JP3417556B1 - Cut grass compost leachate and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cut grass compost leachate suitable for effective use of cut grass, which is regarded as general waste, and suitable for suppressing the growth of weeds in a plant cultivation field, and a method for producing the same. SOLUTION: Fermented material including cut grass is first composted by biodegradation using a fermenting microorganism mainly composed of at least one microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. This step is referred to as a primary fermentation step, and the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is further fermented and matured in a secondary fermentation step. In the course of this secondary fermentation step, the leachate leached from the compost is collected in a fermentation vessel and aerobically fermented, thereby fermenting and refining the cut grass compost leachate. The step of fermenting and purifying the cut grass compost leachate is referred to as a tertiary fermentation step. The obtained cut grass compost leachate has a pH of 6.0 to 9.5 and an EC concentration of 0.5 dSm in terms of a water-soluble solid content of 2%. ^-1 / cm
Not less than 4 dSm ^-1 / cm and a C / N ratio of not less than 1 and not more than 2
The fermentation purification is performed so as to be 0 or less.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a leachate of cut grass compost and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to a form suitable for effective use of grass cut as general waste and suitable for suppressing growth of weeds in plant cultivation fields. And a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Management of weeds that occur on slopes of rivers and roads is generally controlled according to the growth of weeds.
It is managed by cutting down weeds and drying, collecting, carrying out and incinerating the grass that is generated there. However, in recent years, due to the Dioxins Countermeasures Law, etc., it is not possible to easily incinerate, and it is necessary to incinerate in an incinerator that meets the emission standard for harmful substances such as dioxins. Therefore, how to dispose of a huge amount of grass that occurs over time has become a problem. Further, from the viewpoint of the incineration ability for such a large amount of grass that has been cut, it is becoming difficult to bring the grass into the incinerator in the first place.

As described above, it is becoming a situation in which the treatment of cut grass is no longer possible only by the method of incinerating cut grass, which is regarded as general waste. Therefore, in order to avoid such a current situation, various studies have been made on utilizing cut grass as an effective resource. One of the representative ones is one that reuses cut grass as compost (for example, Patent Document 1).

On the other hand, regarding a plant cultivation field on the side where compost is applied, the occurrence of weeds leads to a decrease in the amount of crops of agricultural products to be cultivated, so weeding work is carried out to suppress or prevent the growth of weeds. Is required. As a method of this weeding, a physical method of cultivating or a chemical method using a herbicide is used. Among them, the use of chemical pesticides, which is a chemical method, is required to be avoided as much as possible from the viewpoint of food safety and reduction of environmental load. In addition, cultivating, which is a physical method, requires an excessive amount of labor, and there is a limit to the expected herbicidal effect. Therefore, there is a demand for a herbicidal material capable of obtaining a sufficient herbicidal effect as a substitute for a chemical pesticide while reducing the workload of the weeding work. One of the typical herbicidal materials is a microbial material,
It is attracting attention as a microbial pesticide. Specifically, one that uses a microorganism that exhibits a growth-inhibiting effect on a specific weed to be weeded (for example, Patent Document 2) and one that uses a metabolite of a microorganism (for example, Patent Document 3). Etc. are disclosed.

[0005]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-240784

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-101874

[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-110136

[0006]

As described above, from the viewpoint of effective use of cut grass, it has been attempted to make cut grass into compost by a composting process. However, regarding the leachate leached from the compost in the process of composting the grass, the so-called compost leachate, the same as when composting other than grass,
Due to its high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and odor, its effective use has not been achieved. In such a compost leachate, for example, a method of re-injecting into the compost in the process of composting treatment, or a water regulator or an inorganic retention agent in the compost during the process of composting treatment in order to suppress the generation of compost leachate. Have been made. As described above, the compost leachate is generally recognized as a negative product. Therefore, from the viewpoint of effective use of cut grass, as well as the compost obtained by composting cut grass, the compost leachate generated during the process of making cut grass can be effectively used for plant cultivation. This is an important issue.

On the other hand, a method using a microbial material has been described above as a method for making effective weeding in a plant cultivation field. However, when a microbial material is used as a herbicide, it acts only on specific weeds, and in addition to suppressing the growth of weeds, it also adversely affects the growth of agricultural products to be cultivated. Is assumed.
Therefore, regarding weeding in a plant cultivation field, it is possible to suppress the growth of a wide variety of weeds,
In addition to safety, it is necessary to consider that it does not hinder the growth of agricultural products to be raised. Therefore, the search for materials that meet the requirements for herbicides, including these safety factors, is an important issue.Further speaking, the above-mentioned compost leachate is effectively used in a form that includes the requirements for this herbicide. It can be said that optimizing as much as possible can be a very important issue in order to further increase the effectiveness of application to plant cultivation fields. The present invention is exactly made in view of this problem, that is, the present invention is in a form suitable for effective use of grass weeds that are regarded as general waste, and suitable for suppressing weed growth in plant cultivation fields. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cut grass compost leachate and a method for producing the same.

[0008]

[Means and Actions / Effects for Solving the Problems] The method for producing a leachate of a compost of cut grass of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method of composting fermented material containing cut grass by biodegradation by fermenting microorganisms. Fermentation step, secondary fermentation step of further fermenting and aging the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step, and aerobically fermented with the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation step in a fermentation container. By including a tertiary fermentation step of fermenting and refining the exudate of the cut grass compost, as the fermenting microorganism, one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are mainly used, and further, the cut grass compost obtained in the tertiary fermentation step. The leachate has a pH of 6.0 or more and 9.5 or less and an EC concentration of 0.5 dSm ^-1 / cm or more and 4 dSm ^-1 / cm or less in terms of a water-soluble solid content of 2%, and a C / N ratio. It is characterized in that it is adjusted to be 1 or more and 20 or less.

In the method for producing a leachate of cut grass compost according to the present invention, the material to be fermented which is subjected to a composting treatment by biodegradation using a fermenting microorganism contains cut grass. That is,
The purpose is to recycle the grass that is treated as general waste as compost leachate through the composting process. Therefore, the term “mowed grass” as used in this specification means a river embankment, a road slope,
It refers to so-called weeds that are discharged during weeding work in parks and the like. The type of this weed is not particularly limited, but, for example, occurs from spring to summer, Chigaya,
Mouse mulberry, Suzunochabiki, Naginatagaya, Kozorina, Butana, Yahazupea, Noa thistle, Halzion, Stunted Dandelion, Horsetail, etc. , Nesasa, cannabis, kakuenokokurogusa, chinensis, yomena, retinalis and the like.

