CN115038734A - 多氮丙啶化合物 - Google Patents
多氮丙啶化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115038734A CN115038734A CN202180010701.1A CN202180010701A CN115038734A CN 115038734 A CN115038734 A CN 115038734A CN 202180010701 A CN202180010701 A CN 202180010701A CN 115038734 A CN115038734 A CN 115038734A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
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- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 87
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical group N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 and r' ═ H Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
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- YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCOCC1CO1 YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BBBUAWSVILPJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylhexoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COCC1CO1 BBBUAWSVILPJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 7
- QQWAKSKPSOFJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 QQWAKSKPSOFJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- OEOQTSUNXODXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[3-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)propanoyloxy]-2-[3-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)propanoyloxymethyl]butyl] 3-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)propanoate Chemical compound C1C(C)N1CCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCN1C(C1)C)(CC)COC(=O)CCN1CC1C OEOQTSUNXODXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229940040511 liver extract Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LDVROEIBMDJIFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1(CC1)CC(COCCCC)O Chemical compound N1(CC1)CC(COCCCC)O LDVROEIBMDJIFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
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- AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KAPCRJOPWXUMSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-bis[3-(aziridin-1-yl)propanoyloxymethyl]-3-hydroxypropyl] 3-(aziridin-1-yl)propanoate Chemical compound C1CN1CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCN1CC1)(CO)COC(=O)CCN1CC1 KAPCRJOPWXUMSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多氮丙啶化合物,其具有:a)2至6个以下结构单元(A),其中,R’、R”如本文所定义,m是1到6的整数;b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接结构单元A中的两个;和c)840道尔顿至5000道尔顿的分子量。该多氮丙啶化合物可用于例如交联例如溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物。
Description
本发明涉及具有至少两个氮丙啶基的化合物,其可用于例如溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物的交联。
多年来,对具有改进的耐污性和耐溶剂性、改进的机械性能和改进的粘合强度的涂料的需求越来越多。这些性能中的一种或多种可以通过交联提高到更高的水平。多年来已经研究了许多交联机制,对于水性分散体,最有用的包括羟基官能分散体的异氰酸酯交联、碳二亚胺和羧酸之间的反应、环氧交联和使用氮丙啶基交联剂的交联。
US-A-5133997描述了包含线性脂族聚氨酯树脂的水分散体、阴离子表面活性剂和能够促进所述树脂固化的交联剂的涂料组合物。三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),CAS号64265-57-2,是一种多官能氮丙啶交联剂,用作交联剂,它是众所周知的,对羧酸官能聚合物的交联非常活跃。然而,这种交联剂具有不利的遗传毒性特征。US-A-2015118501涉及包含水性聚合物分散体和交联剂例如氮丙啶交联剂的防雾涂料组合物;在制备实施例4中,通过乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和2-甲基氮丙啶的迈克尔加成制备多官能氮丙啶交联剂。US-A-3763132涉及可固化组合物,其包含含羧基的聚合物和氮丙啶,例如可用作涂料应用的丙烯亚胺和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的加合物。工业中需要改进粘合剂、油墨和涂料以及用于制备粘合剂、油墨和涂料的物质的安全、健康和环境特征。遗传毒性描述了化学或物理试剂导致的任何类型DNA损伤的特性,所述DNA损伤可能并不总是导致可传播的突变。诱变性是指诱导永久性可传播DNA变化(如DNA组成或染色体结构),这些变化保留在体细胞分裂中并传递给生殖细胞的后代。不得将遗传毒性与诱变性混淆。所有诱变剂都具有遗传毒性,但并非所有遗传毒性物质都具有诱变性。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有至少两个氮丙啶基的化合物,其与三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)相比具有降低的遗传毒性并且具有良好的交联效率。具有至少两个氮丙啶基的化合物在本文中进一步称为多氮丙啶化合物。
这一目的令人惊讶地通过提供多氮丙啶化合物实现,所述多氮丙啶化合物具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1到6的整数;且
R’和R”根据(1)或(2):
(1)R’=H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,且R”=H、含1-14个碳原子的脂族烃基、含5-12个碳原子的脂环族烃基、含6-12个碳原子的芳族基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,R””是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基或含有6至12个碳原子的芳族烃基,n为1至35,R””’独立地为H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,并且R”””为含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基,且
其中R’或R”不是H;
(2)R’和R”一起形成含有5至8个碳原子的饱和脂环族烃基;
b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接结构单元A中的两个;和
c)840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量。
令人惊讶地发现,与三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)相比,本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有降低的遗传毒性。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物仅显示出弱阳性诱导的遗传毒性,或者甚至它们不显示遗传毒性,即它们显示出与天然存在的背景相当的遗传毒性水平。
可以通过测定法(Toxys,Leiden,荷兰)测量遗传毒性。测定法可用于纯物质或用于组合物,所述组合物是在制备本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中获得的直接产物的组合物。阳性诱导遗传毒性是指,在不存在或存在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物的情况下,生物标志物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平等于或高于10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中至少之一处的2倍。弱阳性诱导遗传毒性是指,在不存在或存在基于大鼠S9肝脏提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,生物标志物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平为10、25和50%细胞毒性中的至少之一处的高于1.5倍且低于2倍(但在10、25和50%细胞毒性处低于2倍)。与天然存在的背景相当的遗传毒性意味着,在不存在或存在基于大鼠S9肝脏提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,生物标志物Bscl2-GFP和Rtkn-GFP的诱导水平小于或等于在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性初的1.5倍。在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,显示的诱导水平小于或等于10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处的1.5倍的物质不是遗传毒性的。
