CN115073129A - 一种防静电陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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Abstract
一种防静电陶瓷，所述陶瓷中掺杂有半导体氧化物，构成防静电陶瓷，所述半导体氧化物为氧化铟、二氧化钛两种半导体氧化物，所述防静电陶瓷的原料构成的百分比为：10％‑30％的氧化铟、1％‑10％的二氧化钛、15％‑30％的粘土、25％‑50％的滑石晶体、0％‑5％的石英晶体、10％‑45％的长石晶体；其化学组成按照重量百分比为：SiO2为50‑70％、Al2O3为8‑18％、TiO2为1‑10％、In2O3为10‑30％、MgO为8‑20％、K2O为0.5‑6％、Na2O为0.3‑6％，上述各组份的含量百分比之和为100％，本发明具有防火、使用寿命长、防潮、防水、防蛀等特点，市场竞争能力强，且其生产方法简单可行，成本低，有利于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域，具体涉及一种防静电陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
在我们日常生活中静电现象是普遍存在的，虽然静电可以用作静电复印、静电纺丝、静电喷涂等工艺中，但是在石油化工、纺织、研磨粉碎、电子元器件等领域内却有潜在的危害。例如静电聚集极易导致元器件损毁或爆炸等严重后果。在电子行业，美国每年因因静电危害造成的损失高达100多亿美元；英国多达20亿英镑；日本不合格电子器件中有45％是由静电引起。在近年来快速发展的航空航天事业中，由于其处在高温、高频摩擦等苛刻环境中，就需要兼具优异力学性能和防静电性能的材料。
然而，目前的防静电陶瓷通常是使用锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)为导电填料，但是氧化锡作为制备防静电陶瓷的关键原料，却是一种重要的稀缺资源，价格昂贵。为了减少氧化锡的使用，目前的解决办法是制备ATO包覆型导电填料，通常制备包覆型的导电填料的方法主要有两种，一种是以氧化硅粉为载体，采用非均匀成核法在氧化硅粉的表面包覆一层Sb掺杂SnO2，制备ATO包覆SiO2导电粉；另一种是以氧化硅玻璃纤维为载体，采用非均匀成核法在氧化硅玻璃纤维的表面包覆一层Sb掺杂SnO2制备导电纤维。采用包覆法制备的导电填料，大约节省了50％的ATO，从某种意义上缓解了氧化锡的紧缺的局势，但并没有从本质上解决这一问题。虽然，目前也出现了不使用氧化锡为原料的防静电陶瓷，但是其防静电效果不够好，且抗弯强度也不理想，直接影响防静电陶瓷使用范围和使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中的防静电陶瓷的防静电效果不够好，且抗弯强度也不理想，直接影响防静电陶瓷使用范围和使用寿命的技术缺陷。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种防静电陶瓷，所述陶瓷中掺杂有半导体氧化物，构成防静电陶瓷，所述半导体氧化物为氧化铟、二氧化钛两种半导体氧化物，所述防静电陶瓷的原料构成的百分比为：10％-30％的氧化铟、1％-10％的二氧化钛、15％-30％的粘土、25％-50％的滑石晶体、0％-5％的石英晶体、10％-45％的长石晶体；其化学组成按照重量百分比为：SiO2为50-70％、Al2O3为8-18％、TiO2为1-10％、In2O3为10-30％、MgO为8-20％、K2O为0.5-6％、Na2O为0.3-6％，上述各组份的含量百分比之和为100％。
进一步的，所述陶瓷具有通体导电效果。
进一步的，所述陶瓷具有防静电釉层。
进一步的，所述防静电陶瓷在芯片吸盘或防静电轴承中应用。
进一步的，所述原料组分中还添加有增强剂、解胶剂、偶联剂、水、粘结剂。
进一步的，其制备方法步骤如下，
(1)将原料按重量百分比15％-30％的粘土、25％-50％的滑石晶体、0％-5％的石英晶体、10％-45％的长石晶体、10％-30％的氧化铟、1％-10％的二氧化钛及增强剂、解胶剂、偶联剂、水混料入球磨机中球磨，经过湿法球磨得到含水率30％-35％的浆料，浆料过筛、除铁后将泥浆利用喷雾干燥塔喷粉，通过喷雾干燥制粉得到含水率为5％-10％的陶瓷粉料备用；
(2)向混合物中添加粘结剂，利用造粒机进行造粒，获得球状颗粒。
(3)将步骤(2)的球状颗粒置于石墨模具中压制成型，再热压脱脂烧结，然后冷却至室温即可。
进一步的，步骤(3)中，热压脱脂烧结的烧结条件为：烧结温度为500℃～1300℃；升温速率为2℃/min～6℃/min；烧结压力为20MPa～35MPa；保温保压时间为2h～6h。
进一步的，步骤(3)中，烧结环境为真空环境或惰性气体环境。
进一步的，步骤(1)中，所述增强剂采用羧甲基纤维素钠，解胶剂采用三聚磷酸钠。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，所述偶联剂为KH550或KH560。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明产品是针对现有防静电地面产品存在的诸多等问题，通过天然矿物原料添加半导体氧化物，经高温烧成具有防静电功能的陶瓷制品，它具有防火、使用寿命长、防潮、防水、防蛀等特点，市场竞争能力强，且其生产方法简单可行，成本低，有利于工业化生产；本发明仅采用了氧化铟、二氧化钛两种半导体氧化物，用尽量单纯的半导体氧化物配以独特的配方体系，就可以实现，相对于现有技术相比，无需进行复合使用就能达到效果。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
