CN107593279A - A kind of nutrient solution and hickory chick cultural method that promote sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed - Google Patents
A kind of nutrient solution and hickory chick cultural method that promote sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nutrient solution and hickory chick cultural method that promote sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed, the nutrient solution is made up of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulphate and deionized water.The present invention solves the problems, such as that the formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta in the artificial growth of hickory chick is few, and provide a kind of hickory chick cultural method, there is provided the more preferable growing environment of hickory chick using a kind of nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed.Increase the yield of hickory chick, improve the economic benefit of hickory chick artificial cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hickory chick technical field of cultivation, more particularly to a kind of nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed and
Hickory chick cultural method.
Background technology
Hickory chick is also known as sheep tripe mushroom, sheep liver dish, compiles large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim bacterium.Wild toadstool is distributed in China Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, green grass or young crops
The areas such as sea, Tibet, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Shanxi, Jilin, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Hebei, Beijing.Hickory chick is a kind of wild precious bacterium,
Due to its cap surface irregularity, shape such as sheep tripe, therefore named hickory chick.Hickory chick is that saddle Cordycepps morchella is rare
Food, the dual-purpose fungi of medicine, are incorporated in Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) already《Compendium of Materia Medica》In book.Hickory chick is foremost delicious food in sac fungus
Bacterium is eaten, 7 kinds of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine people are contained in its cap part
Body essential amino acid, it is sweet cold nontoxic, there are beneficial stomach, phlegm-eliminiating and qi-regulating drug effect.
The difficult point of two aspects be present in the artificial growth of hickory chick：1. the formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta, morchella is in ascus
Bacterium, ascus produce spore, sporogenesis mycelia, have mycelia normally just can form fructification, that is, small described in us
Mushroom.But hickory chick is pretty troublesome, the mycelia that researcher has found only to form yellow sclerotium can just grow up to hickory chick.And it is
Under the conditions of making life out of office, nor all mycelia all contain sclerotium；2. the control of hickory chick growth conditions, hickory chick is to growth
The requirement of environment is very high, morchella low temperature and high relative humidity type fungi, growth period length, in addition to relatively low temperature is needed, also wants the larger temperature difference, also
Enough oxygen etc. is needed, to stimulate mycelium to break up.
The country has the research much on artificial cultivation hickory chick to report at present, such as patent CN103202177A is disclosed
A kind of cultural method of hickory chick, is made up of following steps：Step 1：Field prepares：It is spaced grand railway carriage or compartment and ditching, the wide 90- in railway carriage or compartment face
110cm, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 20-30cm；Step 2：Hickory chick and wheat cultivation：Broadcast sowing 75-150kg/ mu hickory chick bacterium
Kind is in railway carriage or compartment face, then covers one layer of soil；Composite fertilizer is applied after watering；Apply composite fertilizer and broadcast sowing 2-5kg/ on the face of railway carriage or compartment again after 1-10 days
Mu wheat, cover sunshade net, 2-3 days/time of watering, step 3：Apply hickory chick growth promoter：35-45 days after wheat cultivation,
Railway carriage or compartment face applies hickory chick growth promoter；Step 4：Hickory chick fruiting adopts mushroom field management：Shelter from heat or light, water, railway carriage or compartment surface humidity 60-
80%；Step 5：Wheat field management：Weeding, top dressing.This method selects hickory chick and the method for wheat accompanying planting, and applies
Enter commercially available hickory chick growth promoter, hickory chick per mu yield only 204kg can be reached.
Based on above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is solved using a kind of nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed
The problem of formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta is few in the artificial growth of hickory chick, and a kind of hickory chick cultivating method is provided, there is provided hickory chick
More preferable growing environment.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the present invention is solved using a kind of nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed
The problem of formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta is few in the artificial growth of hickory chick, and a kind of hickory chick cultivating method is provided, there is provided hickory chick
More preferable growing environment.Increase the yield of hickory chick, improve the economic benefit of hickory chick artificial cultivation.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：
A kind of nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution is by urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sulphur
Sour magnesium, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulphate and deionized water composition.
For morchella in sac fungus, ascus produces spore, sporogenesis mycelia, has mycelia normally can just be formed sub real
Body, that is, the small mushroom described in us.But hickory chick is pretty troublesome, researcher has found only to form the bacterium of yellow sclerotium
Silk can just grow up to hickory chick.And under the conditions of wild, nor all mycelia all contain sclerotium.And the present patent application carries
For a kind of nutrient solution, the nutrient solution can promote the formation of sclerotium, overcome the problem of sclerotium generation is difficult in the prior art, improve
The yield of hickory chick.
Further, the nutrient solution for promoting sclerotium of morchella esculenta to be formed, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution is by following weight
The raw material of number is made：
Urea 5-10 parts
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5 parts
Magnesium sulfate 0.2-1.25 parts
Calcium chloride 2-5 parts
Ferrous sulfate 5-10 parts
Ferric sulfate 5-10 parts
Copper sulphate 5-10 parts
Deionized water 300-500 parts.