交联剂的交联效率可以通过评估如下所述定义和确定的耐化学性来评估。
对于本文给定的任何范围的所有上边界和/或下边界,除非另外特别指明,否则边界值包括在所述给定的范围内。因此,当说从x至y时,是指包括x和y以及还有所有中间值。
在本说明书中,术语“涂料组合物”包括油漆、涂料、清漆、粘合剂和油墨组合物,但不限于该列举。“脂族烃基”是指任选支化的烷基、烯基和炔基。术语“脂环族烃基”是指任选被至少一个脂族烃基取代的环烷基和环烯基。术语“芳族烃基”是指任选被至少一个脂族烃基取代的苯环。这些任选的脂族烃基取代基优选为烷基。具有7个碳原子的脂环族烃基的实例为环庚基和甲基取代的环己基。具有7个碳原子的芳烃基团的实例为甲基取代的苯基。具有8个碳原子的芳烃基团的实例为二甲苯基和乙基取代的苯基。
尽管存在于本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中的结构单元(A)可以独立地具有不同的R’、R”和/或m,但存在于多氮丙啶化合物中的结构单元(A)氮丙啶化合物优选彼此相同。
本发明的多氮丙啶化合物通常以组合物形式获得,在该组合物中,除了多氮丙啶化合物之外,可能存在剩余的起始原料、副产物和/或在制备多氮丙啶化合物中的溶剂。该组合物可以仅包含一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物,但也可以包含多于一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物。当使用多异氰酸酯的混合物作为起始材料时,可以例如获得多氮丙啶化合物的混合物。
根据本发明的氨基甲酸酯氮丙啶化合物含有2至6个结构单元(A),优选2至4个结构单元(A),更优选2或3个结构单元(A)。m为1至6的整数,优选m为1至4,更优选m为1或2,最优选m为1。
优选地,R’和R”根据(1)或(2):
(1)R’=H或含有1至14个碳原子,优选1至4个碳原子更优选1至2个碳原子的烷基,且
R”=H、含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的烷基,优选含有3至12个碳原子的烷基原子的烷基,更优选含有3至12个碳原子的支化烷基,例如新戊基或新癸基,最优选R”’是支化C9烷基,且R””是含有1至14个碳原子的烷基,例如乙基、丁基、2-乙基己基,n为1至35,优选n为6至20,R””’独立地为H或甲基,且R”””是含有1至4个碳原子的烷基,并且
其中R’或R”不是H;
(2)R’和R”形成含有5至8个碳原子的饱和脂环族烃基的一部分。
更优选地,R’=H并且R”=含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基、含有5至12个碳原子的脂环族烃基、含有6至12个碳原子的芳香族烃基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’,CH2-O-R””,或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,R””是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基或含有6至12个碳原子的芳族烃基,n为1至35,R””’独立地为H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,并且R”””为含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基。更优选地,R’是H并且R”=含有1至4个碳原子的烷基,CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’,CH2-O-R””,或CH2-(OCH2CH2)n-OCH3,其中R””是含有3-12个碳原子的烷基,R””是含有1-14个碳原子的烷基。更优选地,R’是H并且R”=含有1至4个碳原子的烷基,CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’,CH2-O-R””,或CH2-(OCH2CH2)n-OCH3其中R”’优选为含有3至12个碳原子的烷基,更优选为具有3至12个碳原子的支化烷基,例如新戊基或新癸基。最优选地,R”’是支化C9烷基。R””优选为含有2至14个碳原子的烷基。R””的非限制性例子是丁基和2-乙基己基。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量为840至5000道尔顿。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量优选为至多3800道尔顿,更优选至多3600道尔顿,更优选至多3000道尔顿,更优选至多1600道尔顿,甚至更优选至多1400道尔顿。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量优选为至少890道尔顿,更优选至少940道尔顿,最优选至少1000道尔顿。如本文所用,多氮丙啶化合物的分子量是计算的分子量。计算的分子量是通过将多氮丙啶化合物的结构式中存在的所有原子的原子质量相加而获得的。如果多氮丙啶化合物存在于包含多于一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的组合物中,例如当制备多氮丙啶化合物的一种或多种起始材料是混合物时,分子量计算可以对单独存在于组合物中的每种化合物进行测试。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量可以使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测量,如下文实验部分所述。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个连接结构单元A中的两个。存在于多氮丙啶化合物中的链接链优选由4至300个原子,更优选5至250个原子,更优选6至100个原子,最优选6至20个原子组成。链接链的原子优选为C且任选为N、O、S和/或P,优选地C和任选地N和/或O。链接链优选为共价连接的原子集合,该原子集合组成为i)碳原子,ii)碳和氮原子,或iii)碳、氧和氮原子。
链接链定义为链接两个结构单元A的连续原子的最短链。对于根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的实例,下图示出两个结构单元A之间的链接链。
本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的任何两个结构单元A通过如本文定义的链接链来链接。因此,本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的每个结构单元A通过如本文定义的链接链与每个其他结构单元A链接。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有两个结构单元A的情况下,多氮丙啶化合物具有一个这样的链接链,链接这两个结构单元。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有三个结构单元A的情况下,多氮丙啶化合物具有三个链接链,其中三个链接链中的每一个链接一个结构单元A与另一个结构单元A,即第一结构单元A通过连接链与第二结构单元A链接,并且第一和第二结构单元A均通过它们各自的链接链独立地与第三结构单元A链接。
下图示出具有三个结构单元A(三个链接链)的多氮丙啶化合物的实例,其中三个链接链中的每一个链接两个结构单元A。
具有多于两个结构单元A的根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有根据以下等式的多个链接链:
LC={(AN-1)xAN)}/2,其中LC=链接链的数量和AN=多氮丙啶化合物中结构单元A的数量。所以例如如果多氮丙啶化合物中有5个结构单元A,则AN=5;这意味着有{(5-1)x5}/2=10个链接链。
优选地,结构单元A中的氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子与存在于链接链中的下一个N原子或另一个结构单元A中氨基甲酸酯基团的N原子之间的连续C原子和任选的O原子的数目最多为9个,如以下本发明的多氮丙啶化合物所示。
多氮丙啶化合物优选包含一个或多个连接基团,其中每个连接基团连接两个结构单元A,并且其中每个连接基团包括至少一种选自下的官能团:脂族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团及其任意组合。更优选地,连接基团是一系列连续的官能团,其中每个官能团选自脂族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团。
下图示出根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物实例的连接基团。在该实施例中,连接两个结构单元A的连接基团由以下连续官能团组组成:脂族烃官能团1(线性C6H12)、异氰脲酸酯官能团2(环状C3N3O3)和脂族烃官能团3(线性C6H12)。
下图以粗体显示了本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的以下实例的连接基团。在这个实例中,连接两个结构单元A的连接基团是以下连续官能团的组:脂族烃官能团1(线性C6H12)、异氰脲酸酯2(环状C3N3O3)和脂族烃官能团3(线性C6H12)。
本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的任意两个结构单元A优选通过连接基团连接,该连接基团如本文所定义。因此,本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的每个结构单元A优选通过连接基团与每个其他结构单元A连接,该连接基团如本发明中所定义。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有两个结构单元A的情况下,多氮丙啶化合物具有一个这样的连接基团来连接这两个结构单元。在根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物具有三个结构单元A的情况下,多氮丙啶化合物具有三个这样的连接基团,其中三个连接基团中的每一个连接一个结构单元A与另一个结构单元A。
下图示出例如具有三个结构单元A(三个连接基团)的多氮丙啶化合物的实例,其中三个连接基团中的每一个连接两个结构单元A。一个连接基团由以下连续官能团的组组成:脂族烃官能团1(线性C6H12)、异氰脲酸酯2(环状C3N3O3)和脂族烃官能团3(线性C6H12),来连接标记为A1和A2的结构单元A。对于标记为A1和A3的结构单元A之间的连接,连接基团由以下连续官能团的组组成:脂族烃官能团1(线性C6H12)、异氰脲酸酯2(环状C3N3O3)和脂族烃官能团4(线性C6H12),而对于标记为A2和A3的结构单元A之间的连接,连接基团由以下连续官能团的组组成:脂族烃官能团3(线性C6H12)、异氰脲酸酯2(环状C3N3O3)和脂族烃官能团4(线性C6H12)。
