CN115005033A - Dry planting method of rice - Google Patents
Dry planting method of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005033A CN115005033A CN202210657394.2A CN202210657394A CN115005033A CN 115005033 A CN115005033 A CN 115005033A CN 202210657394 A CN202210657394 A CN 202210657394A CN 115005033 A CN115005033 A CN 115005033A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses a dry planting method of rice, which comprises the following steps: ditching: ditching on the planting land, wherein the cross section of the ditch is V-shaped, the maximum width is 20-22cm, the depth is 10-12cm, and the ditch distance is 20-22 cm; every 10 grooves form a group, and the distance between the groups is 40 cm; sowing steps: uniformly sowing rice seeds at the bottom of the ditch, wherein the sowing density is 15-25 grains/m, and covering soil for 3-5cm after sowing; the dry planting method combines the ditching technology with the seeding, and determines reasonable planting density and population structure according to the thousand seed weight and the germination rate of the rice variety; greatly improves the emergence rate and the rice yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dry planting method of rice, belonging to the technical field of plant planting.
Background
The dry planting of the rice is a rice planting method which is suitable for the water-deficient environment of the mountain area and enables the rice to grow and result, and is a technology capable of solving the problem that people eat rice in the mountain area. For a long time, the dry rice seeds mainly adopt methods of broadcast sowing, pool digging hole sowing or seedling transplanting and the like, wherein the broadcast sowing saves labor and time, but the sowing is not uniform, and the emergence of seedlings is irregular. The pond digging hole sowing and seedling raising transplanting are labor-consuming and time-consuming, the planting is difficult to complete according to the festivals under the condition of insufficient labor force, the emergence rate of the dry rice seeds is unstable, the planting production is uncertain, and the stable quantitative harvest cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dry planting method of rice, which combines a ditching technology with sowing and determines reasonable planting density and group structure according to thousand seed weight and germination rate of rice varieties; greatly improves the emergence rate and the rice yield.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for dry-breeding rice, comprising:
ditching: ditching on the planting land, wherein the cross section of the ditch is V-shaped, the maximum width is 20-22cm, the depth is 10-12cm, and the ditch distance is 20-22 cm; every 10 grooves form a group, and the distance between the groups is 40 cm;
sowing steps: uniformly sowing rice seeds at the bottom of a ditch (drill sowing), wherein the sowing density is 15-25 grains/m, and covering soil for 3-5cm after sowing.
Further, the rice variety is at least one of Longyayouhuazhan, Priaoyuazhan, Jingliangyou534 and Yexiangyou 9901.
Further, before the ditching step, a soil preparation step is arranged: ploughing the soil deeply by 30cm, insolating for 20-30d, and leveling and raking finely by a rotary cultivator.
Further, a sowing step: sowing rice seeds at the bottom of a ditch (hole sowing), wherein the sowing density is 3-4 grains/hole, the hole distance is 15-20cm, and covering soil of 3-5cm after sowing.
Further, after the sowing step, a growing period management step is also included; the management in the growth period comprises at least one of fertilization, seedling raking, seedling supplementing, weeding and pest control.
Further, the fertilization comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer adopts a whole-process fertilization method, organic fertilizer is firstly applied, ploughed into soil, and then surface base fertilizer is applied after raking, and the field surface is leveled; applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers when the seed fertilizers are used for digging a pond and sowing after land leveling; topdressing is carried out at the tillering stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage.
Further, the topdressing in the tillering stage is to broadcast 10 kg/mu of urea and 5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the light rain or after the rain when 2 leaves are in 1 heart to 3 leaves are in 1 heart.
Further, topdressing in the jointing stage is topdressing before young ear differentiation in the later stage of tillering, and urea is applied at 5 kg/mu.
Further, topdressing in heading period is to apply 5 kg/mu of urea before and after raining; or applying foliage dressing in sunny days, spraying urea 0.2 kg/mu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.04 kg/mu, and adding water 20 kg/mu.
