CN115160086A - Organic fertilizer formula and preparation method - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer formula and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115160086A CN115160086A CN202210909378.8A CN202210909378A CN115160086A CN 115160086 A CN115160086 A CN 115160086A CN 202210909378 A CN202210909378 A CN 202210909378A CN 115160086 A CN115160086 A CN 115160086A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and discloses an organic fertilizer formula which comprises chicken manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure, humic acid, water-soluble silicon fertilizer, borax pentahydrate, ammonium molybdate and composite strains; also discloses a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a fermentation platform; s2, mixing the chicken manure, the pig, cattle and sheep manure, humic acid and the composite strain; s3, fermenting on a fermentation platform; s4, controlling the temperature and the oxygen content of the compost; s5, adding a water-soluble silicon fertilizer, borax pentahydrate and ammonium molybdate; s6, drying, crushing, granulating and packaging. The invention has the advantages of high content of water-soluble potassium, water-soluble nitrogen and water-soluble phosphorus, rapid dissolution in water, easy absorption by crops and relatively high absorption and utilization rate; and the soil fertilizer contains higher water-soluble organic matters, can dissolve and adsorb chemical substances in the soil, improves the fertility of the soil, and reduces the toxicity of pollutants such as pesticides in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to an organic fertilizer formula and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the adjustment of the agricultural industrialized structure, the livestock and poultry breeding industry is rapidly developed, the requirements of people on meat, eggs and milk are met, meanwhile, serious environmental pollution is caused by disordered discharge of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure, the livestock and poultry manure is processed into the organic fertilizer, the environmental pollution can be reduced, waste can be changed into valuable, the use of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the land environment quality is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
Chinese patent discloses an animal excrement organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof (publication No. CN 102718594B), and the technology prepares raw materials into a composite biological organic fertilizer through the working procedures of pretreatment, stack retting decomposition, drying, crushing, granulation and the like. The product has the advantages of high fertilizer efficiency, complete nutrients, no pollution, greenness, organic property, safe use, stable effect and the like, can be used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer and can be widely applied to crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer formula and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an organic fertilizer formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 to 80 parts of chicken manure, 15 to 20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, 8 to 10 parts of humic acid, 2 to 3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5 to 0.8 part of borax pentahydrate, 1.5 to 2 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.3 to 0.5 part of composite strain.
A preparation method of an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a plurality of ventilation ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm, and arranging ditch beams with the width of 20cm between every two adjacent ventilation ditches; transversely paving the branches, the bamboo strips and the straws on the ditch beam to form a fermentation platform with a breathable bottom;
s2, draining chicken manure and pig, cattle and sheep manure, respectively taking 70-80 parts of chicken manure and 15-20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, adding 8-10 parts of humic acid, uniformly mixing, scattering 0.3-0.5 part of composite strain in the mixing process to obtain a fermented material, measuring the water content of the fermented material, and controlling the water content to be 45-50%;
s3, stacking the fermentation material obtained in the step S2 on the fermentation platform obtained in the step S1, wherein the height of each compost is 1-1.2 m, and the length and the width of each compost are 1.5-2 m, and covering a layer of 10cm of finely-broken straw on the outer surface of each compost, so that the fermentation treatment is automatically carried out;
s4, measuring the temperature and the oxygen content in the compost, heating to 55-65 ℃ in the first stage, and maintaining for 5-7 days to ensure that the oxygen content is between 5% and 15%; when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning is needed to ensure that the pile is ventilated, radiated and decomposed uniformly;
s5, detecting the water content of the compost, when the water content is lower than 30%, adding 2-3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 part of borax pentahydrate and 1.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate into the compost, stirring uniformly, fermenting for 7-10 days again, and in the second stage, reducing the temperature in the compost to be below 40 ℃ to obtain dark brown or yellow brown;
and S6, drying the organic fertilizer, crushing, pelleting, packaging, ventilating, drying and storing.
As a still further scheme of the invention: ammonium bicarbonate is added into the humic acid in the step S2, and the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ammonium bicarbonate is 1000 (2-3).