优选地,连接基团包括至少一种选自脂族烃官能团(优选含有1至8个碳原子)、脂环族烃官能团的官能团(优选含有4至10个碳原子)、芳族烃官能团(优选含有6至12个碳原子)、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团及其任意组合。连接基团优选包含异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团或脲二酮官能团。更优选地,连接基团包含异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团。为了清楚起见,多氮丙啶化合物可以由一种或多种合适的化合物B和杂化异氰脲酸酯例如HDI/IPDI异氰脲酸酯的反应产物获得,得到具有连接基团的多氮丙啶化合物,所述连接基团由连续官能团的阵列组成:线性C6H12(即具有6个碳原子的脂族烃官能团)、异氰脲酸酯官能团(环状C3N3O3)和
(即具有9个碳原子的脂环族烃官能团和具有1个碳原子的脂族烃官能团)。
术语“脂族烃官能团”是指任选支化的烷基、烯基和炔基。虽然C原子的任选分支是连接基团的一部分,但它们不是链接链的一部分。术语“脂环族烃官能团”是指任选被至少一个脂族烃基取代的环烷基和环烯基。虽然任选的脂族烃基取代基是连接基团的一部分,但它们不是链接链的一部分。任选的脂族烃基取代基优选为烷基。术语“芳族官能团”是指任选被至少一个脂族烃基取代的苯环。任选的脂族烃基取代基优选为烷基。虽然任选的脂族烃基取代基是连接基团的一部分,但它们不是链接链的一部分。
在连接基团上,一个或多个取代基可以作为连接基团上的侧基存在,例如在以下多氮丙啶化合物中以粗体显示。这些侧基不属于连接基团。
侧基优选包含其中X、R7、R8、n’和R10如下所述。在本发明的一个实施方案中,多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接结构单元A中的两个,其中连接基团组成为(i)至少两个脂族烃官能团或在至少两个脂环族烃官能团和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,并且其中侧基存在于连接基团上,其中侧基具有以下结构式:
n’是重复单元的数目并且是1至50、优选2至30、更优选5至20的整数。
X是O或NH,优选X是O,
R7和R8在每个重复单元中独立地为H或CH3,
R9是脂族烃基,优选含有1至8个碳原子,或脂环族烃基,优选含有4至10个碳原子,且
R10含有至多20个碳原子并且是脂族、脂环族或芳族烃基或其组合。在一个优选的实施方案中,R7和R8之一是H并且另一个R7或R8是CH3。在另一个更优选的实施方案中,R7和R8是H。R10优选是含有1至20个碳原子的脂族烃基(优选CH3)、含有5至20个碳原子的脂环族烃基或芳族含6至20个碳原子的烃基。侧基的存在导致多氮丙啶化合物的粘度降低,因此更容易与要交联的聚合物混溶。在该实施方案中,多氮丙啶化合物优选包含2个结构单元A。在该实施方案中,连接基团优选由以下连续官能团的组组成:第一环脂族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,以及第二脂环族烃官能团,并且R9是脂环族烃基团,其中第一脂环族烃官能团和第二脂环族烃官能团与R9相同,更优选连接基团由以下连续官能团组组成:第一脂族烃官能团,异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,和第二脂族烃官能团,并且R9是脂族烃基,其中第一脂环族烃官能团和第二脂族烃官能团与R9相同。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团和/或聚氧丙烯(-O-CHCH3-CH2-)x基团,所述基团量相对于多氮丙啶化合物的量优选地为至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%,优选小于45重量%,更优选小于25重量%和最优选小于16重量%。优选地,多氮丙啶化合物含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团,相对于多氮丙啶化合物的含量优选为至少0.1重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%,优选小于45重量%,更优选小于25重量%,最优选小于16重量%。含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团的多氮丙啶化合物优选是至少化合物(B)、多异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇))(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)的反应产物。该反应产物可以通过使至少化合物B与异氰酸酯和烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应得到,化合物B具有以下结构式:
其中R’和R”如上所定义。反应产物也可以通过使多异氰酸酯与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应并使由此获得的化合物与化合物(B)反应来获得。反应产物也可以通过使化合物B与多异氰酸酯反应并且使如此获得的化合物与烷氧基聚(乙二醇)和/或聚(乙二醇)反应来获得。在如上定义的多氮丙啶化合物中,平均分子量高于2200道尔顿,优选平均分子量高于1600道尔顿的烷氧基聚(乙二醇)(优选甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG))和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的量优选小于35重量%,更优选小于15重量%,更优选小于5重量%,最优选0重量%。存在于多氮丙啶化合物中的甲氧基聚(乙二醇)(MPEG)和/或聚(乙二醇)(PEG)链的平均分子量优选低于1100道尔顿,更优选低于770道尔顿,最优选低于570道尔顿。平均分子量通过多元醇的OH官能度乘以多元醇的当量来确定。多元醇的OH官能度由多元醇的供应商给出。在多元醇为二醇的情况下,OH官能度为2。多元醇的当量重量通过用56100除以多元醇的OH数来计算。多元醇的OH值通过根据ISO 14900(2017)滴定已知质量的多元醇来测量,并表示为mg KOH/g多元醇。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的连接基团由以下官能团组成:(i)至少一种脂族烃官能团和/或至少一种脂环族烃官能团和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团或脲基甲酸酯官能团或脲二酮官能团和(iii)任选地至少一种芳族官能团。优选地,本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中存在的连接基团由以下官能团组成:(i)至少一种脂族烃官能团和/或至少一种脂环族烃官能团和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和(iii)任选地至少一种芳族官能团。获得这种多氮丙啶化合物的一种非常合适的方法是使化合物B与具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯化合物反应,化合物B具有以下结构式:
术语“具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯”旨在表示所有异氰酸酯基团直接与脂族或脂环族烃基键合的化合物,而不管是否还存在芳族烃基。具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯可以是具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯的混合物。与基于具有芳族反应性的多异氰酸酯的类似化合物相比,基于具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯的化合物随着时间的推移具有降低的泛黄趋势。术语“具有芳族反应性的多异氰酸酯”旨在表示其中所有异氰酸酯基团直接键合至苯或萘基团的化合物,无论是否还存在脂族或脂环族基团。优选的具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI(所有异构体)和更高分子量的变体,例如它们的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。更优选的具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。在该实施方案中,优选连接基团由以下连续官能团组成:脂族烃官能团、芳族烃官能团和脂族烃官能团(例如当使用TMXDI制备多氮丙啶化合物时),或连接基团由以下连续官能团组:脂环族烃官能团、脂族烃官能团和环脂族烃官能团(例如当使用H12MDI制备多氮丙啶化合物时),或更优选地,连接基团由以下连续官能团组组成:脂族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和脂族烃官能团。最优选地,在该实施方案中,连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:脂族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团和脂族烃官能团(例如当使用1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯和/或1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯用于制备多氮丙啶化合物时)。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选包含至少5重量%,更优选至少5.5重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少9重量%,更优选至少12重量%,并且优选小于25重量%,优选小于20重量%的氨基甲酸酯键。根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选地具有的氮丙啶当量重量(多氮丙啶化合物的分子量除以存在于多氮丙啶化合物中的氮丙啶基的数目)为至少250道尔顿,更优选至少280道尔顿,甚至更优选至少320道尔顿,优选在最多2500道尔顿,更优选最多1000道尔顿,甚至更优选最多500道尔顿。
如果需要,多氮丙啶化合物可以用胺,优选0.1至5重量%,更优选0.1至2.5重量%,最优选0.1至1重量%的仲胺或叔胺来稳定。优选的胺包括氨、二甲基乙醇胺、二异丙胺、异丙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、N,N二甲基异丙醇胺、3-二甲氨基-1-丙醇、2-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基}乙醇、N-乙基吗啉、二甲基苄胺和三乙胺。或者,可以使用碱金属氢氧化物,例如NaOH、LiOH、KOH,以及胺与碱金属氢氧化物的组合。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选通过至少一种多异氰酸酯和具有以下结构式的化合物B反应获得:
