CN105565668A - 一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN105565668A
CN105565668A CN201610047313.1A CN201610047313A CN105565668A CN 105565668 A CN105565668 A CN 105565668A CN 201610047313 A CN201610047313 A CN 201610047313A CN 105565668 A CN105565668 A CN 105565668A
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steps
glaze
light
ball milling
quartz
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罗伟
谢文清
张金池
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FUJIAN WANQI S&T CERAMICS Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其包含：步骤A：陶瓷胚体的制备；步骤B：在步骤A中制得的陶瓷胚体的表面上色釉；所述步骤A包含如下步骤：配料；球磨；过筛除铁；榨泥；练泥；陈腐；精炼湿坯成型；干燥；洗水与整修；素烧（750～850℃）；精修成型干坯，得到陶瓷胚体；所述步骤B包含如下步骤：步骤B01:处理生料；按重量百分比称取65％～75％的火山矿泥和25％～35％的钠长石作为基料，将基料和水倒入球磨机中球磨2±0.1h，然后过筛得到釉浆；步骤B02:采用浸釉、喷釉或涂敷将釉浆均匀覆盖在陶瓷胚体上，然后烘干；步骤B03:将覆盖有釉浆的陶瓷胚体放入窑中升温至1280℃～1350℃，并保温烧制0.5～1h，即得到红棕色色釉的透光陶瓷色釉。

Description

一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷工艺领域，具体涉及透光陶瓷色釉的制作工艺。
背景技术
在我国陶瓷有着十分悠久的历史，现如今已被应用在很多领域，特别是在日用品中，陶瓷制品更是随处可见，其制备工艺也早已在全世界范围内广泛使用，日用陶瓷制品俨然已成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，形形色色的餐具、茶具、各类洁具等随处可见，这些陶瓷大多美观大方、造型多样，而且根据用途不同，还可以制备出耐温、耐磨耐腐蚀的陶瓷，深受消费者的喜爱；
传统的陶瓷产品透光性差，影响了其在建筑装饰等领域的进一步普及；与此同时，在传统透光陶瓷的上色釉技术中，工艺复杂，色釉的质量不稳定；上色釉工艺耗时耗力，不符合低碳环保的生产理念。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其工艺稳定可靠，上色釉过程低碳环保，质量稳定。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，包含：
步骤A：陶瓷胚体的制备；
步骤B：在步骤A中制得的陶瓷胚体的表面上色釉；
所述步骤A包含如下步骤：
步骤A01:配料；按比例将原料进行混合，按需要在原料内加入包括增强剂和减水剂的特殊添加剂；
步骤A02:球磨；把混合原料利用湿法球磨进行研磨处理；
步骤A03:过筛除铁；对研磨后的原料进行过筛除铁、喷雾干燥处理，得到粉料；
步骤A04:榨泥；
步骤A05:练泥；
步骤A06:陈腐；
步骤A07：精炼；
步骤A08:湿坯成型；
步骤A09：干燥；
步骤A10：洗水与整修；
步骤A11:素烧；素烧温度为750～850℃；
步骤A12：精修成型干坯，得到陶瓷胚体；
所述步骤B包含如下步骤：
步骤B01:处理生料；按重量百分比称取65％～75％的火山矿泥和25％～35％的钠长石作为基料，将基料和水倒入球磨机中球磨2±0.1h，然后过筛得到釉浆；
步骤B02:采用浸釉、喷釉或涂敷将釉浆均匀覆盖在陶瓷胚体上，然后烘干；
步骤B03:将覆盖有釉浆的陶瓷胚体放入窑中升温至1280℃～1350℃，并保温烧制0.5～1h，即得到红棕色色釉的透光陶瓷色釉；
