CN115005075B - Planting method for dendrobium nobile by nailing on stone surface in karst region - Google Patents
Planting method for dendrobium nobile by nailing on stone surface in karst region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting, in particular to a planting mode of dendrobium officinale by nailing on stone surfaces in karst regions, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forest land selection, (2) planting preparation and (3) dendrobium nobile planting. According to the method, the dendrobium is planted in the karst terrain area with the original stones in the forest and the controllable depth of the soil plough layer, so that the dendrobium planting area is improved, the stable growth of the dendrobium is facilitated, the planting potential of the karst area is fully excavated, and the method has great economic value in production practice; the wood is processed into wood blocks, the wood blocks, water, rapeseed cakes, apple pomace and cow dung are mixed and naturally fermented to form a rotting substance, the slow release effect of the fertilizer is enhanced, the root system of the dendrobium is enabled to grow more easily, efficient nutrition decomposition flora can be formed in the subsequent development of the dendrobium, and the growth of the dendrobium is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting, in particular to a dendrobium planting mode for nailing the stone surface in a karst region.
Background
Dendrobium officinale (academic name: dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo), also known as: HEIHONGCAO, herba Dendrobii, and Dendrobium candidum. Is a perennial epiphytic herb plant of the genus dendrobium of the family orchidaceae. The stem is upright, cylindrical, 9-35 cm long, 2-4 mm thick, the sepals and the petals are yellow green and nearly similar, the long round shape is in a needle shape, the length is about 1.8cm, the width is 4-5 mm, and the flowering phase is 3-6 months. Mainly distributed in Guizhou, anhui, zhejiang, fujian, etc. areas of China. The stems of the Chinese medicinal composition are used as medicines, and have the effects of tonifying stomach, promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing heat.
The karst terrain is wide in Guizhou area, the ecological environment is fragile, the crop cultivation difficulty is high, the dendrobium officinale is a high-value epiphytic plant, and the dendrobium officinale is planted on the surface of a stone in the karst region, so that the coverage effect of the stone can be improved, and the economic income of farmers in the karst region can be properly increased. At present, the improvement of the planting survival rate and the quality of dendrobium is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting mode of dendrobium in karst region rocky surface spiked in order to enlarge the planting area of dendrobium and promote the full utilization of karst terrain, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a planting method of dendrobium nobile by nailing on stone surface in karst region comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of forest land
Selecting an environment under a forest with the forest shade density of 0.5-0.8, wherein the forest has raw stones and a karst terrain area with the soil plough layer depth of 10-50 cm;
(2) Preparation for planting
A, processing wood into wood blocks, and exposing the wood blocks for 5-10 days; mixing wood blocks and water according to the mass ratio of 1; controlling the environmental temperature to be 30-33 ℃, adding bacterial residues and EM bacterial liquid which are 2-3 times of the weight of the rapeseed cakes, uniformly stirring, and performing film-covering fermentation for 5-10 days;
taking out the wood blocks, airing, and fermenting residues for later use; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the wood block, turning over the wood block, continuously spraying the nutrient solution, wherein the spraying amount is 5-8% of the mass of the wood block, and repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times after the moisture on the surface of the wood block is dried; then, spraying the gelling solution on the surface of the wood block, and naturally drying;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 2-3 parts of potassium humate and 100-120 parts of clear water in parts by mass;
the preparation method of the gelling solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-3 parts by mass of pectin, 2-3 parts by mass of chitosan, 3-5 parts by mass of starch and 120-150 parts by mass of clear water, heating to 80-90 ℃ for gelatinization, adding 0.2-0.3 part by mass of calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature;
b, uniformly mixing the fermentation residues in the previous step with silicate bacteria according to a mass ratio of 82.1-0.3, covering the mixture on the surface of a stone needing to cultivate the dendrobium for 5-10 days; spraying 2-3 times on the surface of the stone every day, wherein the spraying amount is 1-3 kg/square meter each time;
(3) Dendrobium nobile cultivation
Removing a covering on the surface of the stone, uniformly mixing humus soil, biogas slurry and water according to a mass ratio of 1; drilling a hole on a stone, selecting a strong domesticated dendrobium seedling to attach to the surface of the stone, pressing the wood block processed in the previous step on the dendrobium seedling, nailing the wood block into the drilled hole by an iron nail, and managing according to the conventional method.