其中R’、R”和m及其优选定义如上,其中化合物B与多异氰酸酯的摩尔比为2至6,更优选2.1至5,最优选2.4至3。最优选m=1。多异氰酸酯与化合物B的反应可以通过使等量的多异氰酸酯与化合物B,在例如锡催化剂例如二月桂酸二丁基锡或铋催化剂例如新癸酸铋的存在下,在0至110℃、更合适20至110℃、更合适40℃至95℃,甚至更适合60至85℃的温度范围内接触来进行。可以使用溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺DMF、丙酮和/或甲基乙基甲酮。多异氰酸酯含有至少2个异氰酸酯基团,优选平均至少2.5个异氰酸酯基团,更优选平均至少2.8个异氰酸酯基团。多异氰酸酯的混合物也可以用作原料。优选的多异氰酸酯是具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯。术语“具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯”旨在表示其中所有异氰酸酯基团直接与脂族或脂环族烃基键合的化合物,而不管是否还存在芳族烃基。具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯可以是具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯的混合物。优选的具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、对四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(p-TMXDI)及其间位异构体,以及更高分子量的变体,例如它们的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮或脲基甲酸酯或脲二酮。更优选的具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯PDI、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯H12MDI、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯TMXDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。甚至更优选的具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯是1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、IPDI的异氰脲酸酯或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮。合适的含有HDI的亚氨基噁二嗪二酮三聚体是N3900,可从Covestro获得。一种合适的含有HDI的脲基甲酸酯是XP2860,可从Covestro获得。合适的含有HDI的脲二酮是N3400,可从Covestro获得。合适的基于HDI的异氰脲酸酯三聚体可以例如从Covestro(N3600)、Vencorex(TolonateTM HDT LV)、Asahi Kasei(DuranateTMTPA-100)、Evonik(HT2500/LV)和Tosoh(HXRLV)得到。制备化合物(B)和衍生物的方法是本领域已知的。例如,A.Baklien,M.V.Leeding,J.KolmAust.J.Chem.1968,21,1557-1570描述了1-(氮丙啶-1-基)丙-2-醇的合成。
化合物B优选通过使至少一种非OH官能的单环氧化物化合物与乙烯亚胺反应而获得。非OH官能的单环氧化物可以是不同的非OH官能的单环氧化物的混合物。非OH官能单环氧化物的非限制性实例是环氧丙烷、2-乙基环氧乙烷、正丁基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、4-叔丁基苯基2,3-环氧丙基醚(=叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚)、甲酚缩水甘油醚(邻位或对位)和新癸酸缩水甘油酯。非OH官能单环氧化物优选选自环氧丙烷(CAS号75-56-9)、2-乙基环氧乙烷(CAS号106-88-7)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(CAS号2426-08-6)、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(CAS号2461-15-6)、新癸酸缩水甘油酯(CAS号26761-45-5)及其任何混合物。更优选地,非OH官能单环氧化物选自环氧丙烷(CAS号75-56-9)、2-乙基环氧乙烷(CAS号106-88-7)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(CAS号2426-08-6)、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚(CAS号2461-15-6)、新癸酸缩水甘油酯(CAS号26761-45-5)及其任何混合物。最优选地,非OH官能单环氧化物化合物选自正丁基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、新癸酸缩水甘油酯及其任何混合物。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选以包括至少以下步骤(i)和(ii)的方法获得:
(i)使乙烯亚胺与至少一种非OH官能的单环氧化物化合物反应以获得化合物B,和
(ii)使化合物B与多异氰酸酯反应。
步骤(i)可以例如通过使1当量的环氧化物与1当量的氮丙啶在大气压下在-10℃至60℃、更合适-5℃至50℃,更适合0至40℃的温度下接触来进行。步骤(i)中获得的加合物(化合物(B))与多异氰酸酯的反应(步骤(ii))可以例如通过使等量的多异氰酸酯与加合物在大气压下在20℃至110℃,更合适的是40℃至95℃的温度下,在例如二月桂酸二丁基锡等锡催化剂的存在下接触来进行。
根据本发明的优选多氮丙啶化合物的实例是
本发明的另一方面是一种交联剂组合物,其包含至少一种如上定义的多氮丙啶化合物并且还包含至少一种附加组分,例如用于制备所述化合物的剩余起始材料、副产物和/或溶剂本发明的多氮丙啶化合物。交联剂组合物可以仅包含一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物,但也可以包含多于一种根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物。例如,当使用多异氰酸酯的混合物作为制备多氮丙啶的原料时,可获得多氮丙啶化合物的混合物。得到本发明的多氮丙啶化合物后,可以分离本发明的多氮丙啶化合物,反应产物无需进一步纯化而使用,或用于制备多氮丙啶的溶剂可以从制备本发明的多氮丙啶化合物中获得的组合物中除去。相对于组合物的总量,交联剂组合物中本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的量通常为至少10重量%,通常为至少15重量%,最通常为至少25重量%。相对于组合物的总量,交联剂组合物中本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的量优选为至少60重量%,更优选至少80重量%,最优选至少99重量%。交联剂组合物中多氮丙啶化合物的分子量在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿的范围内。优选的分子量如上所述,多氮丙啶化合物的分子量使用MALDI-TOF-MS测定,如下文实验部分所述。MALDI-TOF-MS是指基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱。
存在于根据本发明的交联剂组合物中的其分子量低于250道尔顿,更优选低于350道尔顿,甚至更优选低于450道尔顿,甚至更优选低于550道尔顿,甚至更优选低于820道尔顿的氮丙啶官能分子相对于交联剂组合物的总重量的量优选低于1.5重量%,更优选低于1重量%,更优选低于0.5重量%,最优选低于0.1重量%,其中分子量使用LC-MS测定,如下文实验部分所述。
交联剂组合物中每个含氮丙啶基分子的具有结构式(C)的氮丙啶基的平均数量优选为至少1.8,更优选至少2,更优选至少2.2,且优选小于10,更优选小于6,且最优选小于4,
最优选地,组合物中每个含氮丙啶基分子的具有结构式(C)的氮丙啶基的平均数量为2.2至3。计算的氨基甲酸酯键的平均量相对于存在于交联剂组合物中的根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的总重量为至少5重量%,更优选至少5.5重量%,更优选至少6重量%,更优选至少9重量%,更优选至少12重量%,并且优选小于25重量%,优选小于20重量%的氨基甲酸酯键。
鉴于根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的潜在水敏感性,交联剂组合物优选不含大量水,更优选不含水。不含大量水是指小于15重量%,优选小于5重量%,更优选小于1重量%,最优选小于0.1重量%。鉴于根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的潜在水敏感性,水优选不是故意添加到组合物中(即少量水可以存在于用于制备根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物的化合物中)。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物优选在25℃下具有的布氏粘度为至少10000mPa.s,更优选至少20000mPa.s,更优选至少50000mPa.s并且优选至多1000000mPa.s,更优选至多500000mPa.s,甚至更优选在25℃下最多200000mPa.s。如本文所用,布氏粘度是根据ISO2555-89测定的。在一个替代实施方案中,多氮丙啶的粘度是用带有转子S63的Brookfield在25℃下在80%固体于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶液中测量。根据该方法测量的粘度优选在300至20000mPas的范围内,更优选在500至12000mPas的范围内,最优选在700至3000mPas的范围内。
根据本发明的多氮丙啶化合物或包含至少一种如上定义的多氮丙啶化合物的交联剂组合物可有利地用作交联剂,用于交联溶解和/或分散、优选分散在水溶液中的羧酸官能聚合物。
本发明的另一方面是双组分涂料体系,其包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和第二组分彼此分开且不同,其中第一组分包含溶解和/或分散在、优选分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,并且其中第二组分包含如上定义的多氮丙啶化合物或其中第二组分是如上定义的交联剂组合物,其中第一和第二组分分开储存,原因在于交联剂与待交联聚合物的交联反应可能在交联剂与待交联聚合物的水性组合物混合之后立即开始。就在涂布涂料组合物之前,将双组分体系的第一组分和第二组分混合以获得包含氮丙啶基基团Q和羧酸基团的涂料组合物。第一组分在与第二组分混合之前,第一组分的pH优选至少为7,更优选至少为7.5,甚至更优选至少为8,甚至更优选至少为8.5。
存在于双组分涂料体系的第一组分中的羧酸官能聚合物含有羧酸基团和/或羧酸酯基团,其优选不含阻止这些基团与多氮丙啶化合物中存在的氮丙啶部分化学反应的共价键。如本文所用,羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸基团的量为待交联聚合物即羧酸官能聚合物中存在的去质子化和质子化羧酸基团的总量。因此,存在于羧酸官能聚合物中的羧酸基团的量为存在于羧酸官能聚合物中的羧酸酯基团和羧酸基团的总量。待交联的聚合物优选包含至少部分被碱中和的羧酸根基团。优选地,至少部分碱为挥发性碱。优选地,待交联的羧酸官能聚合物中存在的羧酸基团的至少一部分进行去质子化以获得羧酸根基团。通过用碱中和羧酸官能聚合物来实现去质子化。合适的碱的例子为氨、仲胺、叔胺、LiOH、NaOH和/或KOH。上文描述了仲胺和叔胺的实例。优选的碱为叔胺。优选的叔胺如上所述。最优选的为三乙胺。
