CN115066312A - 热喷涂线材 - Google Patents

热喷涂线材 Download PDF

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CN115066312A
CN115066312A CN202180013042.7A CN202180013042A CN115066312A CN 115066312 A CN115066312 A CN 115066312A CN 202180013042 A CN202180013042 A CN 202180013042A CN 115066312 A CN115066312 A CN 115066312A
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thermal spraying
thermal spray
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平山勇人
樋口毅
田井中直也
星川裕聪
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
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    • B23K35/3053Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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Abstract

作为连续电弧线材热喷涂机中使用的热喷涂材料,提供一种用于通电性良好地,以稳定的电压连续且稳定地进行电弧热喷涂的热喷涂线材。通过使用在包含不锈钢的棒材的表面上具有厚度为0.3~1.2μm的镀铜覆膜的热喷涂线材,能够通过具有线材供给机构的连续电弧热喷涂机稳定地进行电弧热喷涂。

Description

热喷涂线材
技术领域
本发明涉及连续电弧线材热喷涂机中使用的热喷涂线材。
背景技术
内燃机构的缸膛(Cylinder bore)、其内壁等接触面处形成有具有耐磨耗性的涂层。这样的涂层例如是通过电弧线材热喷涂这样的热喷涂而形成的。在电弧线材热喷涂中,通过施加电压,在两个线材状热喷涂材料之间产生电弧。线材片由此熔化,通过热喷涂气体而被搬运至进行涂层的表面,例如作为形成覆膜的位置的圆柱的壁。
为了提供经过改良的这样的电弧线材热喷涂用的线材状热喷涂材料,在专利文献1中,提出了:基本上由铁构成,通过热喷涂材料的固化,而以珠光体、贝氏体和马氏体这样的微合金的形式而至少与碳一同形成的线材状热喷涂材料。此外,还提出了:为了防止腐蚀,在线材状热喷涂材料的表面进行镀铜。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表2014-509260
发明内容
发明所解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于,作为连续电弧线材热喷涂机中使用的热喷涂材料,提供一种用于通电性良好地以稳定的电压连续且稳定地进行电弧热喷涂的、包含不锈钢的热喷涂线材。
解决问题的技术手段
本发明发现:通过在具有线材供给机构的连续电弧热喷涂机中使用在包含不锈钢的棒材的表面上具有厚度0.3~1.2μm的镀铜覆膜的、包含不锈钢的热喷涂线材,能够通电性良好地,以稳定的电压连续且稳定地进行电弧热喷涂。
发明效果
只要使用本发明的热喷涂线材并通过连续电弧线材热喷涂机进行热喷涂,则通电性良好,并且线材供给性良好,因此能够以稳定的电压连续且稳定地进行电弧热喷涂。
具体实施方式
就本发明的热喷涂线材中使用的、包含不锈钢的棒材的组成而言,只要是不锈钢即可,没有特别限定。作为不锈钢,优选为含有8~20质量%Cr的不锈钢。Cr含量低于8%时,存在耐腐蚀性降低的倾向,超过20%时,铁素体组织变为主要组织,因此热喷涂线材变软,存在断线的倾向。
就本发明的热喷涂线材中使用的、包含不锈钢的棒材而言,除了Cr以外也可以包含C、Ni、Mn。这些元素的优选的含量为C:0.005~0.2质量%,Ni:0.001~3.0质量%,Mn:0.01~3.0质量%。这些C、Ni、Mn是促进奥氏体化的元素,在热喷涂后奥氏体通过急速冷却而马氏体化,强度升高。C、Ni、Mn的含量如果比所述含量的下限更少,则存在热喷涂后的覆膜的强度变得不充分的倾向。此外,如果Mn的含量比所述含量的上限更多,则线材变得过硬,伸展性降低,拉丝时断线的可能性升高。
就本发明的热喷涂线材中使用的、包含不锈钢的棒材而言,也可以微量地包含Si、V、Mo、P、S、Al、Ni等。就这些元素的优选的含量而言,以最大含量计为,V:0.15质量%,Ni:1.0质量%,Mo:1.0质量%,其它的元素为0.01质量%。
本发明的热喷涂线材具有厚度0.3~1.2μm的镀铜覆膜。镀铜覆膜的厚度如果低于0.3μm,则电弧热喷涂时的通电性差,难以在较低的电压下稳定地进行电弧热喷涂。镀铜覆膜的厚度如果超过1.2μm,则线材供给机构处会堆积镀敷渣,线材供给机构的运转变得困难。
本发明的热喷涂线材的直径优选为1.5mm以上1.6mm以下。直径如果低于1.5mm,则镀铜的附着存在劣化的倾向,存在电弧热喷涂时的通电性变得不稳定的情况。直径如果超过1.6mm,则存在镀敷的密合力降低的倾向。
<电镀的条件>
本发明的热喷涂线材的镀铜覆膜可以通过将包含不锈钢的棒材浸渍于硫酸铜溶液中,在电压2~10V、电流密度1~10A/dm2的条件下进行电镀而制造。为该条件时,能够比较稳定地以较高的速度进行电弧热喷涂。