As described above, the material to be fermented is supposed to include grass, and the material to be fermented is subjected to biodegradation by a fermenting microorganism to carry out each of a primary fermentation step, a secondary fermentation step and a tertiary fermentation step. By fermenting in the fermentation process of No. 1, a sap of cut grass compost is produced. The fermenting microorganisms that mainly promote fermentation in these fermentation steps are one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. Further, the one or more kinds of microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are not limited to those that are harmful to animals and plants, such as carbon bacterium, and are not limited as long as they can promote fermentation. The advantage of using a microorganism of the genus Bacillus is, in particular, that fermentation can be promoted more. Moreover, since microorganisms of the genus Bacillus have strong resistance, it is possible to sufficiently maintain the fermentative decomposition power even in the third fermentation step of fermenting and refining the cut grass compost leachate. Thus, a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (hereinafter, simply referred to as a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus)
By using, it becomes possible to efficiently ferment and decompose fermented material including grass. Further, as to form the basis of the present invention, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors,
When the grass was fermented and decomposed by using a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, it was found that the final fermented and refined product, the exudate of the cut grass compost, had a very excellent herbicidal effect. That is, by applying the cut grass compost leachate according to the present invention to a plant cultivation field, it is possible to effectively suppress or prevent the germination of weed seeds such as perennial weeds and annual weeds, and thus effectively generate weeds. Can be suppressed or prevented. The herbicidal effect of this cut grass compost exudate is expressed by a combination of cut grass and Bacillus microorganisms for fermenting the cut grass, so that it exists in the cut grass compost exudate, and the Bacillus microorganism is present in the process of fermenting cut grass. It is presumed that this is due to the action of the metabolites generated.

The above Bacillus microorganism may be one cultured in a solid medium or a liquid medium,
It may be cultivated by using food unnecessary substances, livestock manure, etc. as a base material, and may be derived from sludge, livestock manure, etc. Therefore, for example, a material containing a Bacillus microorganism may be used as one of the constituent raw materials of the material to be fermented, or a material containing a Bacillus microorganism is added to the material to be fermented in a form not belonging to the material to be fermented. A fermentation process may be performed. Further, as the fermented material, first, it may be in a form containing at least cut grass, for example, the fermented material may be composed only of cut grass, in addition to cut grass,
Such as food waste, wood waste, livestock manure, sludge, and rice husks,
A known material for composting may be used as the constituent material.

As described above, the fermented material is composted in the primary fermentation process mainly using one or more fermenting microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, and the compost obtained by the composting is used as a secondary compost. Fermentation and ripening is performed in the fermentation process, and the leachate leached from the compost in the process is collected in a fermentation container.
Then, the leachate collected in the fermentation container is fermented and refined in the third fermentation step to produce the cut grass compost leachate of the present invention. In these fermentation processes, the tertiary fermentation process of fermenting and refining the leachate requires aeration and stirring, and more preferably aerobic fermentation by aeration and stirring. The leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation process contains a large amount of ammonia, lower fatty acids, amines, sulfides, nitriding substances such as skatole, and has a bad odor. It Therefore, it is necessary to ferment it faster. Therefore, by fermenting the leachate by aerobic fermentation, the fermentation rate can be increased as compared with anaerobic fermentation. In addition, by using a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus as the fermenting microorganism, it becomes possible to efficiently and harmlessly remove the leaching liquid of the compost of the cut grass compost that is fermented and purified.

As described above, the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation step needs to be fermented faster.
Therefore, the compost leachate can be fermented even faster by adding fermenting microorganisms such as Bacillus microorganisms to the leachate again. In addition, the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation process is collected in a container different from the fermentation container for fermentation and purification, and the fermented microorganisms are trained in the leachate of the container, and the tertiary fermentation process It is also possible to ferment the leachate even faster by adding it to the leachate in the fermentation vessel to be fermented and refined in.

The cut grass compost leachate produced as described above makes harmless what has been conventionally harmful and has an excellent herbicidal effect. In order to promote the growth of the agricultural product cultivated by growing the plant, that is, to effectively apply it to a plant cultivation field, it is manufactured so that the pH, EC concentration, and C / N ratio fall within the above numerical ranges. To have these numerical ranges,
The fermentation period of the tertiary fermentation step may be appropriately adjusted depending on the constituent material of the material to be fermented and the like. An explanation of the numerical range provided for each is given below.

The pH serves as an index showing the progress of fermentation, and the pH decreases with the progress of the fermentation. If the pH is higher than 9.5, fermentation is insufficient, the concentration of ammonia is high, and the smell of ammonia is strong. That is, there are many undecomposed ions such as ammonia ions. When applied to the soil in such a state, the odor of ammonia makes it easier for pests to approach, and results in suppressing the growth of agricultural products to be grown, such as salt damage. On the other hand, when the pH is less than 6.0, nitric acid-based nitrous acid is generated and the acidity becomes strong. When applied to the soil in such a state, it may lead to poor growth of agricultural products and poor soil. Therefore, p
It is desirable that H be 6.0 or more and 9.5 or less.

Next, regarding the EC concentration showing the electric conductivity, when it is higher than 4 dSm ^-1 / cm, fermentation is insufficient and many undecomposed ions such as ammonium ions are present. If it is applied to the soil in this state, problems such as salt damage that deteriorate the growth of agricultural products will occur. On the other hand, when the EC concentration is less than 0.5 dSm ^-1 / cm, mineralization proceeds, and the components effective for soil such as nitrogen components decrease. Therefore, the EC concentration is 0.5d
It is desirable that it is Sm ⁻¹ / cm or more and 4 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or less. The EC concentration here is a water-soluble solid when ammonia water, nitrate ion, potassium ion, sodium chloride, sugars, decomposed products such as amino acids, etc. present in the leachate of turf compost is water, except water-soluble solids such as amino acids. It is a value in terms of a water-soluble solid content of 2% in terms of the content weight of 2%.

Next, regarding the C / N ratio, when it is more than 20, the fermentation is insufficient and the nitrogen component is small.
Nitrogen starvation is more likely to occur when applied to soil. On the other hand, when the C / N ratio is less than 1, the mineralization proceeds excessively, and the absolute amount of components effective for soil such as nitrogen components and carbon components decreases. Therefore, it is desirable that the C / N ratio is 1 or more and 20 or less.

As described above, p in the leachate of cut grass compost is
By optimizing the H value, the EC concentration value and the C / N ratio, the produced cut grass compost leachate is to promote the growth of agricultural products in a plant cultivation field while having an excellent weeding effect. You can Further, since the cut grass compost leachate itself can be regarded as a herbicide, the cut grass compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention can be effectively applied to organic cultivation. In addition, the plant cultivation field in this specification refers to a field for growing agricultural products, including general fields, and the plant refers to known agricultural products including grains.

Next, the method for producing a leachate of cut grass compost according to the present invention is characterized in that in the primary fermentation step, the material to be fermented is composted by using at least one of food waste and wood waste. .