交联的羧酸官能聚合物的非限制性实例为乙烯基聚合物如苯乙烯-丙烯酸类、(甲基)丙烯酸类共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯(共)聚合物如乙酸乙烯酯氯乙烯乙烯聚合物、聚氨酯、缩聚物如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯和任何这些聚合物的杂化物,其中两种聚合物中的至少一种具有羧酸官能团。羧酸官能聚合物优选选自聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、乙烯基聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚氨酯、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-丙烯酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚脲及其混合物。优选地,乙烯基聚合物是指包含苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯的反应残基的聚合物。在本发明的一个实施方式中,优选的可交联羧酸官能聚合物选自乙烯基聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(丙烯酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)及其混合物。在另一个实施方式中,羧酸官能聚合物选自聚氨酯、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸酯-共-丙烯酸酯-共-甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚脲及其混合物。本发明还涉及一种涂料组合物,其通过在即将施涂涂料组合物之前混合双组分涂料体系的第一组分和第二组分而获得,其中涂料组合物包含氮丙啶基团Q和羧酸基团,氮丙啶基团Q和羧酸基团的量为羧酸基上的氮丙啶基Q的化学计量量(stoichiometricamount,SA)优选为0.1至2.0,更优选为0.2至1.5,进一步优选为0.25至0.95,最优选为0.3至0.8。涂料组合物的pH优选至少7.5,更优选至少8,更优选至少8.5,甚至更优选至少9。
本发明还涉及具有涂层的基材,所述涂层通过(i)将如上所述的涂料组合物施加到基材和(ii)通过挥发物的蒸发而干燥该涂料组合物而获得。涂料组合物的干燥优选在低于160℃的温度下进行,优选在低于90℃的温度下进行,更优选在低于50℃的温度下进行,最优选在环境温度下进行。本发明的涂料组合物可以施用于任何种类的基材,例如木材、皮革、混凝土、纺织品、塑料、乙烯基地板、玻璃、金属、陶瓷、纸、木塑复合材料、玻璃纤维增强材料。基材上的干涂层的厚度优选为1-200微米,更优选5-150微米,最优选15-90微米。在涂料组合物为油墨组合物的情况下,干油墨的厚度优选为0.005至35微米,更优选0.05至25微米,最优选4至15微米。
现在通过参考以下实施例来说明本发明。除非另有说明,所有份数、百分比和比率均以重量计。
AV测定
根据标准ASTM D1639-90(1996)e1测定样品的固体物质酸值(acid value,AV)。在该过程中,溶解在良溶剂中的样品用已知浓度(KOH)的氢氧化钾醇溶液进行滴定。样品和空白之间的滴定体积差异为固体酸值的量度,根据以下公式:AV=[(V空白–V样品)*NKOH*56.1]/(W*S/100),其中AV为固体酸值,单位为mg KOH/g固体材料,V空白为空白中使用的KOH溶液的体积,V样品为样品中使用的KOH溶液的体积,NKOH为KOH溶液的当量浓度,W为样品重量,单位为克,S为以%计的样品的固体含量。在Metrohm 702SM Titrino滴定仪上使用电位终点重复测量两次(如果两次结果之间的差异<0.1毫克KOH/g固体材料,则接受测量)。
耐化学性
基于标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的耐化学性测试。
除非另有说明,否则耐化学性测试如下:
与羧酸官能团相比,涂料组合物由0.9化学计量(SA)的总羧酸反应性官能团(例如氮丙啶)组成。如实施例中所述处理涂料组合物,然后使用线棒涂敷器以100μm湿层厚度浇铸。浇注后,膜在25℃下干燥1小时,然后在50℃下退火16小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的乙醇:软化水(按重量计)中并放置在膜上60分钟(另有说明的除外)。去除脱脂棉并恢复过夜,之后,根据以下等级对斑点进行评分:
1 涂层完全降解;
2 涂层结构损坏;
3 涂层上的严重标记,从多个方向可见;
4 涂层上的轻微标记,从特定角度可见;
5 没有观察到标记或光泽变化。
粘度测量:
表观粘度根据ISO 2555:2018确定。测量在23℃下在Brookfield DVE-LV粘度计(单缸几何形状)上以60rpm进行。从S62、S63或S64中选择转子,使用产生10%和100%扭矩读数的最小编号转子(即最大转子)。
LC-MS的低分子量级分
LC系统:Agilent 1290 Infinity II;检测器#1:Agilent 1290 Infinity IIPDA;检测器#2:Agilent iFunnel 6550 Q-TOF-MS。
使用以下程序对低分子量级分进行LC-MS分析。在甲醇中按重量法制备~100mg/kg物质的溶液并搅拌。将0.5μl该溶液注入配备ESI-TOF-MS检测器的UPLC中。使用的色谱柱为100x2.1mm、1.8um、Waters HSS T3 C18,在40℃下操作。流速为0.5ml.min-1。使用的溶剂为用NH3设定为pH 9.0的10m MNH4CH3COO水溶液(洗脱液A)、乙腈(B)和THF(C)。在10分钟内从80/20A/B到1/99A/B和在5分钟内从1/99A/B到1/49/50A/B/C应用两个二元梯度,之后应用开始条件(80/20A/B)。假设所有组分在所有响应范围内都有线性的MS响应,并且所有组分的电离效率相同,则对总离子电流信号进行积分。在共洗脱的情况下,对该特定物种的提取离子色谱图进行积分。将特定低分子量峰的积分信号除以总积分样品信号得到该低分子量物质的分数。
MALDI-ToF-MS
所有MALDI-ToF-MS光谱均使用Bruker Ultraflextreme MALDI-ToF质谱仪获得。该仪器配备有发射波长为1064nm的Nd:YAG激光和碰撞池(不用于这些样品)。使用反射器在正离子模式下采集光谱,使用提供准确质量的最高分辨率模式(范围60-7000m/z)。使用三碘化铯(范围0.3-3.5kDa)进行质量校准(校准方法:IAV Molecular Characterization,代码MC-MS-05)。激光能量为20%。将样品以大约50mg/mL的浓度溶解在THF中。使用的基质为:DCTB(反式-2-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-2-甲基-2-亚丙烯基]丙二腈),CAS号300364-84-5。通过将20mg溶解在1mL THF中制备基质溶液。
碘化钠用作盐(NaI,CAS号7681-82-5);将10mg溶解在1ml THF中并加入1滴MeOH。样品:基质:盐的比例=10:200:10(μl),混合后,在MALDI板上点样0.5μL并使其风干。在MALDI光谱中测得的峰为多氮丙啶化合物的钠加合物,在本说明书的上下文中,多氮丙啶化合物的分子量(MW)对应于MW=观测的[M+M阳离子]–M阳离子,其中观测的[M+M阳离子]为MALDI-TOFMS峰,M阳离子为用于制造加合物的阳离子的准确质量(在这种情况下,钠的M阳离子=23.0Da)。多氮丙啶化合物可以通过将MW与理论结构的精确分子质量(即其组成原子的非同位素平均原子质量之和)进行比较来识别,最大偏差为0.6Da。
水性聚氨酯P1的合成
向1升烧瓶(配备温度计和顶置搅拌器)中装入29.9克二羟甲基丙酸、282.1克聚丙二醇(计算的平均分子量(M)为2000Da,OH值为56±2mg KOH/g聚丙二醇)、166.5克聚丙二醇(计算平均分子量(M)为1000Da,OH值为112±2mg KOH/g聚丙二醇)以及262.8克异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(每种多元醇的平均分子量由其OH值根据下式计算:M=2*56100/[OH-值,mg KOH/g聚丙二醇)。将反应混合物置于N2气氛下,加热至50℃,随后将0.07g二月桂酸二丁基锡加入到反应混合物中。观察到放热反应;然而,为了使反应温度不超过97℃,采取了适当的措施。反应在95℃下保持1小时。根据ISO14896方法A(2009年)测定所得聚氨酯P1’的NCO含量为7.00%(理论值为7.44%),聚氨酯P1’的酸值为16.1±1mg KOH/g聚氨酯P1’。将聚氨酯P1’冷却至60℃并加入18.7克三乙胺,并将所得混合物搅拌30分钟。随后,聚氨酯P1’的水分散体(聚氨酯P1’的水分散体进一步称为P1)制备如下:将由此制备的聚氨酯P1’和三乙胺的混合物在室温下经60分钟的时间加入到1100克软化水、19.5克壬基酚乙氧基化物(9个乙氧基化物基团)和4.0克三乙胺的混合物中。进料完成后,将混合物再搅拌5分钟,随后将111.2克肼(16重量%的水溶液)加入混合物中。将如此制备的聚氨酯P1’的水分散体再搅拌1小时,得到P1。
遗传毒性测试
通过测定法(Toxys,Leiden,荷兰)评估实施例和对比例的遗传毒性。ToxTracker测定为一组经过验证的基于绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的小鼠胚胎干(mES)报告细胞系,可用于在单次测试中识别新开发化合物的生物反应性和潜在致癌特性。该方法使用两步法。
在第一步中,使用野生型mES细胞(菌株B4418)进行剂量范围发现。测试了每种化合物的20种不同浓度,从DMSO中的10mM开始作为最高浓度和19次连续2倍稀释。
接下来,使用与报告基因相关的特定基因评估DNA损伤的实施例和对比例的遗传毒性;即Bscl2(由US9695481B2和EP2616484B1阐明)和Rtkn(Hendrikset.Al.Toxicol.Sci.2015,150,190-203)生物标志物。在不存在和存在基于大鼠S9肝提取物的代谢系统(aroclor1254诱导的大鼠,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,在10%、25%和50%的细胞毒性下评估了遗传毒性。将独立的细胞系接种于96孔细胞培养板中,将细胞接种于96孔板24h后,向细胞中加入含有稀释的受试物的新鲜ES细胞培养基。对于每种测试的化合物,以2倍稀释度测试五个浓度。最高样品浓度会引起显著的细胞毒性(50-70%)。在没有或低细胞毒性的情况下,10mM或最大可溶性混合物浓度用作最大测试浓度。使用GuavaeasyCyte 10HT流式细胞仪(Millipore)通过暴露24小时后的细胞计数确定细胞毒性。
