CN115207383A - 一种锂金属ii氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液及其应用 - Google Patents
一种锂金属ii氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 11
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/5835—Comprising fluorine or fluoride salts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电池技术领域,具体涉及一种锂金属II氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液。
背景技术
锂金属是密度最小的金属,其密度仅为0.534g cm-2,且是氢标电势最低的金属(-3.04V)。在对电池能量密度极限的探索中,锂金属电极因其高达3860mAh g-1的理论比容量成为锂电池领域的“圣杯”。锂金属II氟化碳原电池以氟化碳为阳极,锂金属为负极,主要放电产物为氟化锂和碳。锂金属II氟化碳电池作为具有极高理论能量密度的固体正极原电池(氟碳比为1时,理论比容量高达865mAh g-1,能量密度超高2100Wh kg-1),被广泛用于精细医疗、航空航天、国防军工、高端民用等领域。
锂金属II氟化碳电池的存储是实际应用中最需关注的问题之一,对极端存储温湿度的耐受程度以及极限存储时长决定了其作为备用电源的价值。然而,由于电解液是电池中最为活泼的物质,其很容易与锂金属以及氟化碳发生不可逆化学反应。此外,电解液和同样高反应活性的锂金属还会互为介质,促使它们对其他金属部件的腐蚀,如化学腐蚀以及电偶腐蚀。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种锂金属II氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述锂金属II氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液的锂金属II氟化碳电池。
本发明的技术方案如下:
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述添加剂选自如下至少之一:
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂和二氟磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述溶剂为酯类溶剂、醚类溶剂、N,N二甲基甲酰胺、环丁砜、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲亚砜中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,所述酯类溶剂为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、丁酸甲酯、γ-丁内酯中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,所述醚类溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二丁醚和二甲醚中的至少一种。
本发明的另一技术方案如下:
一种锂金属II氟化碳电池,其具有上述锂金属II氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液、氟化碳阴极、锂金属阳极、隔离膜、集流体、弹片、垫片和正负极壳体。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述氟化碳阴极的材质包括氟化石墨、氟化焦炭、氟化石墨烯、氟化碳纳米管、氟化碳黑、氟化金刚石和氟化碳纤维的中的至少一种,其氟碳原子比为0.1-1.5;
所述锂金属阳极的材质包括合金类含锂金属、纯金属锂、经过结构改性的金属锂的中的至少一种;
所述隔离膜的材质包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、纤维素和PET无纺布中的至少一种;
所述集流体的材质包括铝、铜、镍、不锈钢、导电树脂、覆碳铝箔、钛镍形状记忆合金中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,所述合金类含锂金属选自锂铝合金、锂铟合金、锂硫合金、锂硼合金、锂锰合金、锂镁合金和锂镍合金。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,其为扣式电池、圆柱形电池或软包电池。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的锂金属II氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液与未添加添加剂的电解液相比,其能够通过在电池正负极以及其他金属部件表面构建一层含氧保护层,从而抑制电解液对其产生的腐蚀以及金属之间的电偶腐蚀。
2、本发明中的添加剂成分简单,对环境无害,成本低廉,使用方法简单,适合大规模的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例14、实施例17与对比例2所组装的锂金属II铜箔扣式电池使用zero resistance ammetry(ZRA)法所测试得到的外加电压0V时的腐蚀电流曲线图。
图2为本发明实施例14、实施例17与对比例2所组装的锂金属II氟化碳电池在60℃环境中进行搁置,监测的实时电压变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
实施例1
a)电解液的制备:在充氩手套箱中(水、氧含量均低于0.1ppm),将碳酸乙烯酯与碳酸二乙酯以质量比3∶7配成混合溶剂,锂盐为浓度1.0M的六氟磷酸锂,再加入质量分数为5%的添加剂I-1。
b)锂金属II铜箔电池的制备与测试:将所制备的电解液与铜箔正极、锂金属负极、隔离膜进行组装,然后使用电化学工作站进行i-t曲线测试腐蚀电流密度,外加电压设置为0V。
c)锂金属II氟化碳电池的制备与测试:将所制备的电解液与氟化碳正极、锂金属负极、隔离膜进行组装,然后使用电化学测试通道设置搁置操作,温度设置为60℃,设置时间为300h。
实施例2至实施例14除电解液配方外,与实施例1其他实施步骤相同,具体见表1。对比例1和对比例2除电解液配方外,与实施例1其他实施步骤相同,具体见表1。实施例14、实施例17和对比例2的效果对比见图1和图2。图1为使用ZRA法测试得到的锂II铜电池腐蚀电流曲线,实施例14在20小时后的稳定腐蚀电流密度仅为0.42μA cm-2,实施例17为0.50μAcm-2,均远低于对比例2的0.75μA cm-2。图2为锂金属II氟化碳电池的存储时间与开路电压的关系曲线,实施例14和17相比于对比例2,开路电压在300小时存储后几乎不衰减。综上结果表明实施例14和17相较于对比例2,仅加入了少量防腐蚀电解液添加剂即明显提升了电池的防腐蚀能力。
表1
具体添加剂的结构式如下:
从左至右,按顺序依次为I-10、I-2、I-3、I-4、I-5、I-6、I-7、I-8、I-9、I-10、I-11、I-12、I-13和I-14;
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
3.如权利要求1所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液,其特征在于:所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂和二氟磷酸锂中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种锂||金属氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液,其特征在于:所述溶剂为酯类溶剂、醚类溶剂、N,N二甲基甲酰胺、环丁砜、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲亚砜中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液,其特征在于:所述酯类溶剂为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、丁酸甲酯、γ-丁内酯中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液,其特征在于:所述醚类溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二丁醚和二甲醚中的至少一种。
7.一种锂金属||氟化碳电池,其特征在于:其具有权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的锂金属||氟化碳电池防腐蚀电解液、氟化碳阴极、锂金属阳极、隔离膜、集流体、弹片、垫片和正负极壳体。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池,其特征在于:所述氟化碳阴极的材质包括氟化石墨、氟化焦炭、氟化石墨烯、氟化碳纳米管、氟化碳黑、氟化金刚石和氟化碳纤维的中的至少一种,其氟碳原子比为0.1-1.5;
所述锂金属阳极的材质包括合金类含锂金属、纯金属锂、经过结构改性的金属锂的中的至少一种;
所述隔离膜的材质包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、纤维素和PET无纺布中的至少一种;
所述集流体的材质包括铝、铜、镍、不锈钢、导电树脂、覆碳铝箔、钛镍形状记忆合金中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池,其特征在于:所述合金类含锂金属选自锂铝合金、锂铟合金、锂硫合金、锂硼合金、锂锰合金、锂镁合金和锂镍合金。
10.如权利要求7至9中任一权利要求所述的一种锂金属||氟化碳电池,其特征在于:其为扣式电池、圆柱形电池或软包电池。
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