20-30% of the area of the culture pond into a fish culture unit at a frequency of twice a day. The cultured fish also has the problem of pollution of the culture water body. If the excrement is not treated for a long time, eutrophication of the water body and reduction of the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content of the water body can be caused. Therefore, the water mixed with the fish excrement is continuously introduced into the rice cultivation unit to absorb the fish through the rice for cultivationThe eutrophic water body in the pond can meet the daily nutrient requirement of rice (paddy rice) while playing a role of secondary water purification, so as to promote the rapid growth of the paddy rice and achieve the aims of ecological planting and virtuous circle.
The amount of released duckweeds every day is crucial to an ecological planting and breeding mode of marsh-duckweeds-fisheries-rice, and if the amount of released duckweeds every day is too small, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper ions and other substances in the biogas slurry are not transferred along with the duckweeds releasing process, so that pollution caused by biogas slurry culture in a duckweeds culture unit is accumulated continuously; if the amount of duckweed put in the device is too large every day, the amount of duckweed is reduced, and the overall purification efficiency and effect are influenced. Therefore, azolla accounting for 20-30% of the area of the culture pond is preferably fed into the fish culture unit every day.
The natural environment can significantly limit the growth of azolla, such as high temperature, strong light, or low temperature. Therefore, the azolla culture pond needs to be automatically sprayed, the surface and the water body of the azolla are cooled through automatic spraying, and the effect of reducing the light intensity is achieved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the automatic spraying can effectively wash the spores in the duckweed to the water surface through the atomized water drops, and is favorable for the germination of the spores and the growth of the azolla. Preferably, the automatic spraying is started to cool when the temperature of the azolla culture pond is 32 ℃. Any automatic spraying device commercially available can be used for the automatic spraying. In low-temperature seasons, greenhouse facilities are required to preserve heat so as to prevent the seeds of the duckweed from being frozen at low temperature and to kill seed sources.
Preferably, the azolla is azolla (3001) which is high in yield and high in temperature resistance, and the fish is preferably goldfish.
In one embodiment, in the azolla culture unit, the first input amount of the biogas slurry is 10% to 15% of the total storage capacity of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit, and then 10% of the biogas slurry of the total storage capacity of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit is input into the culture pond of the azolla culture unit every day.
Further, placing the biogas slurry in a culture pond for 3-4 days after the biogas slurry is put into the culture pond for the first time, and then adding clear water until the clear water is 20-30 centimeters away from the mouth of the culture pond. Wherein the placing is standing, namely, the culture pond is disinfected and the insect source is killed by utilizing the characteristic of high pH of the biogas slurry.
Preferably, the pH of the azolla culture solution obtained by diluting the biogas slurry with clear water is more than 7.0.
In one embodiment, the culture mode of the azolla is specifically as follows: putting the biogas slurry which accounts for 10-15% of the total storage capacity of the culture pond into the culture pond, standing for 3-4 days, and then adding clear water until the distance from the opening of the culture pond is 20-30 cm. At this time, the pH of the culture solution is measured, and if the pH is 7.0 or more, duckweed is put into the culture pond for culture, and if the pH is lower than the pH, the pH needs to be adjusted, and then duckweed is cultured. The input amount of the seed duckweed is preferably 250 kilograms per mu, namely 375 grams per square. And injecting biogas slurry accounting for 10 percent of the total storage capacity of the culture pond into the culture pond every day to maintain the content of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body.
Preferably, the azolla culturing unit is communicated with the fish culturing unit in a pipe burying manner. The pipe orifice of the buried pipe is preferably rotatable, the highest point of the pipe orifice is higher than the water level by 5-10 cm, and the lowest point of the pipe orifice is lower than the water level. Therefore, when the azolla is filled in the pond (the azolla is filled on the water surface of the culture pond), the pipe orifice is rotated to be lower than the water surface, the azolla can be swept to the corner near the water outlet (the pipe orifice) of the culture pond through the bamboo rod, and then the azolla can be transferred to the fish culture unit along with the water flow because the pipe orifice is lower than the water surface, namely, the operation of putting the azolla by an operator is facilitated. The difference between the azolla culturing unit and the fish culturing unit is at least 50-80 cm, so that the azolla can be conveniently placed.