GFP报告基因的诱导总为与载体对照处理进行比较。对于特定化合物,所有孔中的DMSO浓度都相似,并且从不超过1%。所有化合物都在至少3个完全独立的重复实验中进行了测试。所有实验都包括用顺铂(DNA损伤)进行的阳性参考处理。代谢通过添加S9肝提取物评估。在存在S9和所需的辅因子(RegenSysA+B,Moltox,Boone,NC,USA)的情况下,将细胞暴露于五种浓度的测试化合物3小时。洗涤后,将细胞在新鲜的ES细胞培养基中培养24小时。使用Guava easyCyte 10HT流式细胞仪(Millipore)在24小时暴露后确定GFP报告基因的诱导。仅确定完整单细胞中的GFP表达。测量每个孔中的平均GFP荧光和细胞浓度,用于细胞毒性评估。使用ToxPlot软件(Toxys Leiden the Netherlands)分析数据。所报告的诱导水平为,在存在S9大鼠肝提取物的情况下下暴露3小时后和恢复24小时后,或在不存在S9大鼠肝的情况下暴露24小时后,诱导10%、25%和50%细胞毒性的化合物浓度。
生物标志物的阳性诱导水平定义为,在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物不存在或存在的情况下,在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处,等于或高于2倍诱导;弱阳性诱导是指,在代谢系统大鼠S9肝提取物不存在或存在的情况下,在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处,高于1.5倍低于2倍的诱导(但在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性处低于2倍;阴性诱导是指,在没有和存在基于大鼠S9肝脏提取物的代谢系统,在10%、25%和50%细胞毒性中的至少一者处,低于或等于1.5倍的诱导。
使用的组分和缩写:
二甲基甲酰胺(CAS号68-12-2),购自Acros Organics(Thermo FisherScientific的一个部门)。
二(丙二醇)二甲醚(Proglyde DMM,CAS号111109-77-4),购自DowInc.。
三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),CAS号64265-57-2,CX-100购自DSM。
季戊四醇三(3-(1-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯),CAS号57116-45-7,购自ABCR。
碳酸钾(CAS号584-08-7),购自Alfa Aesar(Thermo Fisher Scientific的一个部门)。
聚乙二醇单甲醚(CAS号9004-74-4),数均分子量为1000Da,购自Tokyo ChemicalIndustry Co.,Ltd.。
正丁基缩水甘油醚(CAS号2426-08-6),购自Alfa Aesar(Thermo FisherScientific的一个部门)。
1-甲氧基-2-丙醇乙酸酯(丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯,CAS号108-65-6)购自ShellChemicals。
1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺)(CAS号1072-52-2),购自Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo.,Ltd.。
新癸酸铋(CAS号34364-26-6),购自TIB Chemical AG(Mannheim,Germany)。
乙烯亚胺(CAS号151-56-4),购自Menadiona S.L.(Palafolls,Spain)。
Cardura E10P(CAS号26761-45-5),购自Hexion Inc.。
肼(16%水溶液,CAS号302-01-2),购自Honeywell。
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA,CAS号4767-03-7),购自Perstop Polyols。
三乙胺(TEA,CAS号121-44-8),购自Arkema
1-丙醇(CAS号71-23-8),购自Sigma-Aldrich。
2-乙基己酸锡(CAS号301-10-0),购自Sigma-Aldrich。
二月桂酸二丁基锡(CAS号77-58-7),购自Sigma-Aldrich。
聚丙二醇,数均分子量为1000Da和数均分子量为2000Da,从BASF获得。
3-甲基-1-苯基-2-磷-1-氧化物(CAS号707-61-9),购自Sigma-Aldrich。
月桂基硫酸钠(30%水溶液,CAS号73296-89-6),购自BASF。
甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CAS号80-62-6),购自Lucite Int.。
丙烯酸正丁酯(CAS号141-32-2),购自Dow Chemical。
甲基丙烯酸(CAS号.79-41-4),购自Lucite Int.。
过硫酸铵(CAS号7727-54-0),购自United Initiators。
氨(25%的水溶液,CAS号1336-21-6),购自Merck。
1-丁醇(CAS号71-36-3),购自Sigma-Aldrich。
比较例1
比较例1是CX-100,三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯),购自DSM。化学结构如下所示。
作为参考,三羟甲基丙烷三(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶丙酸酯)作为交联剂的性能是根据DIN68861-1:2011-01标准的程序在涂层表面上进行的点测试评估的。对于这些测试,将0.23份化合物与0.60份ProglydeTM DMM(二丙二醇二甲醚,异构体混合物)混合,并在80℃下定期搅拌温育10分钟。随后,在连续搅拌下将0.56份所得溶液加入到20份P1中,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试C1-1)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,10分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,对比例1的交联剂具有遗传毒性。
比较例2
将15.0克Desmodur N 3600和75克二甲基甲酰胺装入装有温度计的反应烧瓶中。在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌混合物。然后将混合物加热至50℃,然后加入6.80克1-(2-羟乙基)乙烯亚胺。15分钟后,将0.03克新癸酸铋装入反应烧瓶中,然后将其进一步加热至60℃。定期取样并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1没有观察到NCO-伸缩。真空除去溶剂,得到澄清的、微黄色的高粘度液体。理论主成分计算分子量为765.47Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+K+]=804.43Da;实测值[M+K+]=804.27Da。
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例2的交联剂具有遗传毒性。
比较例3
将2.60克1-(氮丙啶-1-基)丙-2-醇、0.02克新癸酸铋和32克二甲基甲酰胺装入装有温度计的反应烧瓶中。在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌混合物并加热至50℃。然后在15分钟内将5.00克Desmodur N 3600在32克二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液滴加到反应烧瓶中,然后将混合物进一步加热至70℃。定期取样并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1没有观察到NCO-伸缩。真空除去溶剂,得到不透明的高粘度液体。理论主成分的计算分子量为807.52Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=830.52Da;实测值[M+Na+]=830.47Da。
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例3的交联剂具有遗传毒性。
实施例1
将配备有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶置于N2气氛下并装入乙烯亚胺(etheylene imine)(50.0克)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(108.0克)和K2CO3(5.00克)并在30分钟内加热至40℃。然后将混合物在T=40℃搅拌48小时。过滤后真空除去过量的EI,随后通过真空蒸馏进一步纯化,得到无色低粘度液体。
将3.45克所得材料(1-(氮丙啶-1-基)-3-丁氧基丙-2-醇)与0.02克新癸酸铋和15克二甲基甲酰胺一起装入装有温度计的反应烧瓶中。在氮气氛下用上部的机械搅拌器搅拌混合物并加热至50℃。然后在45分钟内将4.00克N 3600在8克二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液滴加到反应烧瓶中,同时保持反应温度恒定在50℃。定期取样并使用BrukerAlpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.13克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。将溶液在真空中浓缩至25重量%的溶液,产生微粘液体。
主成分的计算理论分子量为1023.69Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1046.69Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1046.72Da。
以下质量低于840Da的组分通过LC-MS测定并定量:
根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序,使用涂层表面上的点测试评估合成化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些试验,将1.4份交联剂溶液添加到10份P1中并持续搅拌,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试1-1)。作为参考,膜也由相同的没有交联剂的组合物浇铸而成(测试1-2)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 60分钟 240分钟
测试1-1 5 4
测试1-2 1 1
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例1的交联剂组合物是非遗传毒性的。
比较例4:
将1,00克4,4’-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)和4,8克二甲基甲酰胺装入配备温度计的反应烧瓶中。在氮气氛下用机械上部搅拌器搅拌混合物并加热至50℃。将0.02克新癸酸铋添加到溶液中。然后在15分钟内将1.21克1-(氮丙啶-1-基)-3-丁氧基丙-2-醇在2.28克二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液滴加到反应烧瓶中,然后将混合物进一步加热至80℃。定期取样并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.05克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。真空蒸发溶剂,得到高粘度不透明液体。主成分的计算理论分子量为608.45Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=631.45Da;实测值[M+Na+]=631.45Da。