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S5, silicon powder, borax, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are added into ammonium molybdate, and the mass ratio of molybdenum element in ammonium molybdate to silicon powder, borax, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate is (160-200).
As a still further scheme of the invention: and in the step S5, the water-soluble silicon fertilizer consists of pure silicon and silicon dioxide, wherein the mass ratio of the pure silicon is more than 25%, the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide is more than 50%, and the mass ratio of boron in borax pentahydrate is more than 15%.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the composite strain in the step S2 consists of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and fungi, and 2-3% of sucrose in mass ratio is added into the composite strain, so that rapid propagation of microorganisms can be promoted through the sucrose, and the fertilizing period of beneficial bacteria is shortened.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S4, the temperature of the compost at a position 30cm from the outer surface to the inner surface is taken as the standard.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and in the step S2, when the water content of the fermented material is lower than 45%, sprinkling water into the fermented material to improve the water content, and when the water content of the fermented material is higher than 50%, adding straw powder into the fermented material to reduce the water content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the feed additive is prepared by fermenting chicken manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure, humic acid, water-soluble silicon fertilizer, borax pentahydrate, ammonium molybdate and composite strains; the fertilizer has the advantages of high water-soluble potassium, water-soluble nitrogen and water-soluble phosphorus contents, high absorption and utilization rate, and capability of being quickly dissolved in water and easily absorbed by crops; and the soil fertilizer contains higher water-soluble organic matters, can dissolve and adsorb chemical substances in the soil, improves the fertility of the soil, and reduces the toxicity of pollutants such as pesticides in the soil.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, an organic fertilizer formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 to 80 parts of chicken manure, 15 to 20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, 8 to 10 parts of humic acid, 2 to 3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5 to 0.8 part of borax pentahydrate, 1.5 to 2 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.3 to 0.5 part of composite strain.
A preparation method of an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a plurality of ventilation ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm, and arranging ditch beams with the width of 20cm between every two adjacent ventilation ditches; transversely paving the branches, the bamboo strips and the straws on the ditch beam to form a fermentation platform with a breathable bottom;
s2, draining chicken manure and pig, cattle and sheep manure, respectively taking 70-80 parts of chicken manure and 15-20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, adding 8-10 parts of humic acid, uniformly mixing, sprinkling 0.3-0.5 part of composite strain in the mixing process to obtain a fermented material, measuring the water content of the fermented material, controlling the water content to be 45-50%, sprinkling water to the fermented material to improve the water content when the water content of the fermented material is lower than 45%, and adding straw powder to the fermented material to reduce the water content when the water content of the fermented material is higher than 50%;
s3, stacking the fermentation material obtained in the step S2 on the fermentation platform obtained in the step S1, wherein the height of each compost is 1-1.2 m, and the length and the width of each compost are 1.5-2 m, and covering a layer of 10 cm-back finely-crushed straw on the outer surface of each compost to reduce the evaporation of ammonia gas and avoid the loss of nutrients, so that the fermentation treatment is automatically carried out;
s4, measuring the temperature and the oxygen content in the compost, and taking the temperature of the compost which is inserted into a position of 30cm from the outside to the inside as a reference, raising the temperature to 55-65 ℃ in the first stage, maintaining the temperature for 5-7 days, ensuring that the oxygen content is between 5% and 15%, and ensuring that the oxygen content is too low and oxygen needs to be introduced in time, so that anaerobic fermentation is caused due to too low oxygen content, and the temperature is too fast due to too high oxygen content, so that incomplete fermentation is caused; when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning is needed to ensure that the stack is breathable, heat-dissipating and well-decomposed, and most of ova and harmful bacteria can be killed at the temperature of 55-65 ℃;
s5, detecting the water content of the compost, when the water content is lower than 30%, adding 2-3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 part of borax pentahydrate and 1.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate into the compost, stirring uniformly, fermenting for 7-10 days again, and in the second stage, reducing the temperature in the compost to below 40 ℃, wherein the compost is dark brown or yellow brown, and a large amount of white hypha, no raw manure, no maggot, no odor and slight ammonia odor appear on the surface of the compost, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained;
and S6, drying the organic fertilizer, crushing, pelleting, packaging, ventilating, drying and storing.
