CN115039681A - Organic ginseng fruit cultivation method capable of circularly improving soil - Google Patents
Organic ginseng fruit cultivation method capable of circularly improving soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039681A CN115039681A CN202210481596.6A CN202210481596A CN115039681A CN 115039681 A CN115039681 A CN 115039681A CN 202210481596 A CN202210481596 A CN 202210481596A CN 115039681 A CN115039681 A CN 115039681A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic ginseng fruit cultivation method for circularly improving soil, which comprises the steps of land selection, cultivation frame erection, field planting, branch fixing, branch wiping, flower thinning and fruit thinning and cultivation substrate recycling, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place; erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; planting the ginseng fruit seedlings in the planting holes, fixing branches when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, performing branch wiping 20-40 days after branch fixing, performing flower thinning and fruit thinning 20-40 days after branch wiping, and injecting liquid potassium fertilizer into a liquid supply port after flower thinning and fruit thinning; after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipes is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with contour lines in the east-west direction, and the soil is circularly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic ginseng fruit cultivation method capable of circularly improving soil.
Background
Ginseng fruit (Ginseng fruit)Solanum muricatum) Original Solanum melons and Solanum melons, as well as pecans, phoenix fruits and gorgeous fruits, belong to Solanaceae Solanum vegetables and fruits and are ornamental herbaceous plants. The fruit shape is mostly similar to heart shape and ellipse shape, the fruit belt has purple stripes when being mature, the fruit belt has elegant faint scent, the pulp is fresh and juicy, and the flavor is unique. It has high protein, low sugar, low fat, and is rich in vitamin C and trace elements essential for human body. Therefore, the ginseng fruit has the functions of resisting cancer, resisting aging, reducing blood pressure, reducing blood sugar, diminishing inflammation, supplementing calcium, beautifying and the like, and can be widely planted and eaten in China. Organic planting refers to an agricultural production system which is not suitable for chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers and growth regulators in the production process, does not adopt genetic engineering and ion radiation technology, follows natural laws and ecological principles, adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests so as to obtain safe organisms and products thereof. With the continuous development of society, people have higher expectations for the quality requirements of various products and green organic health foods, and in order to meet the requirements of people on quality and health, the development of an organic ginseng fruit cultivation method for circularly improving soil is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic ginseng fruit cultivation method for circularly improving soil.
The invention aims to realize the method, which comprises the steps of land selection, cultivation frame erection, field planting, branch fixing, branch wiping, flower thinning and fruit thinning and cultivation substrate recycling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place;
B. erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; the ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame comprises a support frame (1) and planting pipes (2), wherein each planting pipe (2) comprises a lower planting pipe (21) and an upper planting pipe (22), each lower planting pipe (21) is of an upper opening sealing structure and is respectively provided with a liquid supply port and a liquid discharge port, each upper planting pipe (22) is of a lower opening structure, a plurality of planting holes (23) are formed in the top of each upper planting pipe at intervals, at least two fixing rings (3) with upper openings are arranged on the support frame (1) at intervals along the axial direction of each planting pipe (2), each lower planting pipe (21) is arranged in each fixing ring (3), each upper planting pipe (22) can be covered on each lower planting pipe (21) in an opening and closing mode, and each fixing ring (3) is detachably connected with a fastening ring (4) for pressing each upper planting pipe (22) downwards;
C. planting: adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe (21) as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings into the planting holes (23), and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the liquid supply port in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5) a nutrient solution;
D. branch fixing: carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (2.5-3.5), wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium;
E. b, wiping a fork: performing branch wiping 20-40 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is characterized in that the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (0.2 to 0.4);
F. flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits 20-40 days after the branch is smeared, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned;
G. and (3) recycling the culture medium: after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe (21) is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
According to the invention, east-west contour lines are selected to ensure that the illumination time per day can reach 13-14 h, a specific ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame and nutrient solution supply are combined to be divided into three stages, and the first stage is a low-nitrogen high-potassium liquid fertilizer; the second stage is nitrogen-free phosphorus-potassium-calcium liquid fertilizer; the third stage is liquid potash fertilizer, the specific technical means of gradually controlling nitrogen realizes high cortex density of ginseng fruit, so that the obtained ginseng fruit has thin peel, can also protect the nutritional value and vitamin content of ginseng fruit pulp from being lost to the greatest extent and meet the standard of organic products, and meanwhile, the culture medium is used for improving circulating soil to gradually form virtuous cycle of complete organic cultivation; the vitamin content in the high-quality ginseng fruit cultivated by the method is far greater than that of the ginseng fruit on the market, and can reach more than 60 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated by reducing sugar) reaches over 9.5 percent.
The ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame comprises a support frame and planting pipes, wherein the planting pipes comprise a lower planting pipe and an upper planting pipe, the lower planting pipe is of an upper opening sealing structure and is respectively provided with a liquid supply port and a liquid discharge port, the upper planting pipe is of a lower opening structure, a plurality of planting holes are formed in the top of the upper planting pipe at intervals, at least two fixing rings with upper openings are arranged on the support frame at intervals along the axial direction of the planting pipes, the lower planting pipe is arranged in the fixing rings, the upper planting pipe can be covered on the lower planting pipe in an opening and closing mode, and the fixing rings are detachably connected with fastening rings which press the upper planting pipe downwards.
The planting pipe is obliquely arranged on the support frame along the axial direction, the liquid supply port is arranged at the upper end of the lower planting pipe and is communicated with the liquid supply end of the liquid supply system, and the liquid discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the lower planting pipe and is communicated with the liquid return end of the liquid supply system.
The planting pipe level sets up on the support frame, be provided with the deflector of slope along the axial in the planting pipe down, the planting pipe is provided with the droping mouth at the slope lower extreme of deflector down, the confession liquid mouth sets up in the deflector upside of keeping away from droping mouth one end and feeds through with the confession liquid end of liquid supply system, the leakage fluid dram sets up in the deflector downside of confession liquid end and feeds through with the liquid return end of liquid supply system.
The inclination angle of the planting pipe or the guide plate is 5-20 degrees.
The fastening ring is an elastic clamp spring, one end of the fastening ring is provided with a connecting hole, one end of the fastening ring is fixedly connected with the fixing ring, and the other end of the fastening ring is connected with a bolt on the fixing ring through the connecting hole; or the two ends of the fastening ring are respectively provided with a connecting hole, and the two ends of the fastening ring are respectively connected with the bolts on the fixing ring through the connecting holes.
The support frame is "T" shape, "worker" shape or "king" shape structure, the interval of planting the pipe symmetry sets up in the crossbeam upper end of support frame, the crossbeam of "worker" shape or "king" shape structure of support frame is from the top down to both sides growth gradually.
The overhead beam of the support frame is also provided with a T-shaped vine guiding frame, and the I-shaped or Wang-shaped beam of the support frame and the vine guiding frame are respectively provided with drooping vine guiding ropes at intervals.
And the cross beam of the I-shaped or Wang-shaped structure of the support frame and the cross beam of the tendril guiding frame are also provided with a water spraying nozzle and/or a light supplementing lamp.
The lower planting pipe and/or the upper planting pipe are in semicircular, U-shaped or [ -shaped structures, the upper planting pipe is clamped at the outer side of the lower planting pipe, and elastic sealing strips are arranged at the outer side of an upper opening of the lower planting pipe and/or the inner side of a lower opening of the upper planting pipe.
The open ends of the lower planting pipe and the upper planting pipe are respectively and correspondingly provided with a connecting table extending horizontally outwards, and the lower planting pipe is connected with the upper planting pipe through the table top of the connecting table; the connection bench of planting pipe and/or last planting pipe has embedded elastic sealing strip down, perhaps is provided with elastic sealing strip between the connection bench mesa of planting pipe and last planting pipe down.