As described above, the primary fermentation step in the present invention is connected to the secondary fermentation step of fermenting and aging, and the tertiary fermentation step of fermenting the leachate leached from the compost in the step of the secondary fermentation step. , Fermented materials including grass,
It is a process of composting by biodegradation by fermenting microorganisms mainly composed of Bacillus microorganisms. Therefore, this primary fermentation step is particularly preferably performed by using at least one of food waste and wood waste. For example, even when the material to be fermented is composed of only cuttings, the obtained cuttings compost leachate will of course have the effects as described above, but there will be an absolute amount of nitrogen component in the resulting cuttings compost leachate. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out the primary fermentation step with a sufficient nitrogen source secured. Food waste and wood waste, especially food waste contains more nitrogen sources than cut grass. Therefore, by performing the primary fermentation process using at least one of these food waste and wood waste, it becomes possible to sufficiently secure the nitrogen component in the finally obtained cut grass compost leachate, and in the cut grass compost leachate. The applicability to the plant cultivation field can be further enhanced. In addition,
In addition to mowing grass, it may be a material to be fermented that contains at least one of food waste and wood waste, or a product obtained by composting at least one of food waste and wood waste, returned compost Alternatively, the primary fermentation process may be performed in addition to the material to be fermented in a form not belonging to the material to be fermented. Further, when unnecessary wood materials are used, the content of polyphenol, which is a decomposition product such as lignin derived from wood, can be high in the leachate of cut grass compost. As a result, the amount of base substitution (CE
It is possible to increase the C concentration), which in turn makes it possible to enhance the antibacterial action. Taking into consideration the advantages of using this wood-unnecessary substance, in particular, by performing the primary fermentation step using food-unnecessary substances and wood-unnecessary substances, the applicability of the grass-cut compost leachate to plant cultivation fields is further enhanced. be able to.

The above-mentioned food wastes specifically include leftover food, cooking residues, animal bones, meat residues, rice husks, vegetable scraps, fish bones, fish roes, okara, confectionery scraps, potato scraps, beer grounds, etc. It refers to organic waste associated with known foods, regardless of animal or plant property. In that sense, food waste includes food products discarded from supermarkets, convenience stores, and the like. Therefore, such food waste is not particularly limited as long as it is not accompanied by a component that suppresses fermentation, such as packaging vinyl, and various animal and plant food wastes are included in the present invention. Is applicable to. In other words, as food waste,
Any animal or plant residue derived from food can be preferably used in the present invention. Then, it is possible to effectively promote the fermentation in the primary fermentation step, the secondary fermentation step, and the tertiary fermentation step by using such food wastes as animal and plant residues derived from foods.

The above-mentioned unnecessary wood material refers to a known wood material that is an organic waste material to be discarded at a sawmill or forestry work. Therefore, the wood used as the unnecessary wood material is not particularly limited, but preferably, the unnecessary wood material is one or more of bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips, bark, and tree pruning waste. Bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips, bark, and tree pruning waste are desirable because they are easily fermented and have an appropriate size and thickness. Furthermore, it can be said that the wood waste is preferably one or more kinds of wood chips, bark and tree pruning waste that are more easily shredded. Further, particularly, wood chips, bark, tree pruning waste and the like derived from coniferous trees having a large content of lignin, tannin and the like, which are fermented and decomposed into polyphenols, are suitable.

As described above, in each of the fermentation steps of the present invention, the fermenting microorganisms that promote fermentation predominantly are one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. As the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, it is particularly preferable to use one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus acidocaldarius. Among these, Bacillus subtilis has a particularly high fermentative decomposition power that promotes fermentation. Therefore, it is particularly desirable to mainly use one type of Bacillus subtilis or two or more types belonging to the genus Bacillus including at least Bacillus subtilis as the fermenting microorganism. As described above, by mainly using Bacillus subtilis belonging to the genus Bacillus as the fermenting microorganism, it becomes possible to further increase the fermentation efficiency when producing the exudate of the hay compost, and the metabolites of the fermenting microorganism increase. Therefore, it is possible to further enhance the weeding effect of the obtained leachate of the cut grass compost. In addition, when two types of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis are mainly used as fermenting microorganisms, Bacillus thuringiensis is generally known to have a pest repellent effect, and the obtained exudate of cut grass compost is obtained. It is possible to further improve the applicability of the above to the plant cultivation field.

Next, as a fermenting microorganism mainly composed of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, one derived from activated sludge is particularly preferable. Activated sludge is obtained by fermenting sewage, night soil, etc. by aeration. Such a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus derived from activated sludge is particularly excellent in fermentation decomposition power and also has a strong antagonistic power against pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is desirable to mainly use a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus derived from activated sludge as the fermenting microorganism. By using a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus derived from such activated sludge, it becomes possible to further increase the fermentation efficiency in producing a slaughter solution of cut grass compost, and it is also possible to increase the metabolites by the fermenting microorganisms. It becomes possible to further enhance the weeding effect of the leachate of the cut grass compost. Further, since it has a strong antagonistic force against pathogenic bacteria, it becomes possible to further enhance the applicability of the exudate of the cut grass compost to the plant cultivation field.

The fermenting microorganisms described so far are considered.
Microbial Concentrations of Bacillus Microorganisms in Leachate of Harvest Compost
Is 10^ThreeLeachate of cut grass compost so that the number of pieces per ml or more
It is desirable to adjust the fermentation period for fermenting and purifying
Yes. The microbial concentration is 10^ThreeWhen it is less than the number / ml, weeds
When the manure leachate was applied to the field for plant cultivation, it settled slightly on the soil.
We were unable to secure a sufficient number of organisms to settle, and plant cultivation
Effectively enhance the sustainability of the herbicidal effect after application to the field.
It is assumed that there is no case. Also, in the same way, against pathogenic bacteria
It is assumed that the antagonistic force to perform does not work sufficiently. here
The upper limit of the microbial concentration is not particularly limited, but
Usually, when the number of microorganisms becomes too large, the microorganisms compete with each other.
There is an upper limit for the microbial concentration that is allowed for each other
It For spore-forming bacteria such as microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus
In general, the upper limit is 10 ¹¹Pieces / ml
To be done. Therefore, the concentration of fermenting microorganisms in the leachate of the cut grass compost was
10 degrees^Three10 pieces / ml or more¹¹Less than / piece / ml
It is desirable to be adjusted as follows. Furthermore, it is harmful
From spring to summer when the number of pathogenic bacteria
Organism concentration 10^Three10 pieces / ml or more¹¹Pieces / ml or less
It is desirable to adjust so that there is more in the range
It can be said that In addition, it is more effective after being applied to plant cultivation fields.
From the perspective of enhancing the maintenance of herbicidal effect, fermentative microorganisms
Concentration 10^Three10 pieces / ml or more¹¹Range / piece / ml or less
In particular, especially 10⁵Adjust to more than 1 piece / ml
Is desirable, and for that matter, within this fermentative microorganism concentration
The number of spore-forming bacteria is 10⁵It is recommended that the number of cells / ml or more.

Next, the volume ratio of the cut grass to the total volume of the fermented material in the production method of the present invention is adjusted to 30% or more. If the volume ratio of cut grass to the total volume of fermented material is less than 30%, the weeding effect of cut grass compost leachate may not function sufficiently. Therefore, it is desirable to adjust the volume ratio of cut grass to the total volume of fermented material to be 30% or more. Further, the upper limit of the volume ratio of the cut grass to the total volume of the fermented material is not particularly limited. For example, if the fermented material is composed of only the cut grass, the upper limit is 100%.

