CN115053777A - 一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法 - Google Patents
一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,包括:(1)品种选择及种植;(2)诱导侧芽处理;(3)获取甘蔗种茎;(4)修剪甘蔗种茎;(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂;(6)诱导和催芽处理;(7)育苗。本发明采用易爆芽的甘蔗品种进行种植,当甘蔗长到15‑17个有效节时,进行去顶操作,获得生长有侧芽的单芽段种茎,将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉部分,并留0.5‑0.7cm的基部,然后依次浸泡自制的杀菌消毒剂、起诱导和催芽作用的诱导剂,再进行育苗,可使甘蔗由单芽变复芽,增加甘蔗的苗数,在后期移栽种植中,可节省80%以上的用种量(常规5000‑7000芽,现只用1000芽),还可保证全苗和有效茎从而延长甘蔗宿根年限,降低甘蔗生产成本,提高种蔗收益,有利于甘蔗产业健康发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于甘蔗栽培技术领域,特别涉及一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法。
背景技术
甘蔗是制造蔗糖的原料,是我国重要的经济作物。广西是我国最大的糖业生产基地,甘蔗的种植面积及产产量均居全国首位。由于用工成本上涨、农资价格上涨等原因,甘蔗的生产成本持续上涨,种植甘蔗的收益逐年下降,导致甘蔗的种植面积逐年缩减。如何降低甘蔗生产成本、提高种蔗收益成为甘蔗产业健康发展的制约因素。
甘蔗是以种茎进行无性繁殖的作物,生产上通常以上一季甘蔗植株作为繁殖用种,以留种方式不同分为全茎种、半茎种及梢部种3种,以下种的芽数不同分为单芽茎、双芽茎、三芽茎等。目前,甘蔗生产上用种量为5000-7000芽/亩的用种量,部分蔗区蔗农用种量甚至高达10000芽/亩,造成极度浪费,也是甘蔗种植成本高的重要因素。若能将甘蔗的单芽变成复芽,仅需要1000芽/亩,通过诱导复芽则每亩的苗数即可成2000-3000,移栽到田间后再发生分蘖,即可保证每亩的苗数在5000以上,既能保证单位面积的甘蔗苗数,又能有效降低甘蔗的用种量,进而降低甘蔗生产成本;提高种蔗收益,有利于甘蔗产业的健康发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,从而克服现有甘蔗种植用种量大的缺陷,保证甘蔗单位面积有效茎进而延长甘蔗宿根年限,最终降低甘蔗生产成本。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种进行种植;
(2)诱导侧芽处理:甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作;
(3)获取甘蔗种茎:侧芽长到8-15cm时,将甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎;
(4)修剪甘蔗种茎:将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部;
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将修剪好的甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理;
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理;
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到土壤或基质中进行育苗。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述甘蔗品种为桂糖44号或桂糖60。试验证明,桂糖44号和桂糖60这两个品种很容易爆芽,在进行去顶操作后,很容易长出侧芽,这样有利于后续的诱导和催芽。
优选的,步骤(2)中,去顶时,从顶部的分叉口往下18-23cm处砍掉。优选的,从顶部分叉口往下20cm处砍掉。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述单芽段种茎的长度为3-3.5cm。
优选的,步骤(5)中,所述杀菌消毒剂包括如下重量份成分:775%酒精 60-75份,薄荷提取液1-1.5份,苦参2-2.5份,艾叶提取液1.5-2份,大蒜萃取液 3-4份,黄连1-1.5份,百菌清1-2份 。上述的这些提取液、萃取液均可由市面采购,也可以采用现有技术进行提取或萃取,提取液/萃取液的有效成分浓度高,杀菌效果更好。
优选的,所述诱导剂包括如下浓度成分:6-苄基嘌呤50-80mg/L,调环酸钙200mg/L,葡萄糖30-35g/L,吲哚丁酸30-35mg/L ,萘乙酸0.2mg/L ,磷酸二氢钾8.5-12g/L。多种激素协调增效,既能诱导甘蔗单芽变多芽,又能促进甘蔗芽的生长,缩短育苗周期。
优选的,步骤(7)中,采用一次性碗或育苗盘进行育苗。
优选的,还包括步骤(8)移栽,即育苗后的甘蔗生长到15-20cm时,移栽至种植地。
优选的,采用机械进行移栽。机械移栽种植与人工种植相比,可提高种植效率、降低种植成本。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明的诱导方法易爆芽的甘蔗品种进行种植,在甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作,可获得生长有侧芽的单芽段种茎,将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉部分,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部,然后依次浸泡自制的杀菌消毒剂、诱导和催芽作用的诱导剂,再进行育苗,可使甘蔗由单芽变复芽,增加甘蔗的苗数,在后期移栽种植中,可节省80%以上用种量(常规5000-7000芽,现只用1000芽),还可保证全苗和有效茎从而延长甘蔗宿根年限,进而降低甘蔗生产成本,提高种蔗收益,有利于甘蔗产业的健康发展。
2、本发明的杀菌消毒剂采用苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、薄荷提取液、大蒜萃取液、黄连等天然成分与百菌清联合进行杀菌,既能防止剪切的伤口腐烂,又对甘蔗种茎友好,不影响甘蔗芽的细胞分化等。
3、本发明的诱导剂复配有6-苄基嘌呤、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、调环酸钙等协同增效来促进甘蔗芽分裂生长,并添加有葡萄糖、磷酸二氢钾等营养成分,既能诱导甘蔗由单芽变多芽,同时能促进甘蔗芽的生长,缩短育苗周期。
附图说明
图1是生长有侧芽的单芽段种茎。
图2是修剪后的甘蔗单芽段种茎。
图3是诱导和催芽处理后育苗出苗后的甘蔗种茎生长情况。
