CN115152512B - Peach tree three-main branch open-heart-shaped shaping cultivation method - Google Patents
Peach tree three-main branch open-heart-shaped shaping cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152512B CN115152512B CN202210885381.0A CN202210885381A CN115152512B CN 115152512 B CN115152512 B CN 115152512B CN 202210885381 A CN202210885381 A CN 202210885381A CN 115152512 B CN115152512 B CN 115152512B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a peach tree three-main branch open heart-shaped shaping cultivation method, which comprises 168 pruning shears, lengthening telescopic high-altitude shears, and the pruning steps are as follows: s1, pruning peach trees in the juvenile period: the peach tree pruning in the juvenile period is generally performed within 1-3 years after planting, and the pruning is performed by using 168 pruning garden shears which are simpler than pruning in winter (11 months) to drop branches, overlength branches and drop branches (dry). S2, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: peach pruning in the healthy year is usually 3-8 years, about 11 months after winter defoliation. According to the invention, different technical means can be adopted by workers for different peach tree ages, different trimming methods are respectively improved for different peach tree ages in the juvenile period, the healthy period and the late period, compared with the existing trimming method, the method has higher survival rate of peach, and the photosynthesis is better and the fruiting mode of peach trees is more perfect by the trimming treatment method for branches, so that the production quantity of peach trees is improved and the service life of peach trees is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree cultivation, in particular to a method for shaping and cultivating three main branches of a peach tree in an open heart shape.
Background
The peach fruit is juicy, can be eaten raw or made into preserved peach, can and the like, the nucleolus can also be eaten, the pulp has white, red and yellow, and most popular varieties in Asia are white pulp, juicy and sweet. Peach is cultivated widely in China, each provincial area, and planted all over the world, and people in Europe and North America historically like yellow flesh more sour varieties. In recent years, yellow and red peaches are becoming more popular in China, and common planting trees are: the tree planting method with the trunk shape facing the top and the tree planting method with the Y shape and the two inverted sides is inconvenient to pick, and the tree body is easy to split due to heavier fruits, so that additional support is needed, and the cost is increased.
At present, the peach tree planting technology is mature gradually, different cultivation management modes are different for different seasons, when cultivation is carried out, different branch cutting methods can enable the quality of peaches to have different lifting effects, in the existing cultivation technology, the shaping cultivation technology effect of the pistachio branches and leaves is good, but the pistachio branches and leaves are insufficient, and therefore the cultivation technology needs to be supplemented and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a peach tree three-main branch open-heart-shaped shaping cultivation method which can meet the existing cultivation technology and is improved.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides a technical scheme for realizing the purpose, which is that the three main branches of peach tree open heart shaping cultivation method adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises 168 pruning shears, lengthened telescopic high-altitude shears and pruning steps as follows:
s1, pruning peach trees in the juvenile period: the peach tree pruning in the juvenile period is generally performed within 1-3 years after planting, and the pruning is performed by using 168 pruning garden shears which are simpler than pruning in winter (11 months) to drop branches, overlength branches and drop branches (dry).
S2, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: pruning peach trees in the healthy period usually has 3-8 years, which is about 11 months after leaf fall in winter, pruning peach trees in the dormant period is carried out after 15 days, when pruning, trunk branches in the dense area of the lower half part of the peach trees are left, 168 pruning gardens are used for cutting upper light-facing branches, lower backlight branches are cut off, drooping branches, overlong branches and branch fall are pruned, and when branches (tree tips) are pruned, lengthened telescopic high-altitude shears are used for cutting the upper light-facing branches, and lower backlight branches are also cut off; the long branches extend inwards from the head to be trimmed for 3-5cm.
S3, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: the peach tree pruning in the healthy period is auxiliary pruning in summer, the branches and heads are pruned by using lengthened telescopic high-altitude pruning, the upper light-facing branches are pruned, the lower backlight branches are sheared, the branches with the fork shape are reserved, the pruned branches are 0.2-0.5cm (chopstick shape thickness), the lower half ends of the peach trees are all backlight areas, the branches with hidden sunlight shielding areas need to be pruned, and the pruned branches are in the shape of a heart.