本发明防静电陶瓷砖是以玻璃相、石英相、顽火辉石相为主体组成的防静电建筑陶瓷砖，按重量百分比其化学组成为：SiO2：56.3％、Al2O3：10.4％、TiO2：6.0％、In2O3:16.3％、MgO:9.13％、K2O:0.98％、Na2O:1.29％，其它为烧失。
上述防静电陶瓷生产方法为：首先将原料组分中的按重量百分比25％粘土及滑石27％、长石20％、石英6％、氧化铟16％、二氧化钛6％,另添加入适当的增强剂羟甲基纤维素钠CMC、解胶剂三聚磷酸钠、水入球磨机中球磨，制成含水率不高于36％的泥浆后喷雾干燥，再将喷雾后粉料压制成型为800mm×600mm×12mm规格的石墨模具中，经干燥后入辊道窑烧成，时间120分钟，最高烧成温度1200℃烧成，然后经磨边保证、包装等即可成品,其中增强剂羟甲基纤维素钠、解胶剂三聚磷酸钠的加入量本领域的常规技术人员可以根据需要情况添加,本发明在此不详述。烧成后制品经测试，破坏强度>2000N，耐磨性<175mm3，采用测量点对点电阻为5.09×108Ω，符合SJ/T10694-2006国家标准，是一种良好的防静电材料。
实施例2
将20％的粘土及烧滑石33％、长石20％、石英5％、氧化铟20％、二氧化钛2％，按上述实施例1相同方法加工过程得到陶瓷粉料，压制成型为800mm×800mm×13mm规格，经干燥后入辊道窑烧成时间180分钟，最高烧成温度1300℃烧成。烧成制品破坏强度>2400N，制品经磨边及表面抛光后，测量点对点电阻为4.81×108Ω，符合SJ/T10694-2006标准，表面光泽度高、装饰效果好，符合GB/T4100-2006国家标准，是一种优良的防静电瓷砖。
实施例3
将16％的粘土及烧滑石32％、长石26％、石英4％、氧化铟15％、二氧化钛7％，同实施例1方法加工，压制成型为800mm×600mm×11mm规格，在此坯体表面采用淋釉工艺，施具有同样化学组分、细度为325目筛余0.7-1.1的釉浆，经干燥后入辊道窑最高温度1150℃，时间240分钟烧成，烧成后制品经测试，破坏强度>2100N，釉面耐磨度四级，耐酸碱性为GLA级，点对点5.00×108Ω，符合SJ/T10694-2006标准，釉面光滑、耐磨度高，符合GB/T4100-2006国家标准，是一种优良的防静电瓷砖。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (10)
1.一种防静电陶瓷，其特征在于，所述陶瓷中掺杂有半导体氧化物，构成防静电陶瓷，所述半导体氧化物为氧化铟、二氧化钛两种半导体氧化物，所述防静电陶瓷的原料构成的百分比为：10％-30％的氧化铟、1％-10％的二氧化钛、15％-30％的粘土、25％-50％的滑石晶体、0％-5％的石英晶体、10％-45％的长石晶体；其化学组成按照重量百分比为：SiO2为50-70％、Al2O3为8-18％、TiO2为1-10％、In2O3为10-30％、MgO为8-20％、K2O为0.5-6％、Na2O为0.3-6％，上述各组份的含量百分比之和为100％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电陶瓷，其特征在于，所述陶瓷具有通体导电效果。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电陶瓷，其特征在于，所述陶瓷具有防静电釉层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电陶瓷，其特征在于，所述防静电陶瓷在芯片吸盘或防静电轴承中应用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电陶瓷，其特征在于，所述原料组分中还添加有增强剂、解胶剂、偶联剂、水、粘结剂。
6.一种防静电陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，其制备方法步骤如下，
(1)将原料按重量百分比15％-30％的粘土、25％-50％的滑石晶体、0％-5％的石英晶体、10％-45％的长石晶体、10％-30％的氧化铟、1％-10％的二氧化钛及增强剂、解胶剂、偶联剂、水混料入球磨机中球磨，经过湿法球磨得到含水率30％-35％的浆料，浆料过筛、除铁后将泥浆利用喷雾干燥塔喷粉，通过喷雾干燥制粉得到含水率为5％-10％的陶瓷粉料备用；
(2)向混合物中添加粘结剂，利用造粒机进行造粒，获得球状颗粒。
(3)将步骤(2)的球状颗粒置于石墨模具中压制成型，再热压脱脂烧结，然后冷却至室温即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防静电陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，热压脱脂烧结的烧结条件为：烧结温度为500℃～1300℃；升温速率为2℃/min～6℃/min；烧结压力为20MPa～35MPa；保温保压时间为2h～6h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种防静电陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，烧结环境为真空环境或惰性气体环境。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种防静电陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述增强剂采用羧甲基纤维素钠，解胶剂采用三聚磷酸钠。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种防静电陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述偶联剂为KH550或KH560。
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