Further, the raking is as follows: raking the seedlings when the emergence rate reaches 20-30%; the seedling supplementing method comprises the following steps: when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings are replanted by adopting a dense-transplanting and thin-supplementing method in rainy days or cloudy days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dry planting method of the rice realizes the planting of the rice on the dry land, the rice is a crop with larger water demand, each growth period needs a large amount of water to meet the growth, the water-saving dry planting of the rice also needs to meet the water supply of different growth periods, the rice seeds are sowed at the bottom of the ditch, the soil is relatively moist, once the rice is subjected to effective rainfall, rainwater permeates into the soil and collects at the bottom of the ditch, the water holding capacity of the soil can be increased, the rice is ensured to sprout, the rice seedlings are germinated until the seedling stage obtains more water, the growth is promoted, and the key bottleneck is broken through;
2. the dry planting method of the rice combines the ditching technology with the seeding, and determines reasonable planting density and group structure according to the thousand seed weight and the germination rate of the rice variety;
3. the dry planting method of the rice realizes accurate ditching, rice seeds are directly sown at the ditch bottom, and moisturizing, rain collecting, water saving and drought resisting are realized after covering soil, so that the planting density is ensured, and the ditch distance can ensure that the rice seeding row distance is in a reasonable range;
4. the dry planting method can greatly improve the emergence rate and the rice yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of ditching structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing sowing of rice;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the sowing of rice;
in the figure, 1, groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description:
a method for dry-planting rice, comprising:
land preparation: ploughing the soil deeply by 30cm, insolating for 20-30d, and leveling and raking finely by a rotary cultivator.
Ditching: ditching 1 on the planting land, wherein the cross section of the ditch 1 is V-shaped, the maximum width is 20-22cm, the depth is 10-12cm, and the distance between the ditches 1 is 20-22 cm; every 10 ditches 1 are grouped, and the distance between the groups is 40cm to serve as a field management walkway; ditching is shown in figure 1; the V-shaped groove can ensure good planting density, rain collecting and moisturizing effects; the furrow distance is 20-22cm, so that the rice seeding row distance can be ensured to be in a reasonable range, the too-wide rice row distance is too large, the seeding is insufficient in basic seedlings, the too-narrow rice row distance is too small, and the rice is planted too densely; the depth of the ditch is 10-12cm, if the depth is too shallow, the covering soil is less after sowing, the covering soil layer is thin, the moisture retention is poor, the rice seed germination and emergence are not facilitated, if the depth is too deep, the ditch distance is increased during ditching, the rice sowing row distance is increased, and the sowing basic seedlings are insufficient
Sowing steps: seed treatment (coating) is carried out before sowing, and the bottom of the ditch is ensured to be wet during sowing; uniformly sowing rice seeds at the bottom of a ditch (drill sowing), wherein the sowing density is 15-25 grains/m, and covering soil of 3-5cm after sowing, as shown in figure 2; or uniformly sowing the rice seeds at the bottom of the ditch, wherein the sowing density is 3-4 grains/hole (hole sowing), and the hole distance is 15-20cm, as shown in figure 3; the seeding quantity per mu is too small, the basic seedlings are insufficient, the total spike number is small, the rice yield is not high, the seeding quantity per mu is too high, the basic seedlings are too many, a large amount of invalid spikes are generated, water and fertilizer are wasted, the population is too dense, the plant diseases and insect pests are easily induced, meanwhile, the seeding quantity is increased, the input cost is increased, and the production benefit is reduced;
covering soil of 3-5cm after sowing; in drought, the rice is easy to be drought due to the evaporation of soil water, seeds cannot germinate and emerge, the covering soil is larger than 5cm and thick, the rice seeds need to penetrate through a deeper soil layer when sprouting and emerging, rice buds become slender and are not beneficial to culturing strong seedlings;
managing in a growing period; the management in the growth period comprises at least one of fertilization, seedling raking, seedling supplementing, weeding and pest control.