The leachate of the cut grass compost of the present invention is finally fermented and purified in the tertiary fermentation step. Therefore, the fermentation period in the tertiary fermentation step is appropriately adjusted so as to optimize the leachate of the cut grass compost within the numerical range of the above-mentioned predetermined parameters such as pH. Therefore, the respective fermentation periods in the primary fermentation process and the secondary fermentation process are not particularly limited as long as they are approximately the same as those performed in the usual composting process. However, by performing the primary fermentation step, particularly the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step by aerobic fermentation, each fermentation can be efficiently performed. Therefore, as a guideline, the fermentation period of the primary fermentation step in the case of aerobic fermentation is sufficient if it is carried out for one day or more, during which ventilation or cutting back is performed as necessary. If it is less than one day, fermentation may be unpurified, leading to a problem that fermentation and ripening in the secondary fermentation step do not proceed effectively. In addition, the upper limit of the fermentation period at this time is not limited, but considering the work efficiency, it is 1
If it is set to 0 days, the purpose of the primary fermentation step will be sufficiently fulfilled. As described above, the fermentation period of the primary fermentation step is preferably set to 1 day or more. Next, in the secondary fermentation step in the case of aerobic fermentation, the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is deposited and watered at a place for aging, and the fermentation step is performed. Therefore, during the fermentation period, if it is less than 10 days, the fermentation and aging is not sufficient,
An excessive fermentation period is required to ferment and purify the leachate leached from the compost during this fermentation period as a leachate for cut grass compost. Therefore, it is particularly preferable that the secondary fermentation step in the case of aerobic fermentation is 10 days or more. Further, the upper limit, the longer it is possible to proceed the fermentation, but if the mineralization of the compost proceeds excessively, the leachate leached from the compost also becomes excessively mineralized,
For example, it is assumed that the value is smaller than the lower limit value of a predetermined parameter such as the above-mentioned EC concentration related to the cut grass compost leachate. Therefore, the upper limit value is preferably set to about 120 days, taking work efficiency into consideration.

In the primary fermentation step, first, the fermented material that is aerated and agitated in a commonly used composting device is accumulated, or in another composting device, ventilated or It may be carried out in two steps of turning back and fermenting. in this case,
The period including the two stages is the fermentation period of the primary fermentation process.
The secondary fermentation process is also the same, and the fermentation may be carried out in a composting apparatus while stirring, and the fermentation process may be carried out in two steps of accumulating and turning back if necessary. Also in this case, the period including the two stages is the fermentation period of the secondary fermentation process. Furthermore, the timing of collecting the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation step is not particularly limited. That is, even if the leachate leached from the compost in the initial stage of the secondary fermentation process is collected, it does not cause any other problem. However, as a matter of course, the compost having a fermentation period of less than 10 days in the secondary fermentation step has an immature degree of immaturity. Therefore, in order to use the leachate leached from the compost as the cut grass compost leachate in the tertiary fermentation step, It will be necessary to extend the fermentation and purification period. In the third fermentation process, since it is necessary to forcibly aerate and agitate the collected leachate, from the viewpoint of this work efficiency, in particular, the compost having a fermentation period of 10 days or more in the second fermentation process is used. It is desirable to collect the leachate that leach more.

Up to this point, the constituent requirements for making the cut grass compost leachate in the method for producing a cut grass compost leachate of the present invention effective for growing agricultural products in a plant cultivation field in a form having an excellent weeding effect. Said. As described above, the cut grass compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention is suitable for effective use of cut grass, which is regarded as general waste, and suitable for suppressing growth of weeds in plant cultivation fields.

Therefore, by applying the leachate of the cut grass compost produced by the production method of the present invention to the soil, it is possible to effectively suppress the growth of weeds in the field for cultivating plants, and at the same time, produce the agricultural product to be cultivated. It is possible to promote the growth of the agricultural product without inhibiting the growth of the agricultural product.
As the application method, a method of applying the exudate of the cut grass compost or a diluted one thereof to the soil, or applying it to the soil as irrigation can be adopted.

Further, it is possible to apply the cut grass compost leachate to the soil by mixing it with a known compost in which unnecessary substances such as wood and unnecessary substances for food are composted or mixed with fertilizer. Of course, in the compost fermented and aged in the secondary fermentation process of the present invention,
It is also possible to apply the leachate of cut grass compost mixed to the soil.

[0032]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The embodiments of the present invention will be described below in accordance with the manufacturing method.
It is an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Figure 1
Fig. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a production process of the method for producing a leachate of hay compost of the present invention. First, a fermented material containing grass is prepared. The weeds used here are those obtained by cutting down weeds that have grown on the slopes of rivers and roads, leaving them to dry so that they are easy to collect, and then collecting and carrying them out. Then, the carried grass is shredded and mixed to obtain a fermented material. In addition to grass, for example, food waste,
When the organic waste such as unnecessary wood materials and livestock manure is used as the material to be fermented, the organic waste is mixed with cut grass to form the material to be fermented. Primary fermentation is carried out in which the material to be fermented is deposited or put into a commonly used composting device to add water, and composting is performed while ventilation or cutting is performed as necessary. This corresponds to the primary fermentation process. When it is necessary to ferment the fermented material in a large amount, it is necessary to mix the fermented material containing grass with a mixer. In that case, the constituent raw materials of the material to be fermented including the cut grass may be put into a commonly used composting device and fermented while being aerated and stirred. In this way, the one using only the composting device may be used as the primary fermentation step, or the fermentation in the composting device may be set as one stage, and then the taken out product may be deposited or fermented in another composting device. The two stages may be the primary fermentation process. In addition, in the primary fermentation step, the water content is adjusted one by one to add water in order to allow the fermentation to proceed without any trouble. The standard of this moisture adjustment is
It is preferable that the water content is within the range of 30 to 70% with respect to the capacity of the material to be fermented.

As the above-mentioned cut grass which is the material to be fermented, it is particularly preferable to use one that has been once dried so that the water content (% by weight) is 70% or less. In this way, once the moisture content is dried to 70% or less, the grass can be made highly breathable, and further, the biodegradation by the fermenting microorganisms can be further promoted. Further, more desirably, it is preferably dried once so that the water content is 45% or less. Here, the lower limit value of the water content rate at the time of drying is not particularly limited, but for example, 10% may be set as the lower limit value in consideration of work efficiency related to drying including the drying period. In addition, once the work to dry the water content to 70% or less is performed when the weeds that have grown up on the slopes of rivers and roads have been mowed down and then dried so that they can be easily collected. Alternatively, the grass may be collected and carried out, and then dried again. Further, although the cost is high, from the viewpoint of shortening the drying period, artificial drying may be performed instead of natural drying. Here, the grass to be fermented material may be at least once dried so that the water content is 70% or less, and for example, due to rainfall, the water content is again 70%. It may exceed. Of course, better, it can be said that the grass having a water content of 70% or less is suitable at the stage of using it as a material to be fermented.