S4, pruning peach trees in late years: peach trees in late years are usually 8-10 years, and only cut off withered branches, drooping branches, and too long branches (30-50 cm) and too short branches (5-12 cm) in winter.
S5, pruning peach trees in late years: the pruning and summer of the peach tree in late period is mainly shrinkage and pruning, the shrinkage and pruning parts and the shrinkage and pruning degree of backbone branches are determined according to the aging degree and the length of extension branches of the peach tree, the branches which are exposed outside are mainly pruned, dense areas at the lower half part of the peach tree are pruned, fruits are leaked, long branches and upper light-facing branches are emphasized in the treetop area, and the branches with lower backlight are pruned.
S6, after the peach trees in late years are grown for 10 years at most, the peach trees can be selected to be planed off and planted again for cyclic cultivation.
As a preferable scheme, the peach tree in the juvenile period in the S1 is planted by trimming redundant branches and other branches affecting the growth of trunk branches.
Preferably, the branches with sparse branches on the main branches in the S2 should be left for 15-25 cm in length for cutting.
As a preferable scheme, branches in the dark sunlight shielding area are trimmed in the step S3, and the trimming length of the branches is 20-60cm.
As a preferable scheme, branches with more than 30cm are selected as main branches when cut off the branches of the dead branches and the drooping branches in the S4, and other branches can be selectively trimmed according to staff.
As an optimal scheme, the dense area pruning in the step S5 should be performed by selecting branches with a thickness of more than 1cm, and the selected branches should be mainly in a flourishing area.
As an optimal scheme, the general trunk of the peach tree in the late year in S6 is more than 1M, the trunk of the peach tree is thicker, branches and leaves in summer are luxuriant, and redundant supporting rods of the peach tree can be sawn when the peach tree is trimmed.
As a preferable scheme, the root pruning can be adopted for the late peach trees, and the root branches are shaved off, so that the main branches are left.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the peach tree three-main branch open heart-shaped shaping cultivation method, which has the following beneficial effects
1. Through the different peach tree years, staff can adopt different technical means to respectively improve different years of juvenile period, strong period and late period, different pruning methods have higher survival rate of peaches compared with the existing pruning methods, and the pruning treatment method for branches can lead photosynthesis to be better, and the fruiting mode of the peach tree to be more perfect, thereby improving the production quantity of the peach tree and prolonging the service life.
2. By adding a survival method for peach trees in late years, the quality of the existing peach trees is greatly reduced after 5-8 years, and the method is particularly provided for cleaning redundant struts and planing off redundant roots, so that nutrient absorption of the peach trees is increased, photosynthesis is more complete, and the survival efficiency of the peach trees is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below in connection with specific examples:
example 1
The invention comprises the following steps: a peach tree three-main branch open heart-shaped shaping cultivation method comprises 168 pruning shears, lengthening telescopic high-altitude shears, and the pruning steps are as follows:
s1, pruning peach trees in the juvenile period: pruning peach trees in the juvenile period is generally performed within 1-3 years after planting, and pruning is performed by using 168 pruning garden shears which are simpler than pruning drooping branches, overlong branches and branch dropping (dry) in winter (11 months);
the specific time steps are as follows: in the 1 st year, peach seedlings are planted, branches are determined at the positions of 30cm-50cm from the ground of a trunk, 3 main branches in three directions are reserved at the branches, wherein the uppermost 1 main branch of the three main branches is parallel to the direction of a ditch along a ridge, the angle between every 2 main branches in the 3 main branches is 120 degrees+/-20 degrees, the angle between the main branches and the trunk is 125 degrees+/-15 degrees, and if the angle deviation is larger, an auxiliary tool angle opener and heavy object traction can be used; in the 2 nd year, 3 branches of main branches are mainly trimmed by trimming, so that 2 branches of the result of each main branch are ensured to form 6 branches; on the 3 rd year, over the 6 fruiting branches cut in the second year, 2 branches are reserved for each re-pruning, and 12 main fruiting branches are formed in total. After pruning in the first 3 years, a trunk three-main branch open-heart tree body is basically formed, heavy pruning tasks are reduced, the peaches can obtain sufficient illumination, the flavor is sweet, the color is bright, the bagging of the peaches is more convenient, and the manual and mechanical operations are more convenient. Taking southern red peach as an example, the fruiting rate of the peach tree by the 4 th year can reach 30kg-35 kg/plant, the weight of a single fruit can reach 250g at maximum, the yield is increased by more than 10% compared with the common mode, and the later management labor is reduced by more than 20%.