Wherein, the fertilization is as follows: on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer, seed fertilizer is added, and additional fertilizer is applied by stages. The dry rice seeds are sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, and the required amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is large. 40kg of special compound fertilizer for rice and 1000kg of high-quality farmyard manure are applied in combination with land preparation per mu. The dry planting of the rice requires more soil moisture, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved and the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil can be improved by applying farmyard manure such as manure, animal manure and the like. The dry rice seeds are often lack of elements due to lack of iron and manganese, organic fertilizer can be supplied, the change of soil reaction can be buffered, the soil reducibility is increased, and the solubility of iron and manganese is improved, so that the rice seeds can be absorbed easily. The base fertilizer adopts a whole-process fertilizer application method, organic fertilizer is firstly applied, ploughed into soil, harrowed flat and then applied with surface base fertilizer, and the field surface is leveled. 15kg of compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied to each mu of land after leveling the land and when digging a pond and sowing. The top dressing mainly uses quick-acting fertilizer, the top dressing period and frequency are different according to climate and soil, and the top dressing can be carried out in tillering stage, jointing stage and heading stage in rainy season. For example, in rainy season, top dressing should be applied in the early stage (tillering stage), and leaf surface dressing should be applied in the later stage. The control of nitrogen fertilizer and the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are required to prevent lodging. The tillering fertilizer is applied in the rains or after rains when the leaves are 2 leaves and 1 heart to 3 leaves and 1 heart, 10kg of urea and 5kg of potash fertilizer are applied per mu, and early tillering is promoted to reach 16-18 ten thousand seedlings per mu. The node-pulling fertilizer can be applied before the young ear differentiation in the later tillering stage, and the urea is generally 5kg per mu to promote the big ear. In the heading and filling stage, the seedlings can be seen and the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer application amount is carefully controlled, generally 5kg of urea is applied to each mu before and after raining, or foliage dressing can be adopted in sunny days, 0.2kg of urea is added with 0.04kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu, and 20kg of water is added for spraying.
Wherein, hug the seedling and do: raking the seedlings when the emergence rate reaches 20-30%; the seedling filling is as follows: when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings are replanted by adopting a dense-shifting and thin-supplementing method in rainy days or cloudy days; the raking of the seedlings is to rake off a layer of thin soil by a small iron rake with thin teeth along the sowing width, which can help the seedlings to come out of the soil, keep the soil moisture and prevent and kill weeds. The seedlings should be checked in time after the dry seedlings of the rice.
Wherein, weeding is as follows: the rice is planted in dry land, so that the rice grows slowly in the early stage, the rice is often overgrown, particularly, the temperature is high, the rainwater is sufficient, weeds are easy to generate, and the growth and development of the rice are seriously influenced due to various kinds of weeds in the dry land. The strategy for preventing and removing the weeds of the dry rice seeds is as follows: chemical weeding is mainly adopted, and artificial weeding is assisted; chemical weeding is mainly carried out in soil sealing treatment 3-5 days after sowing before emergence of seedlings, and pesticide which does not have phytotoxicity to rice seedlings is selected to spray and weed after emergence of seedlings; the herbicide is mainly a broad-spectrum and mixed pesticide so as to achieve the purpose of removing both dry-borne and wet-borne weeds; the spraying is mainly used on the pesticide applying method. Among the soil treatment herbicides that may be selected are: acetochlor, butachlor, prometryn, benazolin and pretilachlor. The types of the herbicide for spraying after seedling are as follows: benzyl dichloride, propanil + bentazon, propanil + dipotassium tetrachlorosodium, cyhalofop-butyl, bispyribac-sodium, quinclorac, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and the like.
Wherein, the pest control is as follows: the diseases of the dry rice seeds mainly comprise rice blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight. The prevention and control key points are as follows: firstly, seeds are disinfected before sowing to eliminate germs carried by the seeds; secondly, the cultivation management is enhanced, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is avoided in the early and middle periods, and the disease resistance of plants is improved; thirdly, the medicament is adopted for preventing and treating in time at the early stage of the disease. The pests of dry-breeding rice mainly comprise underground pests such as mole cricket, grub, rice-root aphid and the like, and the above-ground pests comprise chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper and the like, and the pests are controlled by early discovery and early control.