In the process of composting in the primary fermentation process, the composting material containing the material to be fermented,
Alternatively, it is desirable to perform the fermentation process so that the central portion of the composting material containing the material to be fermented in the composting device reaches 60 ° C. or higher. The central portion referred to here will be described using the schematic view of FIG. 2 as an example. FIG. 2 (a) shows the case where the composting material 5 containing the material to be fermented is deposited, for example, on the surface of the support 20 whose ground surface is covered with concrete so as to form a trapezoidal trapezoid. FIG. On the other hand, FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of essential parts when the composting material 5 containing the material to be fermented is put into the composting device 10. When the composting material 5 is deposited as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the central portion S thereof corresponds to the illustrated portion of the cross section having a substantially trapezoidal shape, and as shown in FIG. 2 (b). When the material 5 is put into the composting device 10, the central portion S thereof corresponds to the illustrated portion of the substantially rectangular cross section. Therefore, in the process of composting in the primary fermentation step, weed seeds are attached to the cutting material, which is a constituent raw material of the fermented material, by setting the central part of the composting material to be 60 ° C. or higher. Even in this case, germination of the weed seeds can be effectively stopped, and even if the fermented material is contaminated with an animal or plant pathogen, it can be effectively sterilized. As a result, the compost produced in the primary fermentation step can be made more suitable for plant cultivation, and the finally produced cut grass compost leachate can be made more suitable for application in plant cultivation fields. Here, as a method of setting the central portion of the composting material to 60 ° C. or higher, artificial heating is not essential. This is because, for example, when fermenting the material to be fermented by the microorganism, the temperature may be 90 ° C. or higher due to the heat of self-fermentation generated by the material to be fermented. Of course, according to the composting conditions in the primary fermentation process such as the constituent materials of the fermented material and the environmental temperature due to the weather, the center of the composting material is appropriately heated in addition to the self-fermentation heat. The part may be 60 ° C. or higher.
Further, the upper limit of the temperature in the central portion of the composting material is not particularly limited, even if it is not excessively high temperature,
Since the effect itself such as stopping the germination of weed seeds can be sufficiently obtained, for example, it is sufficient to set 90 ° C. as the upper limit value. As described above in the section “Means and Actions / Effects for Solving Problems”, the composting of the material to be fermented in the primary fermentation step is performed mainly using Bacillus microorganisms. It can also be expected that the metabolites produced when fermenting grass cuttings by microorganisms effectively stop the germination of weed seeds. Therefore, it is possible to effectively stop the germination of weed seeds even if the core temperature of the composting material is set lower than the heating temperature for simply heating the weed seeds by moist heat to stop the germination. It can be said that there is.

Further, in the primary fermentation step,
After the central part of the composting material reaches 60 ° C or higher, the composting material is cut back, and the work of setting the central part to 60 ° C or higher is repeatedly performed to stop the germination of the weed seeds and sterilize the animal and plant pathogens. It can also be more effective.

As for the composting material which is the raw material for compost to be composted in the primary fermentation step, the primary fermentation step may be carried out by adding Bacillus microorganisms only as the fermented material containing grass. Alternatively, the composting material may be only the fermented material containing grass, and the primary fermentation step may be performed using an organic waste containing Bacillus microorganisms as one constituent material of the fermented material. Furthermore, the composting material is composed of a fermented material containing grass and, separately, an activated sludge having Bacillus microorganisms, or a fermented material containing grass and a waste wood material are composted. It may be composed of wood compost or general compost in which food waste is composted. That is, at least, in the form that the composting material has a fermented material containing grass, to compost using a Bacillus microorganism as a fermenting microorganism that mainly promotes fermentation, the first purpose of the primary fermentation step. Is.

Next, the compost fermented and refined by composting in the primary fermentation step is then deposited and hydrolyzed at a deposition location for fermenting and aging, and is fermented and aged while being cut back if necessary. Next fermentation is performed. This corresponds to the secondary fermentation process. Also in this secondary fermentation step, as in the primary fermentation step, the water content is adjusted one by one in order to allow the fermentation and ripening to proceed without hindrance.
In addition, the guideline for this moisture adjustment is that the water content in the compost is
It is advisable to carry out so as to be in the range of 40 to 65% by weight. The primary fermentation process and the secondary fermentation process up to here are
It can be performed without any change from the usual composting process. Therefore, the fermentation period in each step does not need to be particularly careful as long as it is approximately the same as that usually performed, but in particular, both the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step are carried out by aerobic fermentation. Is desirable. By using aerobic fermentation, it becomes possible to improve fermentation efficiency more than anaerobic fermentation, and it is possible to improve production efficiency. Further, the fermentation period of each of the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step is not particularly limited, but for example, in the case of aerobic fermentation, it is sufficient that the primary fermentation step is performed for one day or more, and for example, 10 days as an upper limit value. You can leave it. On the other hand, the secondary fermentation is sufficient if it is carried out for 10 days or more. For example, 120 days may be set as the upper limit value. Further, the fermentation period depends on the constituent materials of the material to be fermented and climatic conditions such as temperature, but if the fermentation period is the above, the fermentation can be promoted in each fermentation process without any problem.

Next, in the secondary fermentation step, the leachate is leached from the compost in the process. This leachate is collected in a fermentation vessel. Also, by preparing a plurality of fermentation vessels, the amount of leachate to be collected can be increased. The fermentation container here is not particularly limited as long as it does not leak, but a tank-shaped container capable of ensuring a capacity is preferable. In addition, if this leachate flows into the external environment as it is, it will lead to environmental deterioration. Therefore, the leachate should be collected in the fermentation vessel through a specially provided groove from the place where the compost was deposited in the secondary fermentation step. The leachate collected in this way is fermented and refined while being aerated and stirred to obtain a leachate of cut grass compost. This corresponds to the third fermentation process. Further, when the leachate collected in the fermentation container is subjected to fermentation purification, a new leachate may be collected in the same fermentation container, but this leads to a reduction in the progress of fermentation in the fermentation purification. Therefore, when newly collecting leachate in the same collection container, leave it for a certain period, for example, about 5 days,
It is desirable to collect them.

During the fermentation period for fermentation and purification in the tertiary fermentation step, the cultivated grass compost leachate to be fermented and purified has a superior herbicidal effect, without disturbing the growth of agricultural products in plant cultivation fields, It is appropriately adjusted so as to promote the growth. In addition, as a parameter for controlling the quality of the leachate of the cut grass compost, which is related to the fermentation period in this tertiary fermentation step, pH, EC concentration, C /
The N ratio can be mentioned. These values are measured, and if it is within a predetermined allowable range, the tertiary fermentation step may be terminated at that point. Further, since these values relatively correlate with each other, for example, a method of measuring one of them and terminating the tertiary fermentation step at that time may be used if it is within an allowable range. In this way, the cut grass compost leachate fermented and purified in the third fermentation step can be effectively applied to a plant cultivation field in a form having an excellent weeding effect.