向电镀中使用的硫酸铜镀浴中,可使用混合溶解作为主要成分的硫酸和硫酸铜,向其中添加光泽剂和氯而得到的溶液。
通常而言,电解镀铜中使用的浴组成包含:硫酸铜200~250g/L、金属铜50~60g/L、硫酸30~75g/L、氯20~40mg/L、适量的添加剂。将浴温保持在20~50℃,一边搅拌,一边在电压2~10V、电流密度1~10A/dm2的条件下进行。
硫酸铜浓度和硫酸浓度可以通过添加剂的添加等而适宜调节,由此能够进行高速化。氯离子如果较少则产生流平,如果过量加入则产生高电流部的变色(ヤケ),因此需要适宜调节。此外,镀敷的厚度可以通过调节通电时间来进行控制。
<包含不锈钢的棒材的制造>
包含不锈钢的棒材在进行电镀前,优选通过冷拉丝,使直径为约1.5mm以上,约1.6mm以下。就包含不锈钢的棒材而言,例如,可以通过以下方法制造:通过将在溶解炉中进行了成分调节的熔融金属进行初轧(blooming),制造直径为约8~10mm的棒材,通过对初轧了的棒材使用模具重复进行冷拉丝,加工至直径为约1.5mm以上1.6mm以下。
<热喷涂覆膜的形成>
就使用本发明的热喷涂线材形成热喷涂覆膜的基材而言,没有特别限定,只要是耐磨耗性、耐腐蚀性符合要求的金属制的基材即可。例如,可以在内燃机构的缸膛、其内壁等接触面处形成热喷涂覆膜。
热喷涂覆膜可以通过电弧热喷涂形成。电弧热喷涂是以电能为热源,对作为热喷涂材料的2根金属线材施加电压而产生电弧放电,通过该热量使线材材料熔融,通过压缩空气等的气体喷射,使熔融粒子微细化,并喷至基材处的方法。通过增加热喷涂速度,增大电弧电流,每1小时能够热喷涂20~40kg的金属。该覆膜形成速度为溶线式框架热喷涂法的2~4倍。此外,能够使熔融了的金属的温度提高,因此具有热喷涂覆膜的密合强度、覆膜强度高的优点。
就电弧热喷涂而言,通常通过线材供给机构向连续电弧热喷涂机供给热喷涂线材。线材供给机构优选能够实现恒定的供给速度或速度调节。通过稳定地供给线材,能够进行稳定的热喷涂。线材的供给性如果降低,则会成为线材的断线、热喷涂覆膜的特性降低的原因。热喷涂线材上形成的镀铜覆膜的厚度如果超过1.2μm,则线材供给机构处会堆积镀敷渣,线材供给机构的运转变得困难。如果线材的供给出现问题,则会引起线材的断线、热喷涂品质降低,导致热喷涂覆膜的品质降低。
实施例
(热喷涂线材的制备)
通过将在溶解炉进行了成分调节的熔融金属进行初轧,得到了包含含有Cr:14质量%,C:0.01质量%,Ni:0.2质量%,Mn:0.5质量%的直径9mm的钢的棒材。对得到的棒材使用模具,重复进行冷拉丝,由此准备了包含直径为1.58mm的钢的棒材。作为比较例1的热喷涂线材,将得到的棒材不进行镀铜而原样使用。
作为实施例1和2、比较例2和3中使用的热喷涂线材,将如上所述而得到的包含钢的棒材各自浸渍至浴组成为硫酸铜220g/L、金属铜55g/L、硫酸50g/L、氯30mg/L的硫酸铜溶液中,在电压3~7V,电流密度:1~8A/dm2的条件下进行了电镀处理。此时,分别以达到表1表示的镀铜厚度的方式,对电镀的通电时间进行了调节,镀铜的厚度基于JIS8501记载的“镀敷的厚度试验方法”而测定。将得到的包含钢的棒材分别作为实施例1和2、比较例2~3中使用的热喷涂线材。实施例1和2、比较例2~3中的全部的热喷涂线材具有相同的组成和相同的线材直径(1.58mm),只有镀铜层的厚度如表1所表示的分别有所不同。
[表1]
Figure BDA0003783754530000041
(电弧热喷涂试验)
使用实施例1和2、比较例1~3的热喷涂线材,对基材进行电弧热喷涂试验,由此对电弧热喷涂的稳定性进行了评价。作为基材,使用了对铸造后的铝合金制汽缸体的缸膛内表面进行了基础加工而得的产物。电弧热喷涂试验使用Heller公司的双线材电弧热喷涂机VM1(产品名),使热喷涂电压暂时瞬间性地升至80~90V左右,产生初始电弧,然后,使电压降至20V,评价电弧热喷涂能否稳定地进行。
电弧热喷涂试验的结果示于表1。在实施例1和2中,在电压20~25V下能够稳定地进行热喷涂。与之相对,在比较例1的不具有镀铜的热喷涂线材的情况下,在瞬间性地使电压增加而产生初始电弧后,将电压降至25V时,空气的绝缘破坏变得不可能,电弧消失(失火)。此外,在比较例2的镀铜的厚度为0.1μm的情况下,在将电压降至20V时,绝缘破坏变得不可能而失火。此外,在比较例3的将镀铜的厚度增加至1.5μm的情况下,电弧虽然稳定,但热喷涂时,线材供给设备中积攒了镀敷渣,线材供给机构的稳定运转变得困难。

Claims (2)

1.一种热喷涂线材,其为在具有线材供给机构的连续电弧线材热喷涂机中使用的热喷涂线材,其在包含不锈钢的棒材的表面上具有厚度为0.3~1.2μm的镀铜覆膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热喷涂线材,其中,
所述不锈钢含有8~20质量%的Cr。
CN202180013042.7A 2020-02-05 2021-02-05 热喷涂线材 Pending CN115066312A (zh)

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EP4101580A4 (en) 2023-09-27
EP4101580A1 (en) 2022-12-14

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