Further, in the step (2), the wood block has the length of 5-12cm, the width of 1-5cm and the thickness of 2-3cm.
Further, in the step (2), the dosage of the rapeseed cakes is 3-5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, the water content is adjusted to be 66-68% at normal temperature, and the mushroom dregs can be used after being piled up for 7-10 days.
Further, in the step (2), the using amount of the apple pomace is 5-10 times of the mass of the wood blocks.
Further, in the step (2), the amount of the cow dung is 4-8 times of the mass of the wood blocks.
Further, in the step (2), the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 8-13% of the mass of the mixture.
Further, in the step (2), the dosage of the gelling solution is 5-9% of the mass of the wood block.
Further, in the step (2), the thickness of the fermentation residues on the surface of the stone is 2-4cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the method, the dendrobium is planted in the karst terrain area with the original stones under the forest and the controllable depth of the soil plough layer, so that the dendrobium planting area is improved, the stable growth of the dendrobium is facilitated, the planting potential of the karst area is fully excavated, and the method has great economic value in production practice;
the invention improves the pore space of the wood block by processing the wood into the wood block and utilizing insolation; mixing wood blocks with water, rapeseed cakes, apple pomace and cow dung, naturally fermenting to form a rotten substance, controlling the environmental temperature, adding mushroom dregs and EM bacterial liquid, covering a film, fermenting, accelerating the rotting of the wood blocks, and forming a mixed system with high content of soluble nutrients for the adsorption of the wood blocks; drying to fix nutrients in the wood blocks, spraying nutrient solution on the surfaces of the wood blocks to strengthen the nutrients of the wood blocks again, spraying a gelling solution on the surfaces of the wood blocks to plug pores of the wood blocks, and naturally drying to form the wood blocks with the effect of slow release fertilizer;
adding pectin, chitosan and starch into a gelling solution, gelatinizing to form a stable gelled body, adding calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and fixing phosphate by utilizing the settling effect of calcium ions to strengthen the gelling stability;
according to the invention, minerals on the surface of stones are firstly decomposed by silicate bacteria, so that the root system of the dendrobium is easier to grow, and an efficient nutrition decomposition flora can be formed in the subsequent development of the dendrobium, so that the growth of the dendrobium is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plant picture of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A planting method of dendrobium nobile nailed on stone surfaces in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of forest land
Selecting an under-forest environment with forest shade density of 0.5, wherein the under-forest environment has raw stones and a karst terrain area with soil plough layer depth of 10 cm;
(2) Preparation for planting
A, processing wood into wood blocks, and exposing the wood blocks for 5 days; mixing the wood blocks and water according to a mass ratio of 1; controlling the environmental temperature to be 30 ℃, adding bacterial slag and EM bacterial liquid which are 2 times of the weight of the rapeseed cakes, uniformly stirring, and carrying out film-covering fermentation for 5 days; the wood block is 5cm in length, 1cm in width and 2cm in thickness; the mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, the water content is adjusted to be 66% at normal temperature, and the mushroom dregs can be used after being piled up for 7 days;
taking out the wood blocks, airing and fermenting residues for later use; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the wood block, turning over the wood block, continuously spraying the nutrient solution, wherein the spraying amount is 5% of the mass of the wood block, and repeatedly spraying for 2 times after the moisture on the surface of the wood block is dried; then, spraying the gelling solution on the surface of the wood block, and naturally drying;
the dosage of the rapeseed cakes is 3 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the apple pomace is 5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the cow dung is 4 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 8% of the mass of the mixture;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 part of ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium humate and 100 parts of clear water in parts by mass;
the preparation method of the gelling solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1 part of pectin, 2 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of starch and 120 parts of clear water in parts by mass, heating to 80 ℃ for gelatinization, adding 0.2 part of calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature; the using amount of the gelling solution is 5% of the mass of the wood block;
b, uniformly mixing the fermentation residues in the previous step with silicate bacteria according to a mass ratio of 82.1, covering the mixture on the surface of a stone needing to cultivate the dendrobium for 5 days; spraying the surface of the stone for 2 times every day, wherein the spraying amount is 1 kg/square meter each time; the thickness of the fermentation residues on the surface of the stone is 2cm;
(3) Dendrobium nobile cultivation
Removing a covering material on the surface of the stone, uniformly mixing humus soil, biogas slurry and water according to a mass ratio of 1; drilling a hole on a stone, selecting a strong domesticated dendrobium seedling to be attached to the surface of the stone, pressing the dendrobium seedling with the wood block processed in the previous step, nailing the wood block in the drilled hole with an iron nail, stably clamping the dendrobium seedling on the surfaces of the wood block and the stone, and managing according to a conventional method.