The construction and use method is as shown in figures 1 to 4, a guide plate which inclines 10 degrees from a liquid supply port to the other side is fixedly arranged in the lower planting pipe, four sides of the guide plate are hermetically connected with the inner wall of the lower planting pipe, then, a filter screen or a filter plate with filter holes smaller than the matrix is arranged on a liquid dropping port in the lower planting pipe, the lower planting pipe is placed on a fixing ring, the matrix is filled on a guide plate in the lower planting pipe, then an elastic sealing strip is placed on a connecting table of the lower planting pipe, the upper planting pipe provided with a plurality of planting holes is covered on the lower planting pipe, a fastening ring is tightly connected with the fixing ring fixed on a cross beam of a support frame through bolts, the connecting table of the upper planting pipe tightly presses the elastic sealing strip to form sealing connection with the lower planting pipe, and finally a liquid supply port and a liquid discharge port on the upper planting pipe are respectively connected with a liquid supply and discharge system, so that the construction and planting preparation of the invention are completed.
When the device is used, the ginseng fruit plants are planted on the substrate in the planting holes of the upper planting pipe, the prepared nutrient solution is injected into the lower planting pipe from the liquid supply port according to needs, the nutrient solution flows to the lower part of the guide plate along the guide plate towards the liquid falling port, and the valve connected with the liquid discharge port is closed, so that the nutrient solution in the lower planting pipe reaches a certain height, and the supplement of the nutrient solution is completed. And opening a valve connected with the liquid outlet according to the requirement or the preset time, discharging part or all of the nutrient solution, and then supplementing the nutrient solution. After the first crop is planted, stems and leaves of ginseng fruits are removed, the fastening ring is loosened by loosening the bolts, the upper planting pipe is taken down, the plant root system in the lower planting pipe is removed, the substrate is replaced, the inner cavity of the lower planting pipe is cleaned and disinfected, then the substrate is filled again, and then the upper planting pipe is closed and the bolts are fastened, so that the stubble changing operation is completed.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the organic cultivation frame for ginseng fruit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the planting tube of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic view of the organic cultivation frame for ginseng fruit according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-support frame, 2-planting pipe, 21-lower planting pipe, 22-upper planting pipe, 23-planting hole, 24-guide plate, 25-liquid dropping port, 26-elastic sealing strip, 27-connecting table, 28-matrix, 3-fixing ring, 4-fastening ring, 5-bolt, 7-vine guiding frame, 8-vine guiding rope and 9-sprinkling sprayer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a commercially available ginseng fruit test report.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The organic ginseng fruit cultivation method capable of circularly improving soil comprises the steps of land selection, cultivation frame erection, field planting, branch fixing, branch wiping, flower thinning and fruit thinning and cultivation substrate recycling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place;
B. erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; the ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame comprises a support frame 1 and a planting tube 2, wherein the planting tube 2 comprises a lower planting tube 21 and an upper planting tube 22, the lower planting tube 21 is of an upper opening sealing structure and is respectively provided with a liquid supply port and a liquid discharge port, the upper planting tube 22 is of a lower opening structure, a plurality of planting holes 23 are formed in the top of the upper planting tube 22 at intervals, at least two fixing rings 3 with upper openings are arranged on the support frame 1 at intervals along the axial direction of the planting tube 2, the lower planting tube 21 is arranged in the fixing rings 3, the upper planting tube 22 can be covered on the lower planting tube 21 in an opening and closing mode, and fastening rings 4 for pressing the upper planting tube 22 downwards are detachably connected to the fixing rings 3;
C. planting: adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe 21 to serve as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings into the planting holes 23, and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the liquid supply port according to a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5) a nutrient solution;
D. branch fixing: carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (2.5-3.5), wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium;
E. b, wiping a fork: performing branch wiping 20-40 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is characterized in that the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (0.2 to 0.4);
F. flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits 20-40 days after the branch is removed, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned;
G. and (3) recycling the culture medium: after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe 21 is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
And C, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nutrient solution in the step C is 1: 1: 1.
the clean organic matter in the step C is prepared by performing innocent treatment on crop straws and wastes in the breeding industry, the volume ratio of the crop straws to the wastes in the breeding industry is 1: 1-3: 7, the innocent treatment is to uniformly mix the crop straws and the wastes in the formula ratio and ferment the mixture at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 10-12 h, and the water content during the fermentation is controlled at 35-40%; and after fermentation is finished, preserving heat for more than 2 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃, and then naturally cooling to obtain the clean organic matter of the target object.
D, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements in the step D is 1:2: 3.
and D, the mass ratio of boron, zinc and magnesium in the step D is 1:2: 5.
And D, the mass percentage of the trace elements in the compound fertilizer containing the trace elements in the step D is 0.5-1.0%.
And E, the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium compound fertilizer in the step E is 1:2: 0.3.
and D, pruning the ginseng fruit seedlings to obtain 5-7 branches of ginseng fruit seedlings.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
comparative example: the detection result of ginseng fruits purchased in the market is shown in figure 6; wherein the content of vitamin C is 43.8 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated as reducing sugar) was 7.98%.
Example 1
Selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place; erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe 21 as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings into the planting holes 23, and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from a liquid supply port according to a mass ratio of 1: 1:1 with a nutrient solution; carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is 1:2: 3, wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium; wherein, the mass percentages of boron, zinc and magnesium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements are 1 per mill, 2 per mill and 5 per mill respectively; performing branch wiping 30 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium composite liquid fertilizer is 1:2: 0.3; thinning flowers and fruits 30 days after the branch is removed, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned; after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe 21 is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
The content of vitamin C in the high-quality ginseng fruit is 67.8 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated as reducing sugar) is 10.23%.
Example 2
Selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place; erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe 21 as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings in the planting holes 23, and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from a liquid supply port according to a mass ratio of 0.5: 1.5: 0.5 of nutrient solution; carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is 0.5: 1.5: 2.5, wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium; wherein, the mass percentages of boron, zinc and magnesium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements are respectively 0.5 per mill, 1 per mill and 4 per mill; performing branch wiping 20 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus potassium calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium composite liquid fertilizer is 0.5: 1.5: 0.2; thinning flowers and fruits 20 days after the branch is removed, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned; after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe 21 is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
The content of vitamin C in the high-quality ginseng fruit is 66.6 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated as reducing sugar) was 9.86%.
Example 3
Selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place; erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe 21 as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings into the planting holes 23, and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from a liquid supply port according to a mass ratio of 1.5: 1.5: 0.5 of nutrient solution; carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is 1.5: 2.5: 3.5, wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium; wherein the mass percentages of boron, zinc and magnesium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements are respectively 1.5 per mill, 2.5 per mill and 6 per mill; performing branch wiping 40 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus potassium calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium composite liquid fertilizer is 1.5: 2.5: 0.4; flower and fruit thinning is carried out 40 days after the branch is removed, and liquid potash fertilizer is injected into a liquid supply port after the flower and fruit thinning; after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe 21 is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with contour lines in east-west directions, and the soil is circularly improved.
In the embodiment, the content of vitamin C in the high-quality ginseng fruit is 69.1 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated as reducing sugar) was 11.05%.
Example 4
Selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place; erecting an organic ginseng fruit cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe 21 as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings in the planting holes 23, and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from a liquid supply port according to a mass ratio of 0.5: 1.5: 1.5 of a nutrient solution; carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a branch fixing liquid supply port; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is 1.2: 1.8: 3.3, wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium; wherein the mass percentages of boron, zinc and magnesium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements are respectively 1.2 per mill, 2.3 per mill and 5.5 per mill; performing branch wiping 20-40 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium composite liquid fertilizer is 0.8: 2.2: 0.35; thinning flowers and fruits 20-40 days after the branch is removed, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned; after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe 21 is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
In the embodiment, the content of vitamin C in the high-quality ginseng fruit is 68.3 mg/100 g; the total sugar (calculated as reducing sugar) was 9.97%.