In one embodiment, the fish is cultivated in the fish-cultivating unit in a manner that: feeding feed into a fish pond of a fish culture unit by using fish fries with the body length of 5 +/-0.5 cm for culture until the fish fries with the body length of 10 +/-0.5 cm become fish, and then culturing by using azolla put in the azolla culture unit as feed. Preferably, the fry are fed with their own feed for 45 days. The feeding time of the azolla is preferably about 9 am and about 15 pm. The control of the oxygen content in the water body is crucial to fish culture, and if the oxygen content in the water body is reduced, cultured fish is anoxic and turns over the pond, so that large-area dead fish occur. Therefore, the fish culture pond needs to be oxygenated. Meanwhile, the water flowing into the rice cultivation unit needs to be supplemented with clear water, so that the problem of low oxygen content of the water can be relieved to one extent.
Preferably, the area ratio of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1. The area ratio of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the planting area of the rice cultivation unit is 1 (4-5). Through the arrangement, the balance among biogas slurry, azolla, fish culture and rice is achieved.
The rice variety is preferably double cropping rice, so that the water body purification time of the rice cultivation unit is prolonged. More preferably, early rice is Yongyou 2640, and late rice is Yongyou 4949. The rice cultivation method of the rice cultivation unit comprises the following steps: early rice seedling raising is carried out in the middle ten days (10-15 days) of 3 months every year, rice transplanting is started about 4 months and 5 days, and harvesting is carried out about 7 months and 25 days; and (4) seedling raising is carried out on late rice in the last 7 th of each year, and the transplanting is finished before 8 months and 1 day. In the rice growth process, the fish culture water is poured into the rice cultivation unit at a daily rated water inflow so as to keep the water level of the rice field at 2-3 cm and meet the water requirement of rice growth. The area of the rice field is large enough to meet the requirement that nutrients in water discharged by fish culture can be completely absorbed by rice in the growth process, and the water part is completely absorbed and evaporated by the rice, so that the aim of zero emission of culture water and pollution components is fulfilled.
Example 1
A biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding mode comprises the following steps:
1. digging a azolla culture pond with the area of 200 square, wherein the average water depth is 1.0 meter, putting 10-20 cubic biogas slurry into the azolla culture pond, feeding clear water after 3 days, putting 75 kilograms of seed azolla when the pH is measured to be more than 7, and naturally growing the azolla to completely cover (more than 90 percent) the water surface of the azolla culture pond after 2-3 days, so as to carry out the azolla culture. Whether to start automatic spraying or not depends on weather, and automatic spraying is carried out when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃. And later, putting 10 cubic biogas slurry which accounts for 10 percent of the total storage capacity of the azolla culture pond before 17 pm every day, namely 10 cubes of biogas slurry. After the biogas slurry is put into the water body every day, the shell is selectively opened for automatic spraying to promote the distribution of the biogas slurry in the water body. The azolla is placed again after the azolla grows for 12 hours to reach the expected growth amount, namely, the azolla accounting for 10 to 15 percent of the total area is preferably placed every time at 7 to 9 o 'clock the next day and about 15 o' clock in the afternoon. After the duckweed is placed, automatic spraying is preferably carried out to promote uniform dispersion of azolla spores.
2. A fish culture pond is arranged at the downstream of the azolla culture pond, the area of the fish culture pond is 6 times of that of the azolla culture pond, namely 1 mu of azolla is supplied for 6 mu of fish, so that the balance among biogas slurry, azolla and fish is achieved.
