CN112919985A

CN112919985A - Mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and production method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112919985A
Application number: CN201911145727.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨晓峰; 龚元成; 罗显树; 乐奎; 高英
Original assignee: Zhushan Lyugu Edible Fungus Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhushan Lyugu Edible Fungus Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2019-11-21
Publication date: 2021-06-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and a production method thereof, wherein the mushroom dreg organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of edible fungus stick, 25-35 parts of microbial fermentation agent, 3-6 parts of fermentation biogas slurry and 30-60 parts of clear water, wherein the edible fungus stick is made of wood chips, sawdust crushed materials and saccharification edible fungus materials of tree materials packaged by a polyethylene bag or made of a polyethylene bag packaging bag, a wood fiber material difficult to decompose and an edible fungus seat material, and the microbial fermentation agent comprises: 10-15 parts of 10-15% sheep manure powder and 5-10 parts of 0.5-1% urea. The invention has long fertilizer effect, stable release of fertilizer effect and comprehensive nutrition, can powerfully promote the growth, blossoming and fruiting of plants, improve the quality, taste and nutrition of agricultural products, can reach the green and pollution-free planting standard, improve the ecological environment, prevent the eutrophication of rivers and lakes, contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, can secrete bioactive substances, improve the soil structure, solve the soil hardening problem and has no harmful substances such as ova, germs and the like.

Description

Mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and production method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and a production method thereof.

Background

The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly prepared from animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like) through harmless treatment and decomposition. The biological organic fertilizer has the functions of improving soil, raising water and fertilizer maintaining capacity of soil, promoting plant growth, raising disease preventing and resisting capacity of plant, raising fertilizer utilization rate, repairing soil, degrading pesticide, etc.

According to the basic characteristic that organic solid waste can be recycled, waste materials (hereinafter collectively referred to as fungus materials) after the production of fresh edible fungi are combined with biogas slurry in a biogas pool, and the fungus materials and biogas slurry leavening agent (ingredients and biogas slurry or excrement and urine) are subjected to composting fermentation to be refined into organic fertilizer which meets the national regulations and can be used by plants to attract N, P, K and meet the humic substance content index standard, and the green millet fungus organic fertilizer is named.

The traditional organic fertilizer has relatively low nutrient content, slow fertilizer efficiency, poor stability sometimes, incomplete fermentation, low fertilizer maturity, easy seedling burning, high content of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like, easy propagation of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, and inconvenient application caused by odor in the fertilizer.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and a production method thereof, and solves the defects of relatively low nutrient content, slow fertilizer efficiency, poor stability in some cases, incomplete fermentation, low fertilizer maturity, easy seedling burning, high content of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metal and the like, easy propagation of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, and inconvenient application caused by odor in the fertilizer.

The invention provides a mushroom dreg organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of edible fungus sticks, 25-35 parts of microbial leavening agents, 3-6 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 30-60 parts of clear water.

Preferably, the edible fungus stick is made of wood chips, sawdust fragments and saccharification edible fungus materials which are made of tree materials and packaged by a polyethylene bag or made of a polyethylene bag packaging bag, a wood fiber material which is difficult to decompose and an edible fungus seat material.

Preferably, the microbial starter comprises: the edible fungus stick is made of wood chips, sawdust crushed materials and saccharified edible fungus materials which are made of tree materials and packaged by polyethylene bags or made of polyethylene bag packaging bags, wood fiber materials which are difficult to decompose and edible fungus seat materials.

Preferably, the microbial starter comprises: 10-15 parts of 10-15% sheep manure powder and 5-10 parts of 0.5-1% urea.

Preferably, the 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea are uniformly mixed, and the CN ratio of the 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea is 25-30.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermented biogas slurry to the mixture of 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea is 0.1-0.3%.

A production method of hydrophobic silica sol comprises the following production steps:

s1: manually or mechanically stripping fungus stick polyethylene bag, pulverizing fungus stick, and sieving to obtain 3-5mm granule.

S2: diluting to prepare a microbial starter, uniformly mixing 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea, and adjusting CN ratio to 25-30. Then adding the biogas slurry according to the weight of 0.1-0.3% of the ingredients.