Preferably, ammonium bicarbonate is added to the humic acid in the step S2, and the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ammonium bicarbonate is 1000 (2-3).
Preferably, silicon powder, borax, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are added into the ammonium molybdate in the step S5, and the mass ratio of molybdenum element in the ammonium molybdate to the silicon powder, borax, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate is (160-200).
Preferably, the water-soluble silicon fertilizer in the step S5 consists of pure silicon and silicon dioxide, wherein the mass ratio of the pure silicon is greater than 25%, the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide is greater than 50%, and the mass ratio of boron element in the borax pentahydrate is greater than 15%.
Preferably, the composite strain in the step S2 consists of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and fungi, and 2-3% of sucrose by mass is added into the composite strain, so that the rapid propagation of microorganisms can be promoted through the sucrose, and the fertilization period of beneficial bacteria is shortened.
To better illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the following examples are given:
the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is used as an embodiment, the organic fertilizer prepared by an animal excrement organic fertilizer disclosed by a patent network and a preparation method thereof (publication number: CN102718594B, publication date: 2014-12-03) is used as a first comparative example, and the organic fertilizer prepared by an animal excrement straw biological organic fertilizer disclosed by the patent network and a preparation method thereof (publication number: CN112645746A, publication date: 2021-04-13) is used as a second comparative example;
1. measuring water-soluble nutrients in the organic fertilizer, and calculating the percentage of the water-soluble nutrients in all the nutrients; wherein the water-soluble nutrients are nutrient substances dissolved in water, and comprise water-soluble nitrogen, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium; wherein, the water-soluble potassium (SK, g/kg), the total potassium (TK, g/kg) and the percentage of the water-soluble potassium to the total potassium (SK/TK,%), the water-soluble nitrogen (SN, g/kg), the total nitrogen (TN, g/kg) and the percentage of the water-soluble nitrogen to the total nitrogen (SN/TN,%); water-soluble phosphorus (SP, g/kg), total phosphorus (TP, g/kg), and a percentage of water-soluble phosphorus to total phosphorus (SP/TP, g/kg); the specific measurements are given in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 analysis table of water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
From table 1, it can be derived: the quality of the organic fertilizer in the embodiment, the first comparative example and the second comparative example meets the agricultural industry standard (NY 525-2012) of the people's republic of China; the contents of total potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the examples, the comparative example I and the comparative example II are all relatively close and are not different; however, the contents of water-soluble potassium, water-soluble nitrogen and water-soluble phosphorus in the examples were significantly higher than those of comparative examples one and two; the percentage of water-soluble potassium to total potassium, the percentage of water-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, and the percentage of water-soluble phosphorus to total phosphorus in the examples were also significantly higher than the corresponding required percentages of comparative examples one and two, and further it can be seen that: the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of high content of water-soluble potassium, water-soluble nitrogen and water-soluble phosphorus, capability of being quickly dissolved in water, easiness for being absorbed by crops and relatively high absorption and utilization rate.
2. Measuring water-soluble organic matters in the organic fertilizer, and calculating the percentage of the water-soluble organic matters in all the organic matters; the water-soluble organic matter is an organic matter which is composed of a series of molecules with different sizes and structures and can be dissolved in water through a 0.45-micron aperture filter membrane; wherein, the water-soluble organic matter (SOM, g/kg), the total organic matter (TOM, g/kg) and the percentage of the water-soluble organic matter in the total organic matter (SOM/TOM, percent) are as follows:
table 2 analysis table of water-soluble organic matter
From table 2, it can be derived: the total organic matter content in the examples, the comparative example I and the comparative example II are all relatively close and are not much different; however, the water-soluble organic matter content in the examples was significantly higher than that in the comparative examples one and two, and the percentage of the water-soluble organic matter in the total organic matter in the examples was also significantly higher than that in the comparative examples one and two; further, it can be found that: the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention contains higher water-soluble organic matters, can dissolve and adsorb chemical substances in soil, improves the fertility of the soil, and reduces the toxicity of pollutants such as pesticides in the soil.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An organic fertilizer formula is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70 to 80 parts of chicken manure, 15 to 20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, 8 to 10 parts of humic acid, 2 to 3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5 to 0.8 part of borax pentahydrate, 1.5 to 2 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.3 to 0.5 part of composite strain.