Wherein the rice variety is at least one of Longbayouhuazhan, Proyouhuazhan, Jinglianyou 534 and Yexiangyou 9901. The growth period of the varieties is 130-150d, so that the ear sprouting and flower blooming of the rice within 10d after the summer season of 8 months can be ensured in the arid season of the mountainous area, the ear sprouting and flower blooming of the rice is finished before the cold exposure wind comes every year, and the low temperature is avoided, so that the normal pollination and fructification of the rice are ensured.
Example 1:
the test point of the small Magucun in the toe town of the county of Maguan is 4.8 mu in test area, the contrast is flat land broadcasting, the test point is processed into hole sowing and drill sowing, the contrast, hole sowing and drill sowing areas respectively account for one third, the rice seedling emergence is 5-8 days earlier than the contrast, the seedling emergence rate is 10% higher than the contrast, the number of tillers is 6.7 more, and the mature period is 2-3 days earlier. Through field actual harvest, the yield per mu is 223.5kg compared with that of the field, the yield per mu is 406.4kg compared with that of hole sowing, and the yield per mu is 182.9kg higher than that of the field; the yield per mu of the drill seeding is 393.3kg, which is 169.8kg higher than that of the control. The method is adopted to treat the seeds with precision, and the seed consumption per mu is 0.26kg less than that of the control.
Example 2:
the test point of the Hongshouke village in the dry river of the inkstone county has the test area of 9.9 mu, the contrast is flat land broadcasting, the test point is processed into hole sowing and drill sowing, the contrast, hole sowing and drill sowing areas respectively account for one third, the rice seedling emergence is 5-6 days earlier than the contrast, the seedling emergence rate is higher than 6 percent of the contrast, the tillering is 5.7 more, and the maturation stage is 2-3 days earlier. Through field actual harvest, the yield per mu is 206.6kg in comparison, the yield per mu is 388.2kg in hill planting, and the yield per mu is 181.6kg in comparison; the yield per mu of the drill seeding is 352.9kg, which is 146.3kg higher than that of the control. The method is adopted to treat the seeds accurately, so that the seed consumption per mu is 0.25kg less than that of a contrast.
Example 3:
the test point of Deqiangzhen lake-sea village in Wenshan city is 30.3 mu in test area, the contrast is flat land broadcasting, the test point is processed into hole sowing and drill sowing, the contrast, hole sowing and drill sowing areas respectively account for one third, the test result adopts furrow bottom direct sowing, the rice seedling emergence is 5-7 days earlier than the contrast, the seedling emergence rate is 8% higher than the contrast, 6.8 tillers are increased, and the mature period is 2-3 days earlier than the contrast. Through field actual harvest, the yield per mu is 197.3kg compared with that of the field, and the yield per mu is 412.8kg compared with that of the field by hole sowing, which is 215.5kg higher than that of the field by hole sowing; the yield per mu of the drill seeding is 376.4kg, which is 179.1kg higher than that of the control. The method is adopted to treat the seeds with precision, and the seed consumption per mu is 0.24kg less than that of the control.
Example 4:
the test point of the small Qu-Ding village in the flat and remote town of the inkstone county has the test area of 24.6 mu, the contrast is flat land broadcasting, the test point is processed into hole sowing and drill sowing, the contrast, hole sowing and drill sowing areas respectively account for one third, the test result adopts furrow bottom direct sowing, the rice seedling emergence is 5-7 days earlier than the contrast, the seedling emergence rate is higher than 8 percent of the contrast, 6.3 tillers are increased, and the mature period is 2-3 days earlier than the contrast. Through field actual harvest, the yield per mu is 167.9kg in contrast, the yield per mu is 353.5kg in hill planting, and the yield per mu is 185.6kg in contrast; the yield per mu of the drill seeding is 310.1kg, which is 142.2kg higher than that of the control. The method is adopted to treat the seeds with precision, and the seed consumption per mu is 0.25kg less than that of the control.