Example 2
A planting method of dendrobium nobile by nailing on stone surface in karst region comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of forest land
Selecting an under-forest environment with the forest shade density of 0.8, wherein the under-forest environment is provided with raw stones and a karst terrain area with the soil plough layer depth of 50 cm;
(2) Preparation for planting
A, processing wood into wood blocks, and exposing the wood blocks for 10 days; mixing the wood blocks and water according to a mass ratio of 1; controlling the environmental temperature to be 33 ℃, adding fungus dregs and EM bacterial liquid which are 3 times of the weight of the rapeseed cakes, uniformly stirring, and carrying out film-covering fermentation for 10 days; the length of the wood block is 12cm, the width of the wood block is 5cm, and the thickness of the wood block is 3cm; the mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, the water content is adjusted to 68% at normal temperature, and the mushroom dregs can be used after being stacked for 10 days;
taking out the wood blocks, airing and fermenting residues for later use; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the wood block, turning over the wood block, continuously spraying the nutrient solution, wherein the spraying amount is 8% of the mass of the wood block, and repeatedly spraying for 3 times after the moisture on the surface of the wood block is dried; then, spraying the gelling solution on the surface of the wood block, and naturally drying;
the dosage of the rapeseed cakes is 5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the apple pomace is 10 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the cow dung is 8 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 13% of the mass of the mixture;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of potassium humate and 120 parts of clear water in parts by mass;
the preparation method of the gelling solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3 parts by mass of pectin, 3 parts by mass of chitosan, 5 parts by mass of starch and 150 parts by mass of clear water, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization, adding 0.3 part by mass of calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature; the using amount of the gelling solution is 9% of the mass of the wood block;
b, uniformly mixing the fermentation residues in the previous step with silicate bacteria according to a mass ratio of 82.3, covering the mixture on the surface of a stone needing to be cultivated with dendrobium for 10 days; spraying 3 times on the surface of the stone every day, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/square meter each time; the thickness of the fermentation residues on the surface of the stone is 4cm;
(3) Dendrobium nobile cultivation
Removing a covering on the surface of the stone, uniformly mixing humus soil, biogas slurry and water according to a mass ratio of 1; drilling a hole on a stone, selecting a strong domesticated dendrobium seedling to be attached to the surface of the stone, pressing the dendrobium seedling with the wood block processed in the previous step, nailing the wood block in the drilled hole with an iron nail, stably clamping the dendrobium seedling on the surfaces of the wood block and the stone, and managing according to a conventional method.