S3: mixing diluted microbial starter with the bacterial granule, and adding water to adjust water content to 60-65%.

S4: stacking for fermentation for 24h after the materials are mixed, uniformly mixing by using a mixer, stacking and fermenting in a strip stacking manner, performing large-scale workshop type and large-shed type stacking, wherein the height of the general stacking is less than or equal to 1.5m, the width of the general stacking is less than or equal to 2.5m, the height of a small stack is 1:1.2, pouring biogas slurry into each cube for stacking and forming, covering the stacking with agricultural mulching film or grass, fermenting at high temperature, stirring and aerating by using a pile turning machine to ferment the stacking, and finishing the fermentation process generally within 40-60d, wherein the pile is turned regularly in the temperature rising period of the fermentation, so that the temperature of the stacking is not more than 70 ℃.

S5: and (3) performing secondary fermentation and aging, wherein the height of the secondary compost pile can reach 2m, the width and the length of the pile body are determined according to workshop conditions, air can be blown to the bottom of the pile body at regular time for ventilation, and long wood rods are used for pricking holes on the pile body for ventilation at regular intervals when necessary. The secondary compost is generally completely decomposed for 20-30 days.

S6, detecting indexes, wherein the fermented compost is brown to black brown in appearance; the water content is reduced to below 50 percent, the fertilizer is not sticky, the fertilizer blocks are soft, crisp and fragile, loose and scattered, and the fertilizer blocks are held by hands to form a cluster and scattered by slight touch; no foul odor (NH 3, H2, S), etc.; sewage does not flow, and the leaching solution is light yellow; no fly and maggot breeding; the compost volume ratio is 1/3-1/2 when just piled, and the detection results of a plurality of commonly used compost maturity indexes show that the C/N ratio is generally stabilized between 19 and 21, the NH < + > -N/ON3-N ratio is between 0.4 and 0.5, the T value terminal C/N/, (initial C/N) is between 0.65 and 0.68, the G1 value and the seed germination index) are more than 80 percent, and the compost maturity can be basically judged.

Preferably, the duration time of the heap temperature ≧ 55 ℃ is more than 18d, the duration time of the heap temperature ≧ 55 ℃ is 6-10d, and the state standard for maintaining the compost heap temperature at 55 ℃ for more than 3d or more than 50 ℃ for more than 5-7d is met or exceeded.

Preferably, the temperature of the stack is kept to be raised and preheated at 25-45 ℃ for 1-3 days, the active propagation of middle-humidity microorganisms is promoted, the stack is continuously fermented at 45-65 ℃ for 5-7 days to promote organic matters to be rapidly decomposed by thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and the like, harmful pathogenic microorganisms are killed, middle-temperature microorganisms are inhibited, malodor is eliminated, the stack is mechanically turned over for 2-3 times within 15-20 days, oxygen is forcibly supplied, the temperature is returned to 25-40 ℃, the stack is kept to promote secondary middle-temperature fermentation and after-ripening is promoted.

Preferably, after the strip stacks are piled for 5-10 days, the strip stacks are piled up and aerated, spread and radiated, and formed into particles.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the fertilizer has long and stable release of fertilizer effect and comprehensive nutrition, can powerfully promote the growth, blossoming and fruiting of plants, improve the quality, taste and nutrition of agricultural products, achieve the green and pollution-free planting standard, improve the ecological environment and prevent the eutrophication of rivers and lakes.

2. Contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, can secrete bioactive substances, improve the soil structure, solve the soil hardening problem and restore the self-production capacity of the soil.

3. The fertilizer has high maturity, does not cause seedling burning, does not contain harmful substances such as worm eggs, germs and the like, can prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, reduces the residual worm eggs and pathogenic bacteria in soil, and reduces continuous cropping obstacles. Reduce the use of pesticides, and degrade pesticide residues and heavy metal contents in plants and soil.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.

A mushroom dreg organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of edible fungus sticks, 25-35 parts of microbial leavening agents, 3-6 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 30-60 parts of clear water.