S2, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: pruning peach trees in the healthy period usually has 3-8 years, which is about 11 months after leaf fall in winter, pruning peach trees in the dormant period is carried out after 15 days, when pruning, trunk branches in the dense area of the lower half part of the peach trees are left, 168 pruning gardens are used for cutting upper light-facing branches, lower backlight branches are cut off, drooping branches, overlong branches and branch fall are pruned, and when branches (tree tips) are pruned, lengthened telescopic high-altitude shears are used for cutting the upper light-facing branches, and lower backlight branches are also cut off; the long branches extend inwards from the head to be trimmed for 3-5cm.
S3, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: the peach tree pruning in the healthy period is auxiliary pruning in summer, the branches and heads are pruned by using lengthened telescopic high-altitude pruning, the upper light-facing branches are pruned, the lower backlight branches are sheared, the branches with the fork shape are reserved, the pruned branches are 0.2-0.5cm (chopstick shape thickness), the lower half ends of the peach trees are all backlight areas, the branches with hidden sunlight shielding areas need to be pruned, and the pruned branches are in the shape of a heart.
S4, pruning peach trees in late years: peach trees in late years are usually 8-10 years, and only cut off withered branches, drooping branches, and too long branches (30-50 cm) and too short branches (5-12 cm) in winter.
S5, pruning peach trees in late years: the pruning and summer of the peach tree in late period is mainly shrinkage and pruning, the shrinkage and pruning parts and the shrinkage and pruning degree of backbone branches are determined according to the aging degree and the length of extension branches of the peach tree, the branches which are exposed outside are mainly pruned, dense areas at the lower half part of the peach tree are pruned, fruits are leaked, long branches and upper light-facing branches are emphasized in the treetop area, and the branches with lower backlight are pruned.
S6, after the peach trees in late years are grown for 10 years at most, the peach trees can be selected to be planed off and planted again for cyclic cultivation.
The method for prolonging the service life of the late peach trees is increased, the peach producing efficiency and the peach producing quality of the strong peach trees are improved, the peach trees for young children are well protected, and the peach producing quality is improved after the improved open heart cultivation technology is utilized.
Example 2
And (3) planting the peach tree in the juvenile period in the S1, namely, only trimming redundant branches and other branches affecting the growth of trunk branches.
And (3) cutting the branches with sparse branches on the main branches in the S2, wherein the length of the branches is 15-25 cm.
And pruning branches in the dark sunlight shielding area in the S3, wherein the pruning length of the branches is 20-60cm.
When the branches of the dried branches and the drooping branches in the S4 are cut off, branches with more than 30cm are selected as main branches, and other branches can be selectively trimmed according to staff.
The method for cutting branches and leaves has good limiting effect, increases effect for subsequent photosynthesis, and improves yield.
Example 3
And in the step S5, the dense area is trimmed by selecting branches with a thickness of more than 1cm, and the selected branches are mainly in the flourishing area.
The general trunk of the peach tree in the late year in S6 is more than 1M, the trunk of the peach tree is thicker, branches and leaves are luxuriant in summer, and redundant supporting rods of the peach tree can be sawn off during pruning.
The root pruning can be adopted for the late peach trees, and the root branches are shaved off, so that the main branches are left.
Aiming at the high survival rate of the peach tree in late year, the method is added to change the nutrient absorption of the peach tree.