Example 3
A planting method of dendrobium nobile nailed on stone surfaces in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting forest land
Selecting an environment under a forest with the forest yin density of 0.77, wherein the forest has raw stones and a karst terrain area with the soil plough layer depth of 30 cm;
(2) Preparation for planting
A, processing wood into wood blocks, and exposing the wood blocks for 10 days; mixing the wood blocks with water according to a mass ratio of 1; controlling the environmental temperature to be 33 ℃, adding bacterial residues and EM bacterial liquid which are 2 times of the weight of the rapeseed cakes, uniformly stirring, and carrying out film-covering fermentation for 10 days; the wood block is 5cm in length, 2cm in width and 3cm in thickness; the mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, the water content is adjusted to be 67% at normal temperature, and the mushroom dregs can be used after being piled up for 8 days;
taking out the wood blocks, airing, and fermenting residues for later use; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the wood block, turning over the wood block, continuously spraying the nutrient solution, wherein the spraying amount is 8% of the mass of the wood block, and repeatedly spraying for 2 times after the moisture on the surface of the wood block is dried; then, spraying the gelling solution on the surface of the wood block, and naturally drying;
the dosage of the rapeseed cakes is 5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the apple pomace is 5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the cow dung is 8 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 8% of the mass of the mixture;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium humate and 120 parts of clear water in parts by mass;
the preparation method of the gelling solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3 parts by mass of pectin, 2 parts by mass of chitosan, 5 parts by mass of starch and 120 parts by mass of clear water, heating to 90 ℃ for gelatinization, adding 0.3 part by mass of calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature; the using amount of the gelling solution is 5% of the mass of the wood block;
b, uniformly mixing the fermentation residues in the previous step with silicate bacteria according to a mass ratio of 82.3, covering the mixture on the surface of a stone needing to be cultivated with dendrobium for 5 days; spraying the surface of the stone for 3 times every day, wherein the spraying amount is 1 kg/square meter each time; the thickness of the fermentation residues on the surface of the stone is 4cm;
(3) Dendrobium nobile cultivation
Removing a covering on the surface of the stone, uniformly mixing humus soil, biogas slurry and water according to a mass ratio of 1; drilling a hole on a stone, selecting a strong domesticated dendrobium seedling to be attached to the surface of the stone, pressing the dendrobium seedling with the wood block processed in the previous step, nailing the wood block in the drilled hole with an iron nail, stably clamping the dendrobium seedling on the surfaces of the wood block and the stone, and managing according to a conventional method.
Comparative example setup:
| comparative example 1 | The difference from the embodiment 1 is that no EM bacterial liquid is used in the step (2); |
| comparative example 2 | The difference from the example 1 is that chitosan is not used in the preparation of the gelling solution in the step (2); |
| comparative example 3 | The difference from example 1 is that no starch is used in the preparation of the gelling solution in step (2); |
| comparative example 4 | The difference from the embodiment 1 is that calcium chloride is not added when the gelling solution is prepared in the step (2); |
| comparative example 5 | The difference from example 1 is that silicate bacteria were not used without step (2). |
Test examples
Selecting areas with little environment difference in dendrobium officinale planting bases in Xingyi city of Guizhou province, respectively planting dendrobium officinale according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5, managing water and fertilizer uniformly, harvesting after planting for one year, and counting the survival rate and tillering rate of the dendrobium officinale; detecting polysaccharide content by extracting with ethanol, and detecting with phenol-sulfuric acid method; the results are as follows:
because the dendrobium is not directly planted in the substrate, the surface of the stone can adsorb less objects, and the change of nutrient elements in the wood block has extremely obvious influence on the dendrobium. As can be seen from the table, the survival rate, tillering rate and polysaccharide content of the dendrobium nobile in the examples 1-3 planted according to the method are obviously higher than those of the dendrobium nobile in the comparative examples 1-5, and obviously, the dendrobium nobile in the examples 1-3 has more sufficient nutrients and better growth state. The wood blocks in the comparative example 1 are not treated by using EM bacterial liquid, so that the fermentation is not thorough, the decomposition degree of the wood blocks is low, the adsorbed nutrient components are less, and the subsequent growth of the dendrobium is directly influenced in the planting process; comparative example 2 chitosan is not used in the preparation of the gelling solution, so that the gelling degree of the surface of the wood block is low, and the blocking effect of