CN114956910A - Formula and application method of special fertilizer for morchella esculenta - Google Patents
Formula and application method of special fertilizer for morchella esculenta Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956910A CN114956910A CN202011408459.7A CN202011408459A CN114956910A CN 114956910 A CN114956910 A CN 114956910A CN 202011408459 A CN202011408459 A CN 202011408459A CN 114956910 A CN114956910 A CN 114956910A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 20
- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000865570 Morchella vulgaris Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000235349 Ascomycota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001559692 Eriosema Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000899834 Obovaria olivaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001248610 Ophiocordyceps sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer formula for morchella and an application method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer formula comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, and the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 portions of carbon source 100-organic-inorganic mixed materials, 10-30 portions of nitrogen source, 1-10 portions of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 portions of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 portions of magnesium, 0.5-4 portions of sulfur, 2-8 portions of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 portion of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: and a second formula: 10-30 parts of nitrogen source, 1-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of sulfur fertilizer, 2-8 parts of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 part of triacontanol; the two topdressers with different formulas are applied at different growth periods of the morchella, so that the yield of the morchella can be greatly improved, the fruiting times of the morchella can be increased under the condition of proper temperature, a foundation is laid for high and stable yield of the morchella, and the market blank of the special fertilizer for the morchella is filled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of toadstool cultivation, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer formula for toadstool and an application method thereof.
Background
Morchella esculenta, also known as bamboo eriosema hainanensis, belongs to the kingdom of Ascomycotina, class of Discomycetes, order of Discomycetales, family of Morchellacaceae, and is named by its pileus surface with many small pits, which looks like Morchella esculenta. The morchella is the best-known delicious edible fungus in ascomycetes, and has delicious taste, unique flavor and quite rich nutrition; the morchella is determined to contain 20% of crude protein, 26% of crude fat, 38.1% of carbohydrate and 19 amino acids, wherein 8 amino acids essential to human bodies account for 47.47% of the total weight. Therefore, it is considered as "a very good protein source" and is also known as "meat in vegetable morchella". In addition, morchella was determined to contain at least 8 vitamins: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, hickory nut, biotin, folic acid and the like, the nutrient components of the morchella can be equivalent to cow milk, meat and fish meal, the morchella also contains a large amount of mineral elements necessary for human bodies, the content of potassium and phosphorus in each hundred grams of dry samples is 7 times and 4 times of that of cordyceps sinensis, and the content of zinc is 4.3 times of shiitake mushrooms and 4 times of hericium erinaceus; the iron content is 31 times of that of mushroom and 12 times of that of hericium erinaceus, so that the mushroom is internationally called one of the health foods. Meanwhile, the morchella esculenta also has the effects of enhancing the immunity of the organism, resisting fatigue and virus, inhibiting tumors, whitening and the like, and has very important medical value.
With the great improvement of living standard of people, the demand of people for morchella is more and more, and the demand of people for the daily use amount of morchella cannot be met only by the yield of wild morchella, so that the improvement of the per mu yield of morchella has important economic value, and the artificial cultivation becomes necessary; however, in the prior art, the field artificial cultivation of morchella esculenta still faces many problems, wherein the problems of low yield and low economic benefit of the artificially cultivated morchella esculenta are caused by the condition that the morchella esculenta cannot be topdressed and only one crop of mushrooms can grow, so that the development of the special fertilizer suitable for high and stable yield of the morchella esculenta is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special fertilizer formula for morchella and an application method thereof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, topdressing cannot be performed in the artificial cultivation process of morchella, only one crop of mushrooms can be produced, and high and stable yield cannot be achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the special fertilizer formula for the morchella comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, wherein the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 portions of carbon source 100-organic-inorganic mixed materials, 10-30 portions of nitrogen source, 1-10 portions of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 portions of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 portions of magnesium, 0.5-4 portions of sulfur, 2-8 portions of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 portion of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of nitrogen source, 1-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of sulfur fertilizer, 2-8 parts of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 part of triacontanol;
preferably, the carbon source is one of sucrose and glucose, the nitrogen source is any one of urea, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are one of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the sulfur fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer are magnesium sulfate, and the fulvic acid is organic fulvic acid.
An application method of a special fertilizer for morchella comprises the following steps:
step 1)
Uniformly applying the special fertilizer of the formula I to the farmland after the toadstool hypha grows full of the nutrition bag, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer of the formula I per mu is 70-100 jin;
step 2)
If no conidiospore exists on the ground after the morchella esculenta is picked, uniformly applying the special fertilizer for the formula I to the farmland, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 30-40 jin;
after the morchella is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, uniformly applying the special fertilizer for the formula II to a farmland, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula II per mu is 2-3 jin.