Claims (6)
1. A peach tree three-main branch open-heart-shaped shaping cultivation method is characterized in that: the trimming steps are as follows:
s1, pruning peach trees in the juvenile period: the peach tree in the juvenile period is trimmed to be planted within 1-3 years, and the specific time steps are as follows: in the 1 st year, peach seedlings are planted, branches are determined at the positions of 30cm-50cm away from the ground, 3 main branches in three directions are reserved at the positions of the trunks, so that a herringbone tree body is formed, wherein the uppermost 1 main branch of the herringbone tree body is parallel to the ditch direction along a ridge, the angle between every 2 main branches in the 3 main branches is 120+/-20 degrees, and the angle between the main branches and the trunks is 125+/-15 degrees; in the 2 nd year, 3 branches of main branches are mainly trimmed by trimming, so that 2 branches of the result of each main branch are ensured to form 6 branches; on the 6 fruiting branches cut in the second year, 2 branches are reserved for each pruning again, and 12 main fruiting branches are formed in total; the pruning in winter is carried out by pruning the drooping branches, overlong branches and dry and falling branches in 11 months in winter;
s2, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: pruning peach trees in the healthy period to be 3-8 years, namely, about 11 months after leaf fall in winter, and pruning the peach trees after dormancy for 15 days, wherein when pruning, trunk branches in a dense area at the lower half part of the peach trees are left, upper light-facing branches are cut off by using 168 pruning garden shears, lower backlight branches are cut off, drooping branches are pruned, long branches and branch fall off, upper light-facing branches are cut off by using lengthened telescopic high-altitude shears when pruning branches and heads; the long branches extend inwards from the head to be trimmed for 3-5cm;
s3, pruning peach trees in the middle of the adult period: the peach tree pruning in the healthy period is auxiliary pruning in summer, the branches and heads are pruned by using lengthened telescopic high-altitude pruning, the upper light-facing branches are pruned, the lower backlight branches are sheared, the branches with the fork shape of the heart are reserved, the pruned branches are 0.2-0.5cm, the lower half ends of the peach trees are backlight areas, the branches with hidden sunlight shielding areas need to be pruned, and the pruned branches are in the shape of the heart;
s4, pruning peach trees in late years: the peach tree in late period is usually 8-10 years, and only needs to cut the dead branches and the drooping branches in winter, and the long and short branches are cut off;
s5, pruning peach trees in late years: the pruning and summer of the peach tree in late period is mainly shrinkage and pruning, the shrinkage and pruning parts and the shrinkage and pruning degree of backbone branches are determined according to the aging degree and the length of extension branches of the peach tree, the branches which are exposed outside are mainly pruned, dense areas at the lower half part of the peach tree are pruned, fruits are leaked, long branches and upper light-facing branches are emphasized in the treetop area, and the branches with lower backlight are pruned; trimming the root of the late peach tree, shaving off the root branches and leaving the main branches;
s6, the peach trees in late years can be selected to be planed off after losing the culture value, and the young peach trees can be planted again for circular culture.
2. The method for shaping and cultivating the three main branches of the peach tree in the open heart shape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (2) leaving branches with sparse branches on the main branches in the step (S2) for cutting treatment with the length of 15-25 cm.
3. The method for shaping and cultivating the three main branches of the peach tree in the open heart shape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) pruning branches in the dark sunlight shielding area in the step (S3), wherein the pruning length of the branches is 20-60cm.
4. The method for shaping and cultivating the three main branches of the peach tree in the open heart shape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) in the step (S4), branches with more than 30cm are selected as main branches when cut off, and other branches can be selectively trimmed according to staff.
5. The method for shaping and cultivating the three main branches of the peach tree in the open heart shape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S5, the dense area is trimmed, branches with thickness of more than 1cm are selected for trimming, and the selected branches are mainly in the flourishing area.
6. The method for shaping and cultivating the three main branches of the peach tree in the open heart shape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and S6, sawing off redundant struts of the peach tree during trimming, wherein the peach tree body in the late year is more than 1M.
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 何志超.林业规划建设技术标准与林业执法监控实务全书.科学技术文献出版社,2002,(第1版),第1387-1397页. * |
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