Claims (8)
1. An organic ginseng fruit cultivation method capable of circularly improving soil is characterized by comprising the steps of land selection, cultivation frame erection, field planting, branch fixing, branch removing, flower thinning and fruit thinning and cultivation substrate recycling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting a region with east-west contour lines as a cultivation place;
B. erecting a ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame on a selected cultivation land; the ginseng fruit organic cultivation frame comprises a support frame (1) and planting pipes (2), wherein each planting pipe (2) comprises a lower planting pipe (21) and an upper planting pipe (22), each lower planting pipe (21) is of an upper opening sealing structure and is respectively provided with a liquid supply port and a liquid discharge port, each upper planting pipe (22) is of a lower opening structure, a plurality of planting holes (23) are formed in the top of each upper planting pipe at intervals, at least two fixing rings (3) with upper openings are arranged on the support frame (1) at intervals along the axial direction of each planting pipe (2), each lower planting pipe (21) is arranged in each fixing ring (3), each upper planting pipe (22) can be covered on each lower planting pipe (21) in an opening and closing mode, and each fixing ring (3) is detachably connected with a fastening ring (4) for pressing each upper planting pipe (22) downwards;
C. planting: adding clean organic matters into the lower planting pipe (21) as a culture medium, planting the ginseng fruit seedlings into the planting holes (23), and injecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the liquid supply port in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5) a nutrient solution;
D. branch fixing: carrying out branch fixing when the ginseng fruit seedlings grow to be 20-30 cm, and injecting a compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements into a liquid supply port after branch fixing; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing the trace elements is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (2.5-3.5), wherein the trace elements are boron, zinc and magnesium;
E. b, wiping a fork: performing branch wiping 20-40 days after branch fixing, and injecting phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer into a liquid supply port after branch wiping; the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is characterized in that the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus-potassium-calcium composite liquid fertilizer is (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2.5): (0.2-0.4);
F. flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits 20-40 days after the branch is removed, and injecting liquid potash fertilizer into a liquid supply port after the flowers and fruits are thinned;
G. and (3) recycling the culture medium: after the ginseng fruits are harvested, the culture medium in the planting pipe (21) is uniformly backfilled into soil of regions with east-west contour lines, and the soil is circularly improved.
2. The method for organically cultivating ginseng fruit capable of circularly improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nutrient solution in the step C is 1: 1: 1.
3. the method for organically cultivating ginseng fruits capable of circularly improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the clean organic matter in the step C is prepared by performing innocent treatment on crop straws and aquaculture wastes, the volume ratio of the crop straws to the aquaculture wastes is 1: 1-3: 7, the innocent treatment is to uniformly mix the crop straws and the aquaculture wastes in the formula ratio and ferment the mixture at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 10-12 h, and the water content during the fermentation is controlled to be 35-40%; and after fermentation is finished, preserving heat for more than 2 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃, and then naturally cooling to obtain the clean organic matter of the target object.
4. The method for organically cultivating ginseng fruit with circularly improved soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound liquid fertilizer containing trace elements in the step D is 1:2: 3.
5. the method for organically cultivating ginseng fruit with circularly improved soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of boron, zinc and magnesium in the step D is 1:2: 5.
6. The method for organically cultivating ginseng fruit with circularly improved soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the trace elements in the compound fertilizer containing the trace elements in the step D is 0.5-1.0%.
7. The method for organically cultivating ginseng fruit capable of circularly improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the phosphorus, potassium and calcium compound fertilizer in the step E is 1:2: 0.3.
8. the method for organically cultivating ginseng fruits capable of circularly improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the branch fixing in the step D is a ginseng fruit seedling with 5-7 branches obtained by pruning the ginseng fruit seedling.
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| CN103371043A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-30 | 王颖 | Greenhouse planting method for ginseng fruit |
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