The leach liquor of the compost of the present invention produced by the steps as described above has an excellent herbicidal effect, and at the same time, the growth of the agricultural product can be carried out without inhibiting the growth of the agricultural product in the plant cultivation field. Will be promoted.
Therefore, by applying the cut grass compost leachate produced in such a process, or diluted one to the soil,
It is possible to effectively suppress or prevent the growth of weeds in a plant cultivation field, and it is possible to effectively promote the growth of the agricultural product without inhibiting the growth of the agricultural product to be grown. Further, here, as the method of applying to the soil, the cuttings compost manure exudate produced by the production method of the present invention, or the diluted one is sprayed on the soil, or the method used as irrigation is adopted. You can In addition to such application methods, it is also possible to use a method of mixing with known fertilizers or composts. When mixed with fertilizer or compost, for example, it is possible to mix it with general compost or wood compost, which is richer in nitrogen content than cut grass, is composted with food waste and wood waste, In particular, it becomes possible to further improve the applicability to soils that require nitrogen components.

Examples carried out to confirm the effects of the present invention will be shown below.

Example 1 A leachate of cut grass compost was produced according to the above-mentioned production method. First, weeds that thrive on river embankments were cut down, dried in the sun until their moisture content reached 30% (natural drying), and then collected and taken out to be used as fermented material for cuttings. . Here, the water content of 30% is not the result of measurement for all weeds that have been cut down, but the result of measurement on behalf of approximately 100 weeds. In addition, here, the influence of rainfall does not occur, and the moisture content of the cut grass as the material to be fermented is less than 30% in consideration of the dryness in the process of being carried out. In addition, the cuttings used here are derived from the weeds that are growing in June, and the types are as follows: Chigaya, rye, Suginotobiki, Naginatagaya, Kozorina, Butana, Yahazupea, Noa Thistle, Halzion,
Examples include dandelion and horsetail. Then, in Example 1, in addition to cutting grass, food unnecessary substances discharged from food factories and food distribution facilities were used as constituent materials of the material to be fermented. Here, the volume ratio of cut grass in the fermented material is 80%
And the volume ratio of undesired foods was set to 20%. For such fermented material, a known wood compost made by composting wood chips discharged from a sawmill facility is added as a return compost, and at the same time, a fermenting microorganism that composts the fermented material by biodegradation is activated. Activated sludge was added as derived from sludge. Here, in terms of the volume ratio to the material to be fermented, the wood compost was 10% and the activated sludge was 5%. Water was added to the composting material having such constitutional conditions so as to have a water content of 60% by volume with respect to the material to be fermented, and it was deposited as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. And it ventilated and cut and fermented. The fermentation period in such a primary fermentation process was set to one day. In this primary fermentation step, each time the temperature of the central portion of the deposited composting material was measured with a thermometer and was determined to be 60 ° C., switching was performed each time.

Next, the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is
It was deposited in another place, water was added to it, and it was cut back and fermented and aged. The leachate leached from the fermenter having a fermentation period of 10 days in the secondary fermentation step was collected in a fermentation container. Then, the collected leachate is aerated.
The mixture was stirred and fermented and purified. The relationship between the fermentation period of the fermentation purification and the fermentation status of the leachate was examined by measuring the pH, EC concentration (dSm ⁻¹ / cm) and C / N ratio of the leachate. pH is measured with a pH meter, EC concentration is measured with EC
With a densitometer, the C / N ratio was measured by the fertilizer analysis method. These measurements were performed on the leachate during the fermentation period of each fermentation and purification, and the leachate was applied to the soil of the plant cultivation field to observe the herbicidal effect and the growth status of agricultural products. The results are shown in Table 1. The conditions for applying the leachate to the soil in the plant cultivation field were such that 1 l / m ^{2 was} applied to the soil and, after cultivating, seeds of agricultural products were sown at the stage after 2 weeks. The seeds sown are carrot and radish. In addition, E in Table 1
The C concentration is a value in terms of 2% of the water-soluble solid content in which the leachate is composed of water and a water-soluble solid content, and the ratio of the water-soluble solid content to the leachate in that case is 2%.

[0044]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, as the evaluation criteria for the herbicidal effect, ◎ means that weeds were not visually confirmed, and 1 or more and 30 or less weeds were visually confirmed per 1 m ^2. Is indicated by ◯, and the number of weeds in which more than 30 weeds per 1 m ^{2 is} visually confirmed is indicated by x.
A circle in this criterion is a range that does not pose a problem for the occurrence of weeds under normal conditions. In addition, as the evaluation criteria for the growth status of agricultural products, 3 weeks after sowing, those with particularly good visual growth are marked with ⊚, and those with good visual growth are marked with ○, and visual growth is marked. Those that became defective were marked with x. For example, in terms of carrot, the carrot on the upper side shown in FIG. 4 is particularly good, and the carrot on the lower side shown in FIG. 4 is of general size and good.
In addition, the poorly grown x indicates that the root length and thickness are smaller (for example, about half) than the carrot at the bottom of FIG. Therefore, according to the results shown in Table 1, the pH of the leachate of the cuttings compost having a fermentation period of 10 days or longer in the tertiary fermentation step was 6.0.
Or more and 9.5 or less, and EC concentration is 0.5 dSm ^-1 /
cm or more and 4 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or less, and the C / N ratio was within the range of 1 or more and 20 or less. In this way, by adjusting the fermentation period of the tertiary fermentation step, so that it falls within the numerical range of the predetermined parameter defined in the present invention, the resulting cut grass compost leachate effectively suppresses the occurrence of weeds. At the same time, it effectively promotes the growth of agricultural products. However, if the fermentation period is 0 days, pH, EC concentration and C / N ratio are 5 days,
The pH and the C / N ratio were out of the numerical range defined in the present invention, and as a result, although the generation of weeds was suppressed, the growth of agricultural products was poor. Note that FIG.
The carrot shown in (1) is obtained by applying the exudate of this example (3 weeks after sowing). In addition, the herbicidal effects of ◯ and ⊚ maintained the same effect for 6 weeks after sowing, and even for about 4 months, which is the upper limit of the general harvesting period. Incidentally, in the soil to which the cut grass compost leachate in this example was applied, in the soil area where only compost was applied without including the cut grass compost leachate, about 200 weeds per 1 m ² were visually observed. It happened.

Further, as can be seen from Table 1, a leachate having a fermentation period of 20 to 120 days in the tertiary fermentation step has a particularly excellent herbicidal effect and effectively promotes the growth of agricultural products. Becomes That is, especially, the leachate of cut grass compost has a pH of 6.0 or more and 8.5 or less, and E
C concentration ^0.5dSm -1 / cm or more 2.3dSm ^{- 1}
/ Cm or less, and the C / N ratio is preferably adjusted to 1 or more and 15 or less.

When the pH of the leachate was measured with the fermentation period of the third fermentation step being 150 days, the pH value was
It was 6.0, which was the same as that of 120 days. This indicates that when the fermentation period exceeds 120 days, mineralization of the leachate proceeds, and it means that the components effective for growing agricultural products such as nitrogen components decrease. Then, when the EC concentration was measured, the value of the EC concentration was 0.
It was 3, and it was confirmed that the mineralization is progressing. Also from this result, the pH of the leachate of cut grass compost obtained in the third fermentation step was 6.0 or more and 9.5 or less, and
EC concentration is 0.5 dSm ^-1 / cm or more 4 dSm ^-1 /
It can be seen that when the C / N ratio is within the range of 1 or more and 20 or less and the C / N ratio is within the range of 1 or more and 20 or less, the exudate has excellent herbicidal effect and promotes the growth of agricultural products.