上述步骤（B01）中水的重量为基料的1倍，球磨子的重量为基料的1.2～1.6倍；步骤（B03）中烧制的气压为101.3kPa；步骤（B03）窑内温度低于1040℃烧成气氛为氧化气氛，窑内温度≥1040℃烧成气氛为还原气氛。
本发明的优选实施方式和进一步的改进点如下：
（1）所述步骤（A12）的精修成型干坯包含在胚体上雕塑立体图案的步骤；所述步骤（A12）所述步骤（B01）之间还包含上内釉、素烧（750～850℃）、抛光的工艺过程。
（2）步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%。
进一步的是：所述步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%，纳米碳酸钙：3%～5%，氧化镁0.1%～1%。
（3）所述步骤（B01）中的球磨子为氧化铝球磨子；球磨子选用直径为20mm、10mm和5mm的球磨子，直径20mm、10mm和5mm球磨子的数量比1:5:25；所述步骤（B01）中球磨机每隔15min改变一次转动方向。
进一步的是：所述石英料包括的组分及其重量百分比如下：熔融石英：30%～60%，天然石英：40%～70%；所述熔融石英和天然石英的颗粒度均＜325目；所述膨润土为有机膨润土或天然精选膨润土。
（4）所述增强剂为纤维素醚或聚乙烯醇，减水剂为聚丙烯酸钠或腐植酸钠。
本发明有益效果是：
本发明的陶瓷胚体在成形粗坯加工工艺上，大幅度降低坯体厚度，有利于节约资源，减少产品在烧制过程中的能源消耗；陶瓷胚体的质量稳定，工艺合理，有助于减少上色釉步骤的烧制时间；本发明在陶瓷胚体制备过程中采用了增强剂和减水剂；增强剂用于提高原料的力学强度、尺寸稳定性和热变形温度。所述减水剂用于提高原料的减水率，增强成品的抗压强度，使得到的成品具有高的适应性和稳定性；
本发明的上色釉过程利用火山岩矿石和火山矿泥作为釉料在已有千年历史的陶瓷行业中是一项突破。利用火山岩矿石和火山矿泥也符合低碳环保的理念；本发明制备出的红棕色陶瓷色釉经色彩标准卡比对确定为“棕红”，颜色均一、稳定，而且为标准的棕红色。本发明在火山矿泥中加入钠长石，在火山岩矿石中加入高岭土，所制出的釉浆均一稳定。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明进一步说明，下述实施例是说明性的，不是限定性的，不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：包含：
步骤A：陶瓷胚体的制备；
步骤B：在步骤A中制得的陶瓷胚体的表面上色釉；
所述步骤A包含如下步骤：
步骤A01:配料；按比例将原料进行混合，按需要在原料内加入包括增强剂和减水剂的特殊添加剂；
步骤A02:球磨；把混合原料利用湿法球磨进行研磨处理；
步骤A03:过筛除铁；对研磨后的原料进行过筛除铁、喷雾干燥处理，得到粉料；
步骤A04:榨泥；
步骤A05:练泥；
步骤A06:陈腐；
步骤A07：精炼；
步骤A08:湿坯成型；
步骤A09：干燥；
步骤A10：洗水与整修；
步骤A11:素烧；素烧温度为750～850℃；
步骤A12：精修成型干坯，得到陶瓷胚体；
所述步骤B包含如下步骤：
步骤B01:处理生料；按重量百分比称取65％～75％的火山矿泥和25％～35％的钠长石作为基料，将基料和水倒入球磨机中球磨2±0.1h，然后过筛得到釉浆；
步骤B02:采用浸釉、喷釉或涂敷将釉浆均匀覆盖在陶瓷胚体上，然后烘干；
步骤B03:将覆盖有釉浆的陶瓷胚体放入窑中升温至1280℃～1350℃，并保温烧制0.5～1h，即得到红棕色色釉的透光陶瓷色釉；
上述步骤（B01）中水的重量为基料的1倍，球磨子的重量为基料的1.2～1.6倍；步骤（B03）中烧制的气压为101.3kPa；步骤（B03）窑内温度低于1040℃烧成气氛为氧化气氛，窑内温度≥1040℃烧成气氛为还原气氛。
优选的，所述步骤（A12）的精修成型干坯包含在胚体上雕塑立体图案的步骤；所述步骤（A12）所述步骤（B01）之间还包含上内釉、素烧（750～850℃）、抛光的工艺过程。本实施例，通过雕塑立体图案使得最终的产品具备非常美观的造型，本实施例在用于制备灯具陶瓷壳体的过程中能够使得制得的灯具陶瓷壳体更受欢迎。