nutrients in the wood block is poor, so that the nutrient can not be slowly and stably released by the wood block in the dendrobium, and the nutrient accumulation of the dendrobium is insufficient; comparative example 3 no starch is used in the preparation of the gelling solution, the adhesion of the gelling starch to the pores of the wood blocks is lacked, the whole nutrition supply is unstable, the tillering rate of the dendrobium is low, and the polysaccharide accumulation is slow; comparative example 4 the gelling solution was prepared without adding calcium chloride, which significantly blocked the loss of phosphorus and stabilized the gelling effect on the surface of the wood block, since calcium chloride had significantly affected the growth of dendrobium in comparative example 4, since it had been precipitated as calcium phosphate by adsorption of phosphate in the previous step; in the comparative example 5, silicate bacteria are not used, so that the decomposition of microorganisms on the surface of stones is lacked, the nutrition existing form on the surface of stones is influenced, and the nutrient accumulation of dendrobium in the whole growth process is influenced, so that the whole growth trend is poor, and the survival rate, the tillering rate and the polysaccharide content are obviously reduced.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a karst region stone head surface nail income formula stem of noble dendrobium planting mode which characterized in that includes:
(1) Selection of forest land
Selecting an environment under a forest with the forest shade density of 0.5-0.8, wherein the forest has raw stones and a karst terrain area with the soil plough layer depth of 10-50 cm;
(2) Preparation for planting
A, processing wood into wood blocks, and exposing the wood blocks for 5-10 days; mixing the wood blocks and water according to the mass ratio of 1; controlling the environmental temperature to be 30-33 ℃, adding bacterial residues and EM bacterial liquid which are 2-3 times of the weight of the rapeseed cakes, uniformly stirring, and performing film-covering fermentation for 5-10 days;
taking out the wood blocks, airing and fermenting residues for later use; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the wood block, turning over the wood block, continuously spraying the nutrient solution, wherein the spraying amount is 5-8% of the mass of the wood block, and repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times after the moisture on the surface of the wood block is dried; then, spraying the gelling solution on the surface of the wood block, and naturally drying;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 2-3 parts of potassium humate and 100-120 parts of clear water in parts by mass;
the preparation method of the gelling solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-3 parts by mass of pectin, 2-3 parts by mass of chitosan, 3-5 parts by mass of starch and 120-150 parts by mass of clear water, heating to 80-90 ℃ for gelatinization, adding 0.2-0.3 part by mass of calcium chloride, uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature;
b, uniformly mixing the fermentation residues in the previous step with silicate bacteria according to a mass ratio of 82.1-0.3, covering the mixture on the surface of a stone needing to be cultivated with dendrobium for 5-10 days; spraying 2-3 times on the surface of the stone every day, wherein the spraying amount is 1-3 kg/square meter each time;
(3) Dendrobium nobile cultivation
Removing a covering material on the surface of the stone, uniformly mixing humus soil, biogas slurry and water according to the mass ratio of 1; drilling a hole on a stone, selecting a strong domesticated dendrobium seedling to be attached to the surface of the stone, pressing the dendrobium seedling with the wood block processed in the previous step, nailing the wood block in the drilled hole with an iron nail, and managing according to the conventional method.
2. The planting method of dendrobium candidum planted on the stone surface in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the wood block is 5-12cm in length, 1-5cm in width and 2-3cm in thickness.
3. The planting method of dendrobium candidum planted on the stone surface in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the rapeseed cakes is 3-5 times of the mass of the wood blocks; the mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, the water content is adjusted to be 66-68% at normal temperature, and the mushroom dregs can be used after being piled up for 7-10 days.
4. The planting method of dendrobium candidum planted on the stone surface in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the usage amount of the apple pomace is 5-10 times of the mass of the wood blocks.
5. The planting method of dendrobium nobile lindl planted on the stone surface in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the cow dung is 4-8 times of the mass of the wood block.
6. The planting method of dendrobium nobile lindl planted on the stone surface in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 8-13% of the mass of the mixture.
7. The planting method of dendrobium candidum on the stone surface in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the dosage of the gelling solution is 5-9% of the mass of the wood block.
8. The planting mode of dendrobium candidum planted on the stone surface in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness of the fermentation residues on the stone surface is 2-4cm.
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