The production method of the mushroom dreg organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s1: the polyethylene bag of the fungus stick is peeled manually or mechanically, the fungus material crushed by the fungus stick powder is sieved by 3-5mm particles for standby, and the edible fungus stick is made of wood chips, sawdust crushed materials and saccharified edible fungus materials which are tree materials and packaged by the polyethylene bag or made of a polyethylene bag packaging bag, a wood fiber material which is difficult to decompose and an edible fungus seat material.

S2: diluting to prepare a microbial starter, uniformly mixing 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea, and adjusting CN ratio to 25-30. Adding biogas slurry according to 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the ingredients, wherein 10-15 parts of 10-15% sheep manure powder and 5-10 parts of 0.5-1% urea.

S4: stacking for fermentation for 24h after material preparation, mixing uniformly by a mixer, stacking and fermenting in a strip stacking manner, performing large-scale workshop type and large-shed type stacking, wherein the height of the stacking is generally less than or equal to 1.5m, the width of the stacking is less than or equal to 2.5m, the width of a small stack is preferably 1:1.2, the stacking is formed, biogas slurry is poured into each cube, agricultural mulching film or grass is used for covering the stacking, performing high-temperature fermentation, the duration time of the stacking temperature is not less than 55 ℃ is more than 18d, the duration time of the stacking temperature is not less than 55 ℃ is 6-10d, the national standard that the temperature of the stacking is maintained at 55 ℃ for more than 3d or more than 50 ℃ for 5-7d is reached or exceeded, stirring and aerating are performed by a pile-turning machine, so that the stacking fermentation process is generally completed for 40-60d, regularly turning the stacking during the temperature rising period of the fermentation, so that the stacking temperature is not more than 70 ℃, and the stacking is maintained for 1-3 days, and 25-45 ℃, promoting active propagation of middle-humidity microorganisms, continuously inoculating the stacks into a high-temperature fermentation tank at 45-65 ℃ for 5-7 days to promote quick decomposition of organic matters such as thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and the like, killing harmful pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting middle-temperature microorganisms, eliminating stink, mechanically turning the stacks for 2-3 times within 15-20 days, forcibly supplying oxygen and returning the temperature to 25-40 ℃, keeping the stacks to promote secondary middle-temperature fermentation and promote after-ripening, piling the stacks for 5-10 days, aerating, spreading and radiating heat, and forming particles.

S6, detecting indexes, wherein the fermented compost is brown to black brown in appearance; the water content is reduced to below 50 percent, the fertilizer is not sticky, the fertilizer blocks are soft, crisp and fragile, loose and scattered, and the fertilizer blocks are held by hands to form a cluster and scattered by slight touch; no foul smell NH3, H2, S, etc.; sewage does not flow, and the leaching solution is light yellow; no fly and maggot breeding; the compost volume ratio is 1/3-1/2 when just piled, and the detection results of a plurality of commonly used compost maturity indexes show that the C/N ratio is generally stabilized between 19 and 21, the NH < + > -N/ON3-N ratio is between 0.4 and 0.5, the T value terminal C/N/, (the initial C/N is between 0.65 and 0.68, the G1 value, and the seed germination index is more than 80 percent, so that the compost maturity can be basically judged.

According to the determination, the organic matter content of the fermented bacterial material organic fertilizer reaches 43-47% by dry basis, the fermented bacterial material organic fertilizer contains 1.2-1.4% of N, 1.5-1.9% of p2o51, 1.6-2.1% of K2O 1.6, 4.3-5.4% of total nutrients N + P2O5+ K2O by dry basis and 7.4-7.7 of PH, and the organic matter content of the fermented bacterial material organic fertilizer reaches or exceeds the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY525-2002 of the department of agriculture, which is not less than 30%, and the total nutrients N + P2O5+ K2O, which is not less than 4.0%, and the PH is 5.5-8.0.