优选的，步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%。本实施例公开了陶瓷胚体的基本配方；该配方使得制得的陶瓷胚体的透光性和白度更好；具体的，本发明的陶瓷胚体以天然石英为主体原材料，配合部分熔融石英，使用熔块作为溶剂，使用高塑性的膨润土原料作为粘结剂来实现产品的半干压成型性能，制备出的产品同时兼具高白度和透光率，满足既具有高白度，又具有透光性的使用要求。
所述熔融石英是氧化硅的非晶态（玻璃态），而天然石英是一种非金属矿物质，其主要矿物成分是SiO2。所述熔融石英和天然石英的大量加入，使得根据本配方制得的陶瓷砖具有高透光率。所述天然石英是一种坚硬、耐磨、化学性能稳定的硅酸盐矿物，其主要矿物成份是二氧化硅，颜色为乳白色、淡黄色、褐色、灰色或无色半透明状，相对密度为2.65，其化学、热学和机械性能具有明显的异向性，不溶于酸，熔点1750°C左右，有较高的耐火性；天然石英具有独特的物理、化学特性，特别是其内在的分子链结构、晶体形状和晶格变化规律，使其具有的耐高温、热膨胀系数小、高度绝缘、耐腐蚀、压电效应、谐振效应、以及其独特的光学特性，使其在许多产品中发挥着越来越重要的作用。天然石英用于制造平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、玻璃制品、光学玻璃、玻璃纤维、玻璃仪器、导电玻璃、玻璃布以及放射线特种玻璃，等等。
所述膨润土为有机膨润土或天然精选膨润土。膨润土又称蒙脱石粘土或斑脱岩，是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分的非金属矿产。所述有机膨润土是一种无机矿物/有机铵复合物，以膨润土为原料，利用膨润土中蒙脱石的层片状结构及其能在水或有机溶剂中溶胀分散成胶体级粘粒特性，通过离子交换技术插入有机覆盖剂而制成的。有机膨润土在各类有机溶剂、油类、液体树脂中能形成凝胶，具有良好的增稠性、触变性、悬浮稳定性、高温稳定性、润滑性、成膜性，耐水性及化学稳定性。而本高白透光陶瓷砖由于要同时具有高白和高透光性能，所以在原料中加入了大量的石英、熔块、长石（达到总重量的85%-95%）等脊性原料，大量脊性原料虽能带来高白度和高透光性能，但同时也会使得在陶瓷压制成型时，由于其粘结性能不够，而无法成型的问题。而膨润土的加入，为本高白透光陶瓷砖提供了优良的成型性能。
所述长石为常见的含钙、钠和钾的铝硅酸盐类造岩矿物，常见为乳白色，长石的加入（达到总重量的10%-20%）使得根据本配方制得的陶瓷砖具有高白度。
优选的，所述步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%，纳米碳酸钙：3%～5%，氧化镁0.1%～1%。本实施例增加了少量的纳米碳酸钙和微量的氧化镁；纳米碳酸钙能够提高了陶瓷的强度和韧性，和其它材料配合能够实现质轻，色泽均匀的效果，还有效的减少了烧结时间，节约了生产耗能，更加环保，不含有毒成份，使用更放心。微量氧化镁可以在窑中烧制时减慢陶瓷结晶过程中晶粒长大的速度，这样便能依靠晶粒边界的缓慢移动，把微气孔赶跑，提升最终品质。
优选的，所述步骤（B01）中的球磨子为氧化铝球磨子；球磨子选用直径为20mm、10mm和5mm的球磨子，直径20mm、10mm和5mm球磨子的数量比1:5:25；所述步骤（B01）中球磨机每隔15min改变一次转动方向。
优选的，所述石英料包括的组分及其重量百分比如下：熔融石英：30%～60%，天然石英：40%～70%；所述熔融石英和天然石英的颗粒度均＜325目；所述膨润土为有机膨润土或天然精选膨润土。
优选的，所述增强剂为纤维素醚或聚乙烯醇，减水剂为聚丙烯酸钠或腐植酸钠。
上面对本发明优选实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化，这些变化涉及本领域技术人员所熟知的相关技术，这些都落入本发明专利的保护范围。
不脱离本发明的构思和范围可以做出许多其他改变和改型。
应当理解，本发明不限于特定的实施方式，本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：包含：
步骤A：陶瓷胚体的制备；
步骤B：在步骤A中制得的陶瓷胚体的表面上色釉；
所述步骤A包含如下步骤：
步骤A01:配料；按比例将原料进行混合，按需要在原料内加入包括增强剂和减水剂的特殊添加剂；
步骤A02:球磨；把混合原料利用湿法球磨进行研磨处理；
步骤A03:过筛除铁；对研磨后的原料进行过筛除铁、喷雾干燥处理，得到粉料；