图4是实施例1与空白对照组的育苗对照效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1
一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种桂糖44号进行种植。试验证明,桂糖44号和桂糖60这两个品种很容易爆芽,在进行去顶操作后,很容易长出侧芽,这样有利于后续的诱导和催芽。
(2)诱导侧芽处理:甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作。即从顶部的分叉口往下约20cm处砍掉。
(3)获取甘蔗种茎:侧芽长到8-15cm时,将甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎。所述单芽段种茎的长度为3.5-4cm。具体图1所示。
(4)修剪甘蔗种茎:将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部。如图2所示。
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将修剪好的甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理。所述杀菌消毒剂包括如下重量份成分:75%酒精 60份,薄荷提取液1.5份,苦参2份;艾叶提取液2份, 大蒜萃取液4份 ;黄连1份 ;百菌清2份。上述的这些提取液、萃取液均可由市面采购,也可以采用现有技术进行提取或萃取,提取液/萃取液的有效成分浓度高,杀菌效果更好。
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理。所述诱导剂包括如下浓度成分:6-苄基嘌呤50mg/L,调环酸钙200mg/L,葡萄糖35g/L,吲哚丁酸30mg/L ,萘乙酸0.2mg/L ,磷酸二氢钾8.5g/L。多种激素协调增效,既能诱导甘蔗单芽变多芽,又能促进甘蔗芽的生长。
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到一次性碗的基质中进行育苗。
其余未陈述的方法、步骤等均采用现有技术进行操作、管理。甘蔗出苗后将甘蔗茎挖出,甘蔗茎不仅由单芽变成复芽,根系生长也很繁密,具体如图3所示。
实施例2
一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种桂糖44号进行种植。
(2)诱导侧芽处理:甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作。即从顶部的分叉口往下20-23cm处砍掉。
(3)获取甘蔗种茎:侧芽长到8-15cm时,将甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎。所述单芽段种茎的长度为3.5-4cm。
(4)修剪甘蔗种茎:将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部。
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将修剪好的甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理。所述杀菌消毒剂包括如下重量份成分:75%酒精 65份,薄荷提取液1.2份,苦参2.2份;艾叶提取液2份, 大蒜萃取液 3份 ;黄连.5份 ;百菌清2份。
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理。所述诱导剂包括如下浓度成分:6-苄基嘌呤60mg/L,调环酸钙200mg/L,葡萄糖30g/L, IBA35mg/L ,萘乙酸0.2mg/L ,磷酸二氢钾10g/L。
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到育苗盘的土壤中进行育苗。
实施例3
一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种桂糖60进行种植。
(2)诱导侧芽处理:甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作。即从顶部的分叉口往下18-23cm处砍掉。
(3)获取甘蔗种茎:侧芽长到8-15cm时,将甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎。所述单芽段种茎的长度为3.5-4cm。
(4)修剪甘蔗种茎:将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部。
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将修剪好的甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理。所述杀菌消毒剂包括如下重量份成分:75%酒精75份,薄荷提取液1份,苦参2.5份;艾叶提取液1.5份,大蒜萃取液 3份 ;黄连1.5份 ;百菌清1份。
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理。所述诱导剂包括如下浓度成分:6-苄基嘌呤80mg/L,调环酸钙200mg/L,葡萄糖30g/L, IBA35mg/L ,萘乙酸0.2mg/L ,磷酸二氢钾12g/L。
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到采用一次性碗或育苗盘的土壤中进行育苗。
对照实施例1(不浸泡诱导剂)
本对照实施例与实施例1的方法近似,其区别在于:修剪掉部分侧芽的单芽段种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂后,不浸泡诱导剂就直接进行育苗。
对照实施例2(浸泡6-苄基嘌呤)
本对照实施例与实施例2的方法近似,其区别在于:修剪掉部分侧芽的单芽段种茎不浸泡杀菌消毒剂也不浸泡诱导剂,而是浸泡40mg/L的 6-苄基嘌呤,然后就进行育苗。
对照实施例3(不诱导侧芽,直接用杀菌消毒剂和诱导剂浸泡甘蔗种茎)
本对照实施例的诱导方法包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种桂糖44号进行种植。
(2)获取甘蔗种茎:将成熟的甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎,甘蔗种茎若有侧芽,将侧芽全部剪掉。
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将单芽段甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理;
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理;
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到土壤中进行育苗。.