Example 5:
the test point of the inkstone county, dry river countryside and Hongshouke village has the test area of 40.9 mu, the contrast is flat land broadcasting, the test point is processed into hole sowing and drill sowing, the contrast, hole sowing and drill sowing areas respectively account for one third, the test result adopts furrow bottom direct sowing, the rice seedling emergence is 5-7 days earlier than the contrast, the seedling emergence rate is higher than 9% of the contrast, the tillering is more than 6.6, and the maturation stage is 2-3 days earlier than the contrast. Through field actual harvest, the yield per mu is 200.2kg compared with the control yield per mu, the yield per mu is 410.5kg compared with the control yield per mu in hole sowing, and the yield per mu is 210.3kg higher than the control yield per mu; the yield per mu of the drill seeding is 382.7kg, which is 182.5kg higher than that of the control. The method is adopted to treat the seeds with precision, and the seed consumption per mu is 0.26kg less than that of the control.
Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dry-planting rice, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
ditching: ditching on the planting land, wherein the cross section of the ditch is V-shaped, the maximum width is 20-22cm, the depth is 10-12cm, and the ditch distance is 20-22 cm; every 10 grooves form a group, and the distance between the groups is 40 cm;
sowing steps: uniformly sowing the rice seeds at the bottom of the ditch, wherein the sowing density is 15-25 grains/m, and covering 3-5cm of soil after sowing.
2. The method for dry-breeding of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice variety is at least one of Longyayouhuazhan, Proyouhuazhan, Jingliangyou534 and Yexiangyou 9901.
3. The dry planting method of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the ditching step, a soil preparation step is provided: ploughing the soil deeply by 30cm, insolating for 20-30d, and leveling and raking finely by a rotary cultivator.
4. The method for dry-planting of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing step: sowing rice seeds at the bottom of the ditch, wherein the sowing density is 3-4 grains/hole, the hole distance is 15-20cm, and covering soil 3-5cm after sowing.
5. The method for dry-planting of rice as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a growing period management step after the sowing step; the management in the growth period comprises at least one of fertilization, seedling raking, seedling supplementing, weeding and pest control.
6. The method for dry-planting rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fertilization comprises: the base fertilizer adopts a whole-process fertilization method, organic fertilizer is firstly applied, ploughed into soil, and then surface base fertilizer is applied after raking, and the field surface is leveled; applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers when the seed fertilizers are used for digging a pond and sowing after land leveling; topdressing is carried out at the tillering stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage.
7. The dry planting method of rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the topdressing at the tillering stage is to broadcast urea 10 kg/mu and potash fertilizer 5 kg/mu in light rain or after rain at 2 leaves 1 heart to 3 leaves 1 heart.
8. The dry planting method of rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the topdressing in the jointing stage is topdressing 5 kg/mu of urea before the young ear differentiation in the later stage of tillering.
9. The method for dry-planting paddy rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the topdressing at heading stage is carried out by applying urea 5 kg/mu before and after raining; or applying foliage dressing in sunny days, spraying urea 0.2 kg/mu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.04 kg/mu, and adding water 20 kg/mu.
10. The dry planting method of rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the raked seedlings are: raking the seedlings when the emergence rate reaches 20-30%; the seedling supplementing method comprises the following steps: when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the dense-transplanting and thin-supplementing method is adopted to supplement the seedlings in rainy days or cloudy days.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550348A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-07-11 | 黄璜 | Cultivation method for rice direct dibble seeding in wedged ditches |
| CN104813882A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for directly sowing and cultivating paddy rice in winter paddies in hilly mountain areas |
| CN109287412A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 云南农业大学 | Japonica Hybrid dry-land cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550348A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-07-11 | 黄璜 | Cultivation method for rice direct dibble seeding in wedged ditches |
| CN104813882A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for directly sowing and cultivating paddy rice in winter paddies in hilly mountain areas |
| CN109287412A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 云南农业大学 | Japonica Hybrid dry-land cultivation method |
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