Preferably, the formula I used in the step 1) and the step 2) is diluted by 50-150 times with water and then applied by any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for the formula two used in the step 2) is diluted by 200-fold and 400-fold with water and then applied by any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application.
Preferably, the water used is clean and pollution-free tap water, groundwater or river water.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for formula one and the special fertilizer for formula two in the step 2) are applied at the ground temperature of 4-18 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the special fertilizer provided by the invention is reasonable in formula, is rich in organic matters and a large amount of trace element nutrients, does not contain other toxic and harmful substances, supplements nutrients required in the growth process of the morchella, can obviously improve the yield of the morchella, can produce mushrooms for many times and increase the number of fruiting stubbles of the morchella;
2. the application method of the special fertilizer with the formula is simple and reasonable, the top dressing with two different formulas is applied at different growth periods of morchella, the top dressing is applied twice after the morchella is overgrown and the morchella is picked up, and the application formula I or the application formula II is determined according to the existence of conidia on the ground after the morchella is picked up, so that the growth requirement of the morchella can be met;
3. the special fertilizer and the application method thereof provided by the invention can greatly improve the yield of the morchella, can increase the fruiting times of the morchella under the condition of proper temperature, and lay a foundation for high and stable yield of the morchella.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of the second round of Morchella in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The special fertilizer formula for the morchella comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, wherein the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of urea, 1 part of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of organic fulvic acid and 0.1 part of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of urea, 1 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of organic fulvic acid and 0.1 part of triacontanol;
application method of special fertilizer for morchella
Step 1)
After the toadstool hypha overgrows the nutrition bag, diluting the special fertilizer of the formula I by 50-150 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to the farmland by adopting any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the dosage of the fertilizer of one formula per mu is 70 jin;
step 2)
If no conidium exists on the ground after the morchella is picked, diluting the special fertilizer for the formula I by 50-150 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to a farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the using amount of the fertilizer for each mu of the formula is 30 jin;
after the morchella esculenta is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, the special fertilizer for the formula II is diluted by water by 200 times and 400 times, and then is uniformly applied to a farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula II per mu is 2 jin.
Example 2
The special fertilizer formula for the morchella comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, wherein the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 240 parts of cane sugar, 18 parts of urea, 4 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of organic fulvic acid and 0.2 part of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of urea, 4 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of organic fulvic acid and 0.2 part of triacontanol.
Application method of special fertilizer for morchella
Step 1)
After the morchella mycelium is full of the nutrition bag, diluting the special fertilizer of the formula I by 50-150 times with water, uniformly applying the special fertilizer into the farmland by adopting any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to the farmland, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer of the formula I per mu is 90 jin;
step 2)
If no conidium exists on the ground after the morchella is picked, diluting the special fertilizer for the formula I by 50-150 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to a farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 35 jin;
after the morchella esculenta is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, the special fertilizer for the formula II is diluted by water by 200 times and 400 times, and then is uniformly applied to a farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula II per mu is 2.7 jin.
Example 3
The special fertilizer formula comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, wherein the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of cane sugar, 30 parts of urea, 8 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of organic fulvic acid and 1 part of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of organic fulvic acid and 1 part of triacontanol;
application method of special fertilizer for morchella esculenta
Step 1)
After the toadstool hypha overgrows the nutrition bag, diluting the special fertilizer of the formula I by 50-150 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to the farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer of the formula I per mu is 100 jin;
step 2)
If no conidium exists on the ground after the morchella is picked, diluting the special fertilizer for the formula I by 50-150 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to a farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing application, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 40 jin;
after the morchella esculenta is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, the special fertilizer for the formula II is diluted by water by 200-fold and 400-fold, and then is uniformly applied to the farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing, wherein the dosage of the two fertilizers for each mu of formula is 3 jin.
The field test result is as follows:
test site: the Chengdu city is in a temperate river region, a new city region and a city river weir city;
test time: 10 months in 2019-2020 and 3 months;
the test method comprises the following steps: the test sets and the control sets are set in the test, each test set and the control set are arranged in different areas of the same field, the planting areas of the test sets and the control sets are respectively 0.5 mu and 0.5 mu of a warm river area of a metropolis in 2019 in 10 months and 5 days, 1 mu and 1 mu of a new urban area, 20 flat meters and 20 flat meters of a metropolis city, and the planting areas of the test sets and the control sets are respectively 1 mu and 1 mu of a warm river area of the metropolis in 2019 in 11 months and 10 days, 2 mu and 2 mu of a new urban area, and 20 flat meters of the metropolis city in 11 months and 2 months;
morchella is sown in two time periods of 5 days in 2019, 10 months and 10 days in 2019, 11 months and 9;
test groups: the special fertilizer of the embodiment 2 is adopted, and the special fertilizer is planted by a conventional field planting method, and the application method comprises the following steps: (1) after the toadstool hypha grows full of the nutrition bag, diluting the special fertilizer for the formula I by 100 times with water, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 90 jin; (2) if no conidium exists on the ground after morchella esculenta is picked, diluting the special fertilizer for the formula I by 100 times with water, and uniformly applying the special fertilizer to a farmland by adopting a spraying method, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 35 jin; after morchella esculenta is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, the special fertilizer for the formula two is diluted by water by 300 times, and then is uniformly applied to the farmland by adopting any one method of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula two per mu is 2.7 jin.