2. The preparation method for realizing the organic fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, digging a plurality of ventilation ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm, and arranging ditch beams with the width of 20cm between every two adjacent ventilation ditches; transversely paving the branches, the bamboo strips and the straws on the ditch beam to form a fermentation platform with a breathable bottom;
s2, draining chicken manure and pig, cattle and sheep manure, respectively taking 70-80 parts of chicken manure and 15-20 parts of pig, cattle and sheep manure, adding 8-10 parts of humic acid, uniformly mixing, scattering 0.3-0.5 part of composite strain in the mixing process to obtain a fermentation material, measuring the water content of the fermentation material, and controlling the water content to be 45-50%;
s3, stacking the fermentation material obtained in the step S2 on the fermentation platform obtained in the step S1, wherein the height of each pile of compost is 1-1.2 m, and the length and the width of each pile of compost are 1.5-2 m, and covering a layer of 10cm fine crushed straw on the outer surface of each pile of compost, so that the fermentation treatment is automatically carried out;
s4, measuring the temperature and the oxygen content in the compost, heating to 55-65 ℃ in the first stage, and maintaining for 5-7 days to ensure that the oxygen content is between 5% and 15%; when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning is needed to ensure that the pile is ventilated, radiated and decomposed uniformly;
s5, detecting the water content of the compost, adding 2-3 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 part of borax pentahydrate and 1.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate into the compost when the water content is lower than 30%, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 7-10 days again, and in the second stage, reducing the temperature in the compost to be below 40 ℃ to obtain dark brown or yellow brown;
and S6, drying the organic fertilizer, crushing, pelleting, packaging, ventilating, drying and storing.
3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein ammonium bicarbonate is added to the humic acid in the step S2, and the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ammonium bicarbonate is 1000 (2-3).
4. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the ammonium molybdate in the step S5 is added with silicon powder, borax, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio of molybdenum element in the ammonium molybdate to the silicon powder, the borax, the diammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate is (3-200).
5. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the water-soluble silicon fertilizer in the step S5 consists of pure silicon and silicon dioxide, wherein the mass ratio of the pure silicon is more than 25%, the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide is more than 50%, and the mass ratio of boron in borax pentahydrate is more than 15%.
6. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compound strain in the step S2 is composed of azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and fungi, and the compound strain is added with 2-3% by mass of sucrose, so that the rapid propagation of microorganisms can be promoted through the sucrose, and the period of the beneficial bacteria is shortened.
7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature at which the compost is inserted from the outside to the inside by 30cm is used as the standard in the step S4.
8. The method for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, when the moisture content of the fermented material is lower than 45%, water is sprayed to the fermented material to increase the moisture content, and when the moisture content of the fermented material is higher than 50%, straw powder is added to the fermented material to reduce the moisture content.
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| CN102718594A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | 丹凤县兴农牧业有限责任公司 | Animal-waste-type organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105418335A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-03-23 | 张秀丽 | Beneficial biological bacterium fermented microbial organic fertilizer |
| CN108840780A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-11-20 | 刘建富 | A kind of agricultural environmental protection organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109928838A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-06-25 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | Rosemary organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115093291A (en) * | 2022-07-30 | 2022-09-23 | 黑龙江宏泰生物有机肥料有限责任公司 | Organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and processing method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-07-29 CN CN202210909378.8A patent/CN115160086A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102718594A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | 丹凤县兴农牧业有限责任公司 | Animal-waste-type organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102633539A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-08-15 | 无锡市路华肥料科技有限公司 | Efficient bio-organic fertilizer and production process thereof |
| CN105418335A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-03-23 | 张秀丽 | Beneficial biological bacterium fermented microbial organic fertilizer |
| CN108840780A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-11-20 | 刘建富 | A kind of agricultural environmental protection organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109928838A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-06-25 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | Rosemary organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and the preparation method and application thereof |
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