3. Arranging a rice field at the downstream of the fish culture pond, raising rice seedlings by early rice (Yongyou 2640) in the middle 3 days (10-15 days) of each year, transplanting rice seedlings at about 4-5 days, and harvesting at about 7-25 days; late rice (Yongyou 4949) is raised in the last 7 months of each year, and the planting is finished before 8 months and 1 day. In the growth process of rice, the rated water inflow of the rice cultivation unit is controlled to keep the water level of the rice field to be 2-3 cm, so that the water requirement of the rice growth is met. The area of the rice field is large enough, and the water body discharged by fish culture can be completely absorbed in the growth process of the rice.
In conclusion, the marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system provided by the invention has the advantages that the duckweed can effectively utilize ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and Cl in the marsh liquid - 、Cu 2+ Pollutants in the biogas slurry are used as fertilizer sources for growth of azolla, growth of azolla is promoted, and biogas slurry is purified, so that pollution of biogas slurry is avoided, and produced azolla can be used as green feed of freshwater fish for feeding and utilization. And the excrement of the freshwater fish is discharged into the rice field along with the pond water and is supplied to rice cultivation as a fertilizer, so that the resource multi-stage utilization of the culture excrement is realized, and the treatment cost of the excrement of a large-scale culture farm is reduced. Meanwhile, the balance among the culture pond in the azolla culture unit and the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the area ratio of the culture pond in the fish culture unit and the rice field in the rice culture unit are further limited, so that the resource recycling is realized, and the continuity of the water purification effect is ensured.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A marsh-duckweed-fishing-rice ecological planting and breeding system is characterized by comprising a duckweed culture unit, a fish culture unit and a rice cultivation unit which are sequentially communicated from upstream to downstream;
the azolla culture unit is used for culturing azolla with biogas slurry; the fish culture unit cultures the fish by using the azolla, and the rice cultivation unit carries out rice cultivation by using a fish culture water body of the fish culture unit as a nutrient;
wherein the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the azolla culture unit to the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit is 1;
the ratio of the area of the culture pond of the fish culture unit to the area of the rice field of the rice culture unit is 1 (4-5).
2. The marsh-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the marsh liquid is put into the duckweed culture unit for the first time by 10% -15% of the total storage capacity of the culture pond of the duckweed culture unit, and then is put into the duckweed culture unit by 10% of the total storage capacity of the culture pond of the duckweed culture unit every day.
3. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 2, wherein the culture pond is placed for 3-4 days after the biogas slurry is put into the system for the first time, and then clear water is added until the clear water is 20-30 centimeters away from the mouth of the culture pond.
4. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 3, wherein the pH of the duckweed breeding solution obtained by diluting the biogas slurry with clear water is above 7.0.
5. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the fish is bred in the fish breeding unit in a manner that: feeding feed into a culture pond of a fish culture unit by using a fry with the body length of 5 +/-0.5 cm for culture until the fry with the body length of 10 +/-0.5 cm becomes fish, and culturing by using the azolla put in the azolla culture unit as the feed.
6. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 5, wherein the feeding manner of the duckweed culture unit is as follows: when azolla is completely paved on the water surface of the azolla culture pond, taking azolla accounting for 20-30% of the total area of the azolla culture pond as fish feed to be put into a fish culture unit for fish culture at a frequency of twice a day.
7. The biogas-duckweed-fisher-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the variety of rice cultivated by the rice cultivation unit is double cropping rice.
8. The biogas-duckweed-fisher-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 7, wherein the rice planting method of the rice planting unit is as follows: early rice was raised in 3 months and late rice was raised in 7 months.
9. The biogas-duckweed-fish-rice ecological planting and breeding system according to claim 8, wherein the variety of the early rice is Yongyou 2640, and the variety of the late rice is Yongyou 4949.
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Application publication date: 20221021 Assignee: Taining Jiahe Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023350000409 Denomination of invention: A Biogas Duckweed Fishing Rice Ecological Breeding System Granted publication date: 20230623 License type: Common License Record date: 20231027 |
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