步骤A04:榨泥；
步骤A05:练泥；
步骤A06:陈腐；
步骤A07：精炼；
步骤A08:湿坯成型；
步骤A09：干燥；
步骤A10：洗水与整修；
步骤A11:素烧；素烧温度为750～850℃；
步骤A12：精修成型干坯，得到陶瓷胚体；
所述步骤B包含如下步骤：
步骤B01:处理生料；按重量百分比称取65％～75％的火山矿泥和25％～35％的钠长石作为基料，将基料和水倒入球磨机中球磨2±0.1h，然后过筛得到釉浆；
步骤B02:采用浸釉、喷釉或涂敷将釉浆均匀覆盖在陶瓷胚体上，然后烘干；
步骤B03:将覆盖有釉浆的陶瓷胚体放入窑中升温至1280℃～1350℃，并保温烧制0.5～1h，即得到红棕色色釉的透光陶瓷色釉；
上述步骤（B01）中水的重量为基料的1倍，球磨子的重量为基料的1.2～1.6倍；步骤（B03）中烧制的气压为101.3kPa；步骤（B03）窑内温度低于1040℃烧成气氛为氧化气氛，窑内温度≥1040℃烧成气氛为还原气氛。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（A12）的精修成型干坯包含在胚体上雕塑立体图案的步骤；所述步骤（A12）所述步骤（B01）之间还包含上内釉、素烧（750～850℃）、抛光的工艺过程。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（A01）中的配料依据的配方的组份及其重量百分比如下：
石英料：50%～65%，膨润土：5%～15%，硼砂：0.1%～3%，硅灰石：0.1%～3%，白云石：0.1%～3%，锂辉石：0.1%～3%，锌钡白：0.1%～3%，熔块：20%～35%，长石：5%～20%，增强剂0.1%～2%，减水剂0.01%～0.05%，纳米碳酸钙：3%～5%，氧化镁0.1%～1%。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（B01）中的球磨子为氧化铝球磨子；球磨子选用直径为20mm、10mm和5mm的球磨子，直径20mm、10mm和5mm球磨子的数量比1:5:25；所述步骤（B01）中球磨机每隔15min改变一次转动方向。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：所述石英料包括的组分及其重量百分比如下：熔融石英：30%～60%，天然石英：40%～70%；所述熔融石英和天然石英的颗粒度均＜325目；所述膨润土为有机膨润土或天然精选膨润土。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷色釉的制作方法，其特征在于：所述增强剂为纤维素醚或聚乙烯醇，减水剂为聚丙烯酸钠或腐植酸钠。
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CN106113237A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 姜曙光 一种在彩陶表面进行绘画的方法
CN107032772A (zh) * 2017-04-05 2017-08-11 佛山欧神诺陶瓷股份有限公司 一种透光陶瓷砖及其制备方法
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CN106007733A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2016-10-12 河源市东源鹰牌陶瓷有限公司 一种陶瓷粉料的制备方法
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CN107973225A (zh) * 2016-09-23 2018-05-01 成都九十度工业产品设计有限公司 一种陶瓷
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CN112225529A (zh) * 2019-06-30 2021-01-15 张文亮 云水瓷制作工艺

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Application publication date: 20160511