Comparison group: the special fertilizer is not applied when the conventional field planting method is adopted for planting;
and (3) test results:
seeding for the first time in 5 days in 10 months in 2019:
experimental groups: the method is characterized in that three morchella strains are harvested in total in 2019, 10 and 5 days, namely, a first morchella strain is harvested in 2019, 12 and 20 days to 2020, 1 and 5 days, a second morchella strain is harvested in 2020, 1 and 25 days to 2020, 2 and 10 days, 2020 and a third morchella strain is harvested in 2020, 3 and 5 days to 2020, 3 and 30 days, and the environmental temperature and the ground temperature are increased after the third morchella strain is harvested, so that the method is not suitable for culturing the morchella strains.
Control group: the morchella sown in 2019, 10 and 5 days is only harvested in 12 and 15 days in 2019 to 1 and 23 days in 2020;
seeding for the first time in 11 months and 10 days in 2019:
experimental groups: the method is characterized in that the toadstool sowed in 11, month and 10 in 2019 is harvested in two times in total, namely, the first toadstool is harvested from 1, month and 30 in 2020 and 2, month and 15 in 2020, and the second toadstool is harvested from 3, month and 1 in 2020 and 3, month and 25 in 2020, and after the second toadstool is harvested, the environmental temperature and the ground temperature are increased, so that the method is not suitable for culturing the toadstool any more.
Control group: the morchella sown in 11, 10 and 2019 is only harvested in a batch of morchella from 1, 22 and 2020 to 3, 5 and 2020;
the specific results are shown in the following table:
the first crop yield, the second crop yield and the third crop yield in the table are average values of the morchella output obtained by cultivation in three places, and the table shows that the morchella output of morchella in the same period after special fertilizer is applied is remarkably improved, the yield per mu can be improved by more than 60kg, and the number of fruiting crops is remarkably increased under the condition of proper temperature.
Claims (7)
1. The formula of the special fertilizer for morchella is characterized in that: the special fertilizer formula comprises a special fertilizer formula I and a special fertilizer formula II, wherein the special fertilizer formula I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of carbon source, 10-30 parts of nitrogen source, 1-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of magnesium, 0.5-4 parts of sulfur, 2-8 parts of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 part of triacontanol; the special fertilizer formula II comprises the following components in parts by weight: and a second formula: 10-30 parts of nitrogen source, 1-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.5-4 parts of sulfur fertilizer, 2-8 parts of fulvic acid and 0.1-1 part of triacontanol.
2. The special fertilizer formula for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon source is any one of sucrose and glucose, the nitrogen source is any one of urea, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are any one of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the sulfur fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer are magnesium sulfate, and the fulvic acid is organic fulvic acid.
3. The application method of the special fertilizer for morchella esculenta according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1)
Uniformly applying the special fertilizer of the formula I to the farmland after the toadstool hypha grows full of the nutrition bag, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer of the formula I per mu is 70-100 jin;
step 2)
If no conidium exists on the ground after the morchella is picked, uniformly applying the special fertilizer for the formula I to a farmland, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula I per mu is 30-40 jin;
after the morchella is picked, if conidia exist on the ground, uniformly applying the special fertilizer for the formula II to a farmland, wherein the dosage of the special fertilizer for the formula II per mu is 2-3 jin.
4. The application method of the special fertilizer for morchella esculenta according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the formula I used in the step 1) and the step 2) is diluted by 50-150 times with water and then applied by any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing.
5. The application method of the special fertilizer for morchella esculenta according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the special fertilizer for the formula II used in the step 2) is diluted by 400 times with water and then applied by any one of spraying, drip irrigation or flushing.
6. The application method of the special fertilizer for morchella vulgaris according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water used is clean and pollution-free tap water, underground water or river water.
7. The application method of the special fertilizer for morchella esculenta according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the special fertilizer for the formula I and the special fertilizer for the formula II in the step 2) are applied at the ground temperature of 4-18 ℃.
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| CN113265367A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Culture for rapidly obtaining morchella conidia and preparation method thereof |
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