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例4的交联剂组合物具有遗传毒性。
实施例2
将配备有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶置于N2气氛下并装入乙烯亚胺(50.0克)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(108.0克)和K2CO3(5.00克)并在30分钟内加热至40℃。然后将混合物在T=40℃搅拌48小时。过滤后真空除去过量的EI,随后通过真空蒸馏进一步纯化,得到无色低粘度液体。
将0.67克所得材料(1-(氮丙啶-1-基)-3-丁氧基丙-2-醇)与0.54克平均Mn为500Da的聚(乙二醇)单甲醚和2.28克二甲基甲酰胺一起装入进料漏斗。将该混合物在15分钟内加入到装有温度计的反应烧瓶中,并在50℃下填充1.00克N 3600、4.54克DMF和0.02克新癸酸铋,同时用上部机械搅拌器将混合物在氮气气氛下搅拌。进料完成后,将混合物进一步加热至80℃。定期取样并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.03克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。将溶液在真空中浓缩至25重量%的溶液,产生微粘液体。
理论主要成分的计算分子量分别为1023.69Da(3个氮丙啶)、1322.84Da(2个氮丙啶,10个EG重复单元)和1366.87Da(2个氮丙啶,11个EG重复单元)。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1046.69Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1046.16Da。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1345.84Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1345.31Da。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1389.87Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1389.52Da。
以下质量低于820Da的组分通过LC-MS测定并定量:
根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序,使用涂层表面的点测试评估合成化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些试验,将2.4份交联剂溶液添加到10份P1中并在连续搅拌下,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试2-1)。作为参考,膜也由缺乏交联剂的相同组合物浇铸而成(测试2-2)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 30分钟 240分钟
测试2-1 3 3
测试2-2 1 1
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例2的交联剂组合物是非遗传毒性的。
实施例3
将配备有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶置于N2气氛下并装入乙烯亚胺(40.0克)、CarduraE10P(151.5克)和K2CO3(4.00克)并加热至40℃,之后将将混合物在T=40℃搅拌48小时。过滤后真空除去过量的EI,随后通过真空蒸馏进一步纯化,得到无色低粘度液体。
将1.35克所得材料(3-(氮丙啶-1-基)-2-羟丙基新癸酸酯)与2.40克二甲基甲酰胺一起装入进料漏斗。将该混合物在15分钟内加入到装有温度计的反应烧瓶中,并在50℃下装入1.00克N 3600、4.80克DMF和0.02克新癸酸铋,同时用机械上部搅拌混合物在氮气气氛下搅拌。进料完成后,将混合物进一步加热至80℃。定期取样并使用BrukerAlpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.03克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。将溶液在真空中浓缩至25重量%的溶液,产生微粘液体。
理论主成分计算分子量为1317.91Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1340.91Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1340.88Da。
以下质量低于820Da的组分通过LC-MS测定并定量:
根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序,使用涂层表面的点测试评估合成化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些试验,将2.0份交联剂溶液添加到10份P1中并在连续搅拌下,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试3-1)。作为参考,膜也由缺少交联剂的相同组合物浇铸而成(测试3-2)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 30分钟 240分钟
测试3-1 4 4
测试3-2 1 1
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例3的交联剂组合物是非遗传毒性的。
实施例4
将配备有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶置于N2气氛下并装入乙烯亚胺(50.0克)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(108.0克)和K2CO3(5.00克)并在30分钟内加热至40℃。然后将混合物在T=40℃搅拌48小时。过滤后真空除去过量的EI,随后通过真空蒸馏进一步纯化,得到无色低粘度液体。
将3.37克所得材料(1-(氮丙啶-1-基)-3-丁氧基丙-2-醇)与5.4克XTJ-436(CAS号118270-87-4,购自Huntsman)和30克二甲基甲酰胺一起装入进料烧瓶中。将该混合物在15分钟内加入到装有温度计的反应烧瓶中,并在50℃下装入5.00克N 3600、40克DMF和0.12克新癸酸铋,同时用上部的机械搅拌器将混合物在氮气气氛下搅拌。进料完成后,将混合物进一步加热至80℃。定期取样并使用Bruker AlphaFT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.16克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。将溶液在真空中浓缩至25重量%的溶液,产生微粘液体。
理论主要成分的计算分子量分别为1023.69Da(3个氮丙啶)、1824.30Da(2个氮丙啶,13个PO重复单元)和1882.34Da(2个氮丙啶,14个PO重复单元)。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1046.69Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1046.71Da。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1847.29Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1847.40Da。
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1905.33Da;实测值[M+Na+]=1905.44Da。
以下质量低于820Da的组分通过LC-MS测定并定量:
根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序,使用涂层表面的点测试评估合成化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些试验,将1.0份交联剂溶液添加到15份P1中并在连续搅拌下,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试4-1)。作为参考,膜也由缺乏交联剂的相同组合物浇铸而成(测试4-2)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 60分钟 240分钟
测试4-1 3 3
测试4-2 1 1
如下合成水性丙烯酸类粘合剂。
将十二烷基硫酸钠(30%的水中的固体,18.6克溶液)和软化水(711克)装入配备温度计和顶置搅拌器的2升四颈烧瓶中。将反应器相置于N2气氛下并加热至82℃。将软化水(112克)、十二烷基硫酸钠(30%的水中的固体,37.2克溶液)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(174.41克)、丙烯酸正丁酯(488.44克)和甲基丙烯酸(34.88克)的混合物放入在一个大的进料漏斗中并用顶置搅拌器乳化(单体进料)。将过硫酸铵(1.75克)溶解在软化水(89.61克)中并放入一个小的进料漏斗(引发剂进料)。将过硫酸铵(1.75克)溶解在软化水(10.5克)中,并将该溶液加入到反应器阶段中。随后立即将5体积%的单体进料加入反应器相中。然后反应混合物放热至85℃并在85℃保持5分钟。然后,在90分钟内将残余单体进料和引发剂进料进料到反应混合物中,保持温度为85℃。进料完成后,单体进料漏斗用软化水(18.9克)冲洗,反应温度在85℃保持45分钟。随后,将混合物冷却至室温并用氨溶液(6.25wt.%在软化水中)调节至pH=7.2,并用进一步的软化水调节至40%固体。
对于进一步的点测试,合成化合物作为交联剂的性能是根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序在涂层表面上使用点测试评估的。在这些试验中,将1.1份的交联剂溶液加入到15份上述丙烯酸类粘合剂中,同时连续搅拌,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试4-3)。作为参考,膜也由相同的没有交联剂的组合物浇铸而成(测试4-4)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 60分钟 240分钟
测试4-3 3 3
测试4-4 1 1
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例4的交联剂组合物是非遗传毒性的。
实施例5
将配备有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶置于N2气氛下并装入乙烯亚胺(50.0克)、正丁基缩水甘油醚(108.0克)和K2CO3(5.00克)并在30分钟内加热至40℃。然后将混合物在T=40℃搅拌48小时。过滤后真空除去过量的EI,随后通过真空蒸馏进一步纯化,得到无色低粘度液体。