The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has long fertilizer effect, stable release of the fertilizer effect and comprehensive nutrition, can powerfully promote the growth, blossoming and fruiting of plants, improve the quality, taste and nutrition of agricultural products, can reach the green and pollution-free planting standard, improve the ecological environment, prevent the eutrophication of rivers and lakes, contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, can secrete bioactive substances, improve the soil structure, solve the soil hardening problem, recover the self-production capacity of soil, has high fertilizer maturity, cannot cause harmful substances such as seedling burning, ova and germs, can prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, reduce the residual ova and pathogenic bacteria in soil and reduce continuous cropping obstacles. Reduce the use of pesticides, and degrade pesticide residues and heavy metal contents in plants and soil.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of edible fungus sticks, 25-35 parts of microbial leavening agents, 3-6 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 30-60 parts of clear water.

2. The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the edible mushroom sticks are made of wood chips, sawdust and saccharified edible mushroom spawn material of tree material packaged in polyethylene bags or made of polyethylene bag packaging bags, wood fiber material which is difficult to decompose and edible mushroom base material.

3. The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial fermentation agent comprises: 10-15 parts of 10-15% sheep manure powder and 5-10 parts of 0.5-1% urea.

4. The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and the production method thereof as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 10% -15% of sheep manure powder and the 0.5% -1% of urea are uniformly mixed, and the CN ratio of the 10% -15% of sheep manure powder and the 0.5% -1% of urea is 25-30.

5. The mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and the production method thereof as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixture weight ratio of the fermented biogas slurry, 10% -15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5% -1% of urea is 0.1% -0.3%.

6. A process for the production of a hydrophobic silica sol according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following production steps:

s1: manually or mechanically stripping a fungus stick polyethylene bag, pulverizing the fungus stick into powder (ground), and sieving to obtain 3-5mm granules;

s2: diluting to prepare a microbial starter, uniformly mixing 10-15% of sheep manure powder and 0.5-1% of urea, and adjusting CN ratio to 25-30; then adding biogas slurry according to 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the ingredients;

s3: uniformly mixing the diluted microbial starter culture and the standby bacterial material particles, and then adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%;

s4: stacking for fermentation for 24h after the materials are mixed, uniformly mixing by using a mixer, stacking and fermenting in a strip stacking manner, performing large-scale workshop type and large-shed type stacking, wherein the height of the stacking is less than or equal to 1.5m, the width of the stacking is less than or equal to 2.5m, the height of a small stack is preferably 1:1.2, biogas slurry is poured into each cube for stacking forming, agricultural mulching film or forage is used for covering the stacking, high-temperature fermentation is performed, stirring and aeration work are performed by using a stack-turning machine, so that the stacking fermentation is performed, the fermentation process is completed within 40-60d, and the stack is turned regularly in the temperature rise period of the fermentation, so that the stack temperature is not more than 70 ℃;

s5: performing secondary fermentation and aging, wherein the height of a secondary compost pile can reach 2m, the width and the length of the pile body are determined according to workshop conditions, air can be blown to the bottom of the pile body at regular time for ventilation, and long wood rods are used for pricking holes on the pile body for ventilation at regular intervals when necessary; the secondary compost is generally completely decomposed for 20-30 days;

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the duration of the heap temperature ≧ 55 ℃ is more than 18 days, the duration of the heap temperature ≧ 55 ℃ is 6-10 days, and the state standard for maintaining the compost heap temperature at 55 ℃ for 3 days or more or 50 ℃ or more for 5-7 days is met or exceeded.

8. The method for producing a hydrophobic silica sol according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the pile is raised and preheated at 25-45 ℃ for 1-3 days to promote active propagation of middle-humidity microorganisms, the pile is continuously fermented at 45-65 ℃ for 5-7 days to promote rapid decomposition of organic matters such as thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes, kill harmful pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit mesophilic microorganisms and eliminate offensive odor, the pile is mechanically turned over for 2-3 times within 15-20 days, oxygen is forcibly supplied, the temperature is returned to 25-40 ℃, the pile is maintained to promote secondary mesophilic fermentation and after ripening.

9. The process for producing a hydrophobic silica sol according to claim 6, wherein the strips are stacked for 5 to 10 days, and then are aerated by stacking, heat-dissipated by spreading, and granulated.