Further, the relationship between the fermentation period of the tertiary fermentation step and the concentration of microorganisms (in number / ml) in the leachate during the fermentation period was investigated. The microorganism concentration was measured by the SPC (standard agar medium) method. The results show that the microorganism concentration was 10 ³ cells / ml or more in all fermentation periods according to Table 1.
It was within the range of ¹¹ cells / ml. Furthermore, the main microorganisms in all the exudates by these fermentation periods were identified by using separation culture and microscopic observation. As a result, the predominant microorganism in all exudates was Bacillus
Subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Also, it was confirmed that the Bacillus thuringiensis had a strong protease activity, like Bacillus subtilis, and it was found that the fermentation decomposition power was excellent. It was also confirmed that the main microorganisms in the activated sludge used as the composting material were Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Further, when the relationship between the fermentation period of the tertiary fermentation step and the ratio of the water-soluble solid content in the leachate during the fermentation period was examined, the ratio of the water-soluble solid content in all fermentation periods according to Table 1 was 0. It was within the range of 1% or more and 5.0% or less. The ratio of this water-soluble solid content depends on water content, evaporation of water, and the like, but within this range, it can be said that there is no problem without suppressing the herbicidal effect and the promotion of the growth of agricultural products. The proportion (% by weight) of the water-soluble solids in the leachate was measured by measuring the weight of water vaporized with a moisture meter while keeping the leachate at 104 ° C. for 2 hours. It was obtained by measuring the weight of the solid substance remaining in the above as a water-soluble solid substance and measuring its weight.

(Example 2) The conditions of the grass to be used are the same as in Example 1, and the material to be fermented is composed of only the grass, and the volume ratio to the material to be fermented is 10% as in Example 1. The activated fermented sludge was used as a composting material, and the primary fermentation process was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
Then, the secondary fermentation process was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the leachate leached from the fermentation period after 10 days in the secondary fermentation process was collected in the fermentation container. And
The collected leachate was aerated and stirred for fermentation and purification. Here, the fermentation period in the tertiary fermentation step was set to 20 days. The pH value, the EC concentration value in terms of 2% of the water-soluble solid content, and the C / N ratio of the leachate thus obtained were measured, and the pH value was 9.4 and the EC concentration was 2.9 dSm ^-1 / c
m, C / N ratio became 19. The results are almost the same as those of the fermentation period of 10 days in Table 1, and the fermentation period of 20 in Table 1
Although it shows that the fermentation progresses slower than that of the day, it is suggested that no food waste as a constituent material of the material to be fermented or wood compost as a composting material was used as in Example 1. . The leachate of Example 2 was applied to the soil of the plant cultivation field under the same conditions as in Example 1. The result is
Based on the above criteria, the herbicidal effect was ⊚, and the growth status of agricultural products was ○. In other words, the herbicidal effect and the growth of agricultural products were good. Here, the growth status of agricultural products was not ◎ because the fermentation period in Table 1 was 20.
In addition to the fact that the fermentation is less advanced than that of the day, nitrogen components due to the fact that food unnecessary substances as fermented materials and wood compost as composting materials were not used as in Example 1 It is considered that the reduction of the absolute amount also contributed. As a result suggesting the conjecture regarding the reduction of the absolute amount of the nitrogen component, when comparing the agricultural product according to the result of Example 2 and the agricultural product using the leachate with a fermentation period of 10 days in Table 1, both are found. Although it is said to be ○, it has certainly been confirmed that the latter agricultural products are in better growth. Regarding the herbicidal effect in Example 2, similar to Example 1, the same effect was maintained 6 weeks or more after sowing.

Example 3 The fermented material was used under the same conditions as in Example 2, and commercially available dried Bacillus subtilis cells were used as fermenting microorganisms for composting the fermented material by biodegradation. . That is, the composting material in Example 3 consists only of the material to be fermented. Then, this composting material was subjected to primary fermentation for 3 days. Except for the fermentation period, the conditions are the same as in the primary fermentation process of Example 2. The compost obtained in such a primary fermentation step is subjected to a secondary fermentation step under the same conditions as in Example 2, and a leachate leached from a compost having a fermentation period of 10 days in the secondary fermentation step is used as a fermentation container. Collected. Then, the collected leachate was aerated and stirred to be purified by fermentation. Here, when the fermentation period in the third fermentation step reached 60 days, the pH value, the EC concentration value, and the C / N ratio were the same as those of the leachate of Example 2. The leachate having a fermentation period of 60 days was applied to the soil of the plant cultivation field under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, based on the above-mentioned criteria, the herbicidal effect was ○, and the growth status of agricultural products was ○. From the results of Example 3 and Example 2, even among the microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, particularly those derived from activated sludge can be obtained by using them as fermenting microorganisms for composting the material to be fermented by biodegradation. It is possible to give a better herbicidal effect to the exudate,
It was confirmed that the fermentation period could be shortened. It should be noted that the herbicidal effect of the leachate in which the fermentation period in the tertiary fermentation step of this Example 3 is 60 days is also as in Example 1.
Similar to the above, the same effect was maintained 6 weeks or more after seeding.

Comparative Example 1 Only the grass cut under the same conditions as in Example 2 was used as a composting material, and further, primary fermentation was carried out in the form of natural fermentation for 5 days without adding fermenting microorganisms. Except for the fermentation period, the conditions are the same as in the primary fermentation process of Example 2. The compost obtained in such a primary fermentation process is subjected to a secondary fermentation process under the same conditions as in Example 1, and a leachate leached from a fermented product in which the fermentation period in the secondary fermentation process is 60 days has passed. Collected. Then, the collected leachate was aerated and stirred to be purified by fermentation. Here, when the fermentation period in the third fermentation step reached 90 days, Example 2
The pH value, EC concentration and C / N ratio were the same as those of the exudate. The leachate with a fermentation period of 90 days was applied to the soil of the plant cultivation field under the same conditions as in Example 1. The result is
Based on the above criteria, the herbicidal effect was x, and the growth status of agricultural products was o. From these results, it can be seen that the metabolites produced by natural fermentation only from the components of the cut grass itself cannot give an excellent herbicidal effect to the obtained leachate. That is, as shown in the present invention, it is important to ferment cut grass using a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. In addition, as a specific numerical value for the herbicidal effect of the exudate obtained in Comparative Example 1, x was about 100 weeds per 1 m ² visually.