空白对照(浸泡清水)
本对照实施例与实施例1的方法近似,其区别在于:修剪掉部分侧芽的单芽段种茎不浸泡杀菌消毒剂也不浸泡诱导剂,而是浸泡清水,然后就进行育苗。如图4所示,本空白对照组与实施例1的相比,不仅出苗数量少,且苗的生长速度慢。
上述8组处理后的甘蔗种茎同一时间同一地点(广西南宁市农科院内)进行育苗,并按常规方法进行管理,各组处理下甘蔗的农艺性状见表1
表1 各组处理下甘蔗的农艺性状
由表1可见,采用本方法处理过的甘蔗种茎进行育苗,单芽段的平均发芽数量增加一倍以上,即一个芽段出现2-3个新芽,实现了单芽变多芽,且甘蔗苗的生长速度更快。实施例1-3与对比实施例1相比,出苗率更高,出苗高度、单芽段的平均发芽数量都显著提高,说明本诱导剂在甘蔗快繁中扮演重要角色,与对比实施例2只用6-苄基嘌呤浸泡的相比,第一个芽的出土时间更快,单芽段的平均发芽数量也显著提升。实施例1-3与对比实施例3相比,单芽段的平均发芽数量显著提升,说明虽然药剂相同,但是不采用侧芽进行诱导,并不能将甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽,也不能在后期的移栽过程中减少用种量。实施例1和空白对照组的育苗对照效果图参照图4,空白对照不仅苗数比实施例1的少,长势也弱。
实施例4(移栽试验)
将实施例1和对照实施例2的甘蔗苗移栽至广西南宁市农科院试验基地的大田中,实施例1移栽后16天的成活率为98.1%,对照实施例3移栽16天后成活率为80.3%。
另外,常规甘蔗种植每亩需5000-7000芽,采用本快繁方法,使甘蔗单芽诱导成复芽后,仅需要1000芽/亩,通过诱导复芽则每亩的苗数即可成2000-3000/亩,移再后再发生分蘖,即可保证每亩的苗数在5000芽以上,既能保证单位面积的甘蔗苗数,又能有效降低甘蔗的用种量,进而降低甘蔗生产成本;提高种蔗收益。
综上,本发明的诱导方法易爆芽的甘蔗品种进行种植,在甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作,可获得生长有侧芽的单芽段种茎,将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉部分,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部,然后依次浸泡自制的杀菌消毒剂、起诱导和催芽作用的诱导剂,再进行育苗,可使甘蔗由单芽变复芽,增加甘蔗的苗数,在后期移栽种植中,可节省80%的用种量,还可保证全苗和有效茎从而延长甘蔗宿根年限,进而降低甘蔗生产成本,提高种蔗收益,有利于甘蔗产业的健康发展。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种甘蔗单芽诱导成多芽的快繁方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)品种选择及种植:选择生产上易爆芽的甘蔗品种进行种植;
(2)诱导侧芽处理:甘蔗生长到15-17个有效节时,进行去顶操作;
(3)获取甘蔗种茎:侧芽长到8-15cm时,将甘蔗砍成单芽段种茎;
(4)修剪甘蔗种茎:将单芽段种茎的侧芽剪掉,并留0.5-0.7cm长度的基部;
(5)浸泡杀菌消毒剂:将修剪好的甘蔗种茎浸泡杀菌消毒剂进行消毒和杀菌处理;
(6)诱导和催芽处理:将消毒和杀菌处理过的甘蔗种茎浸泡诱导剂进行诱导和催芽处理;
(7)育苗:将诱导和催芽处理后的甘蔗种茎种植到土壤或基质中进行育苗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述甘蔗品种为桂糖44号或桂糖60。
3.根据权利要求2所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,去顶时,从顶部的分叉口往下18-23cm处砍掉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述单芽段种茎的长度为3-3.5cm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述杀菌消毒剂包括如下重量份成分:75%酒精 60-75份,薄荷提取液1-1.5份,苦参2-2.5份,艾叶提取液1.5-2份,大蒜萃取液 3-4份,黄连1-1.5份,百菌清1-2份 。
6.根据权利要求1所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,所述诱导剂包括如下浓度成分:6-苄基嘌呤50-80mg/L,调环酸钙200mg/L,葡萄糖30-35g/L,吲哚丁酸30-35mg/L ,萘乙酸0.2mg/L ,磷酸二氢钾8.5-12g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,采用一次性碗或育苗盘进行育苗。
8.根据权利要求1所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,还包括步骤(8)移栽,即育苗后的甘蔗生长到15-20cm时,移栽至种植地。
9.根据权利要求8所述的快繁方法,其特征在于,采用机械进行移栽。
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