将1-(氮丙啶-1-基)-3-丁氧基丙-2-醇)与0.02克新癸酸铋和32克二甲基甲酰胺一起装入装有温度计的反应烧瓶中。在氮气氛下用上部的机械搅拌器搅拌混合物并加热至50℃。然后在15分钟内将6.30克N 3900在34克二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液滴加到反应烧瓶中,同时保持反应温度恒定在50℃。定期取样并使用Bruker Alpha FT-IR光谱仪监测反应进程,直到在2200-2300cm-1观察到NCO-伸缩没有变化。随后,将0.21克1-丁醇添加到混合物中,随后进一步反应以使上述NCO-伸缩峰完全消失。将溶液在真空中浓缩至25重量%的溶液,产生微粘液体。
主成分的计算理论分子量为1023.69Da,化学结构如下所示:
分子量通过Maldi-TOF-MS确认:计算值[M+Na+]=1046.69Da;;实测值[M+Na+]=1046.73Da。
以下质量低于820Da的组分通过LC-MS测定并定量:
根据标准DIN 68861-1:2011-01的程序,使用涂层表面上的点测试评估合成化合物作为交联剂的性能。对于这些试验,将1.4份交联剂溶液添加到10份P1中并持续搅拌,并将所得混合物进一步搅拌30分钟。之后,将该涂料组合物过滤并使用100μm线材涂敷器将其涂敷到Leneta测试卡上(测试5-1)。作为参考,膜也由缺乏交联剂的相同组合物浇铸而成(测试5-2)。膜在25℃干燥16小时,然后在50℃退火1小时,再在25℃干燥24小时。随后,将一块脱脂棉浸泡在1:1的EtOH:软化水中并放置在膜上不同时间。去除EtOH并恢复60分钟后,获得以下结果(1分表示膜完全降解,5分表示没有可见损坏):
乙醇点试验
样本 60分钟 240分钟
测试5-1 5 4
测试5-2 1 1
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,实施例5的交联剂组合物是非遗传毒性的。
比较例5
比较例5是从ABCR获得的季戊四醇三(3-(1-氮丙啶基)丙酸酯),CAS号57116-45-7。化学结构如下所示:
遗传毒性试验
遗传毒性测试结果表明,比较例5的交联剂具有遗传毒性。
Claims (24)
1.一种多氮丙啶化合物,具有:
a)2至6个以下结构单元(A):
其中
m是1到6的整数;且
R’和R”根据(1)或(2):
(1)R’=H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,且
R”=H、含1-14个碳原子的脂族烃基、含5-12个碳原子的脂环族烃基、含6-12个碳原子的芳族基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,R””是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基或含有6至12个碳原子的芳族烃基,n为1至35,R””’独立地为H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,并且R”””为含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基,且
其中R’或R”不是H;
(2)R’和R”一起形成含有5至8个碳原子的饱和脂环族烃基;
b)一个或多个链接链,其中这些链接链中的每一个链接所述结构单元A中的两个;和
c)840道尔顿至5000道尔顿范围内的分子量,其中分子量根据说明书使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中,
m为1;
R’和R”根据(1)或(2):
(1)R’=H或含有1至2个碳原子的烷基,且
R”=H、含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的烷基,R””是含有1-14个碳原子的烷基,n是1到35,R””’独立地是H或甲基并且R”””是含有1-4个碳的烷基原子,且
其中R’或R”不是H;
(2)R’和R”形成含有5至8个碳原子的饱和脂环族烃基的一部分。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中
R’=H,并且
R”=含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基、含有5至12个碳原子的脂环族烃基、含有6至12个碳原子的芳香族烃基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCR””’HCR””’H)n-OR”””,其中R”’是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基,并且R””是含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基或含有6至12个碳原子的芳族烃基,n为1至35,R””’独立地为H或含有1至14个碳原子的脂族烃基并且R”””为含有1至4个碳原子的脂族烃基。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中R’是H并且R”=含有1至4个碳原子的烷基、CH2-O-(C=O)-R”’、CH2-O-R””或CH2-(OCH2CH2)n-OCH3,其中R”’是含有3至12个碳原子的烷基,R””是含有1至14个碳原子的烷基。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物包含2或3个结构单元(A)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述链接链由4至300个原子、更优选5至250个、最优选6至100个原子组成,并且所述链接链是共价连接的原子的集合,所述原子集合组成为i)碳原子,ii)碳和氮原子,或iii)碳、氧和氮原子。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物具有840至3800道尔顿的分子量,其中分子量根据说明书使用MALDI-TOF质谱法测定。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,其中所述连接基团包括至少一个选自如下的官能团:
脂族烃官能团、脂族族官能团、芳族官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、醚官能团、酯官能团、酰胺官能团、碳酸酯官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团、脲基甲酸酯官能团、脲二酮官能团及其任何组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其特征在于,所述多氮丙啶化合物的连接基团由至少一种选自以下的官能团组成:
脂族烃官能团、脂族族官能团、芳族官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团、氨基甲酸酯官能团、脲官能团、缩二脲官能团及其任何组合。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物包含一个或多个连接基团,其中这些连接基团中的每一个连接所述结构单元A中的两个,其中所述连接基团由如下组成:(i)至少两个脂族烃官能团或至少两个脂环族烃官能团和(ii)异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团,并且其中连接基团上存在侧基,其中侧基具有以下结构式:
n’是重复单元的数目并且是1至50、优选2至30、更优选5至20的整数,
X是O或NH,
R7和R8在每个重复单元中独立地为H或CH3,
R9是脂族烃基,优选含有1至8个碳原子,或脂环族烃基,优选含有4至10个碳原子,和
R10含有至多20个碳原子并且是脂族烃基、脂环族烃基或芳族烃基或其组合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中X为O且R7和R8为H。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有2个结构单元(A)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述连接基团由以下连续官能团的阵列组成:第一脂族烃官能团、异氰脲酸酯官能团或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮官能团和第二脂族烃官能团,且R9是脂族烃基,其中第一脂族烃官能团和第二脂族烃官能团和R9相同。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中所述多氮丙啶化合物含有聚氧乙烯(-O-CH2-CH2-)x基团的量相对于多氮丙啶化合物为至少0.1重量%,优选至少6重量%,更优选至少10重量%,并且量小于45重量%,更优选小于25重量%,最优选小于16重量%。
16.根据权利要求15所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中多异氰酸酯是一种具有脂族反应性的多异氰酸酯。
17.根据权利要求15或16中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中化合物B通过使至少一种非OH官能的单环氧化物化合物与乙烯亚胺反应而获得。
18.根据权利要求17所述的多氮丙啶化合物,其中非OH官能单环氧化物化合物选自正丁基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、新癸酸缩水甘油酯及其任何混合物。
19.一种交联剂组合物,其包含至少一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物并且还包含至少一种附加组分。
20.根据权利要求19所述的交联剂组合物,其中存在于所述交联剂组合物中的根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物的分子量在840道尔顿至5000道尔顿的范围内,其中分子量根据说明书所述使用MALDI-TOF质谱测量。
21.根据权利要求19或20中任一项所述的交联剂组合物,其中,具有低于820道尔顿的分子量的氮丙啶官能分子,相对于所述交联剂组合物总重量的量低于1.5重量%,优选低于1重量%,其中分子量如说明书中所述使用LC-MS测定。
22.根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的交联剂组合物,其中所述交联剂组合物包含小于5重量%的水。
23.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的多氮丙啶化合物或根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的交联剂组合物用于交联溶解和/或分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物的用途,其中所述羧酸官能聚合物含有羧酸基团和/或羧酸酯基团。
24.一种双组分涂料体系,包括第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分和所述第二组分各自分开且彼此不同,并且其中所述第一组分包含溶解和/或分散,优选分散在水性介质中的羧酸官能聚合物,其中所述羧酸官能聚合物包含羧酸基团和/或羧酸酯基团,并且所述第二组分包含根据权利要求1至18中任一项的多氮丙啶化合物或所述第二组分是根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的交联剂组合物。
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