(Comparative Example 2) A composting material was formed by using wood chips and the same activated sludge as in Example 1 without using grass cuttings. The volume ratio was 70% for wood chips and 30% for activated sludge. This composting material was subjected to primary fermentation under the same conditions as in Example 1. Then, the compost obtained in such a primary fermentation process is subjected to a secondary fermentation process under the same conditions as in Example 1, and a leachate leached from the fermented product in which the fermentation period in the secondary fermentation process is 10 days has passed. Collected in a fermentation vessel. Then, the collected leachate was aerated and stirred to be purified by fermentation. Here, when the fermentation period in the tertiary fermentation step reached 90 days, the obtained leachate had the same pH value, EC concentration and C / N ratio as those of the hay compost of Example 2. The fermentation period here is set to 90 days because the decomposition rate of wood components such as lignin and tannin is slow, so that the fermentation period is particularly required to reduce the C / N ratio to a desired value. caused by. The leachate with a fermentation period of 90 days was applied to the soil of the plant cultivation field under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, based on the above-mentioned criteria, the herbicidal effect was x, and the growth status of agricultural products was o. That is, even in the leachate derived from wood compost, as shown in the present invention, by keeping the pH value, the EC concentration and the C / N ratio within the predetermined numerical ranges, the leachate of agricultural products can be produced in the same manner as the leachate of Example 2. The growth can be promoted. However, no excellent herbicidal effect was observed, and specifically, 1 m ² was visually observed.
About 40 weeds were generated. More specifically, no weeding effect was found on chickweed, annual herbaceous cyperaceae, or purslane, and these weeds were generated. In the same manner as described above in Comparative Example 1, from the content of Comparative Example 2, as shown in the above Example, an exudate having an excellent herbicidal effect and capable of promoting the growth of agricultural products, It is important to ferment cut grass with microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. It should be noted that Comparative Example 2 was better than Comparative Example 1 in terms of herbicidal effect because the metabolites produced by fermenting wood chips using Bacillus microorganisms against specific weed species. Is considered to indicate the herbicidal effect. In that sense, it can be said that the herbicidal effect of the obtained leachate can also be enhanced by carrying out the primary fermentation step according to the present invention particularly in the form of using unnecessary wood materials. Further, in Comparative Example 2, the primary fermentation process was carried out by using the wood unnecessary material itself, but if the primary fermentation process is carried out by using the wood compost that is returned compost as in Example 1, for example, the fermentation period Can be shortened. In other words, the returned compost derived from food waste and wood waste has already been composted, and the nitrogen source for promoting the fermentation decomposition by the fermenting microorganisms is larger than that of cutting grass, which shortens the fermentation period. It will be possible. Further, from the results of Example 1 and Example 2, it is possible to shorten the fermentation period of the food waste itself. From these contents, it can be said that it is particularly preferable to perform the primary fermentation step using food unnecessary substances, or the returned compost derived from food unnecessary substances and wood unnecessary substances, from the aspect of shortening the fermentation period. Of course, in Comparative Example 2, the material to be fermented is composed only of wood chips. Therefore, to the extent that the fermentation period does not become excessively long, the volume ratio in the material to be fermented of undesired wood is, for example, 10 to 20%.
By performing the primary fermentation step by appropriately adjusting the degree of adjustment, it is possible to suppress the extension of the fermentation period in a form in which the applicability of the obtained leachate to the plant cultivation field is further enhanced. .

From the results of the above-mentioned examples, it was shown that the leachate of cut grass compost according to the present invention has an excellent herbicidal effect and promotes the growth of agricultural products. In addition,
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments and examples. For example, in the present embodiment, a weed that grows in June as a representative of weeds that grows from spring to summer was used as a weed, but a plant that grows in October as a representative of weeds that grows from summer to autumn. It has been confirmed that, even in the case of using as a cutting, the herbicidal effect and the growing condition of agricultural products are good, as in the present example. Also, regarding the agricultural product to be cultivated, for example, when spinach is also used, good results are obtained, and there is no particular limitation.
Finally, FIG. 3 shows an observation diagram showing the herbicidal effect of spinach. Area A in FIG. 3 is an area on the drawing of a plant cultivation field where spinach is cultivated, and area A1 thereof corresponds to an area to which the cut grass compost exudate is applied,
Area A2 corresponds to an area where the compost itself including the cut grass compost leachate was not applied. As shown in FIG. 3, in the area A2, the occurrence of weeds such as chickweed is visually recognized in addition to the spinach, but in the area A1, plants other than the spinach are not visually recognized. Thus, by applying the leachate of the cut grass compost according to the present invention to the soil, it is possible to effectively suppress the generation of weeds and promote the growth of agricultural products. In FIG. 3, a part of the spinach is harvested for the purpose of making it easier to see the occurrence of weeds in both the areas A1 and A2.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a manufacturing process in a method for manufacturing a leachate of grass compost compost of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a primary fermentation process according to the production method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a soil observation diagram for showing the effect of implementation results according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an agricultural product observation diagram showing the effects of the results of implementation according to the embodiment.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Konosuke Katano 5012 Toki-cho, Hisai-shi, Mie Sankouchi Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-49-117614 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01N 63/02 C05F 11/00

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] 1. A primary fermentation step in which a material to be fermented containing cut grass is composted by biodegradation by a fermenting microorganism, and a secondary fermentation step in which the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is further fermented and aged. A third fermentation step of fermenting and refining the cut grass compost leachate by collecting and aerobically fermenting the leachate leaching from the compost in the process of the secondary fermentation step, and the fermenting microorganisms include Bacillus spp. One or more kinds of microorganisms belonging to the above-mentioned group are used as a main component, and further, the cut grass compost leachate obtained in the third fermentation step has a pH of 6.0 or more and 9.
5 or less, and EC concentration in terms of water-soluble solid content 2%,
0.5 dSm ^-1 / cm or more and 4 dSm ^-1 / cm or less,
A method for producing a leachate of cut grass compost, characterized in that the C / N ratio is adjusted to 1 or more and 20 or less. 2. In the primary fermentation step, at least one of food waste and wood waste is used,
The method for producing a leachate of grass-compost according to claim 1, wherein the material to be fermented is composted. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Bacillus subtilis belonging to the genus Bacillus is mainly used as the fermenting microorganism. 4. The method for producing a leachate of cut grass compost according to claim 1, wherein Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis belonging to the genus Bacillus are mainly used as the fermenting microorganisms. 5. The fermenting microorganism is derived from activated sludge, according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The method for producing a leachate of grass-cure compost according to item. 6. The microbial concentration of the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus in the exudate of the cut grass compost is adjusted so as to be 10 ³ cells / ml or more, and any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized. The method for producing the leachate of the grass-cure compost according to. 7. The cut grass according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the cut grass to the total volume of the fermented material is adjusted to 30% or more. Method for producing compost leachate. 8. The composting in the primary fermentation step is carried out by aerobic fermentation for 1 day or more.
8. The method for producing a leachate of grass compost according to any one of items 1 to 7. 9. The fermentation and aging in the secondary fermentation step,
The method for producing a leached liquid of cut grass compost according to claim 8, which is carried out by aerobic fermentation. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the food waste is a plant-derived residue derived from food. 11. The method for producing a leachate of cut grass compost according to claim 2 or 10, characterized in that the undesired wood material is one or more of bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips, bark, and tree pruning waste. 12. A cut grass compost leachate produced by the method for producing a cut grass compost leachate according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cut grass compost leachate has a herbicidal effect on soil. A leachate of cut grass compost characterized by being applied to.