Preferably, each component parts by weight are in the nutrient solution：5 parts of urea, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate
0.3 part, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 10 parts of copper sulphate, 300 parts of deionized water.
The present invention has found that the quality influence of formation and formation of the environment on sclerotium is very big, particularly metal by studying
Formation and quality of the species and concentration of ion on sclerotium have and influenceed to some extent, can cause with the presence of some metal ions
Sclerotia forming is suppressed；There are some metal ions not influence or slightly increase sclerotium quantity in low concentration, press down during high concentration
The formation of sclerotium processed；And also have some to increase sclerotium volume in particular range, improve sclerotium quality.Ground through present invention experiment
Study carefully, finally give nutrient solution of the present invention, the formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta can be effectively promoted and improve the quality of sclerotium.
More preferable growing nutrient is provided for the cultivation of hickory chick, improves the yield and quality of hickory chick.
A kind of cultural method of hickory chick, it is characterised in that the cultural method comprises the following steps：
1）Planting material prepares：Take sucrose and uniform wheat to mix, mixture adds heating kettle, adds water, the mixture with it is described
The weight of water is than 1:1-1.5, heating are completely absorbed water, obtain planting material;
2）Compounding：Take urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulphate and go from
Sub- water is well mixed；
3）Soil treatment：The fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of soil is added in soil；
4）Sterilization：By step 1）The planting material of gained mixes with the soil obtained by step 3), and by compound, high temperature disappears at 120 DEG C
Poison 1 hour；
5）Sowing：By step 3）The soil that processing obtains, which is laid in culture dish, forms soil horizon, will be broadcasted sowing with hickory chick kind
In soil horizon, then one layer is covered by step 4）Obtained compound, composite fertilizer is applied after watering, then spray step 2）Nutrient solution；
6）Sclerotium grows：Culture dish is positioned over interior, shading, and controlling temperature daytime, night temperatures are controlled in 5-10 at 20-24 DEG C
DEG C, every 2-3 days spray waters, make indoor humidity control in 70%-85%, indoor holding ventilation；
7）Culture medium prepares and into mushroom：The ripe sclerotium for taking step 6) to obtain crushes, and it is thick uniformly to sandwich two layers of each 1-3cm up and down
Through step 3) treat soil among, obtain culture medium, to the culture medium water, make it completely by water penetration, culture medium
Water saturation but in immersion shape；The humidity 50-70% of the soil of the culture medium is kept, while keeps indoor temperature 16-20
DEG C, relative air humidity 75-85% is ripe to hickory chick.
The growth difficult point of hickory chick is that the formation of sclerotium and growing environment requirement are high, therefore, cultural method of the present invention
The formation of sclerotium is carried out using above-mentioned nutrient solution, and by the way that the soil of cultivation is adjusted, obtains fluffy there is moistening effect
Soil, the holding of offer and moisture beneficial to oxygen, meet the sufficient growth conditions of hickory chick high humidity and needs oxygen.And
The larger temperature difference is provided in cultivation, have stimulated mycelial differentiation, improves the growth rate of hickory chick.
Further, described cultural method, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：
Urea 5-10 parts
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5 parts
Magnesium sulfate 0.2-1.25 parts
Calcium chloride 2-5 parts
Ferrous sulfate 5-10 parts
Ferric sulfate 5-10 parts
Copper sulphate 5-10 parts
Deionized water 300-500 parts.
Preferably, described cultural method, it is characterised in that each component parts by weight are in the nutrient solution：Urea 5
Part, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 10 parts of copper sulphate,
300 parts of deionized water.
Further, the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of the soil is by water, urea, calcium chloride, acrylamide, copper sulphate, zinc sulfate
Formed with sodium acid carbonate.
Further, the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of the soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：
Water 1000-1500 parts
Urea 10-15 parts
Calcium chloride 5-7 parts
Acrylamide 3-5 parts
Copper sulphate 2-3 parts
Zinc sulfate 4-8 parts
Sodium acid carbonate 5-10 parts.
Preferably, the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of the soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：1000 parts of water, urea
5 parts of 15 parts, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of acrylamide, 2 parts of copper sulphate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate and sodium acid carbonate.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention：
1. nutrient solution of the present invention, the formation of sclerotium of morchella esculenta can be effectively promoted and improve the quality of sclerotium.For sheep
The cultivation of tripe bacterium provides more preferable growing nutrient, improves the yield and quality of hickory chick.
Cultural method of the present invention carries out the formation of sclerotium using above-mentioned nutrient solution, and by being adjusted to the soil of cultivation
Section, obtains the fluffy soil with moistening effect, the holding of offer and moisture beneficial to oxygen, meets hickory chick high humidity and needs
The sufficient growth conditions of oxygen, effectively raise the yield of hickory chick.
The present invention provides the larger temperature difference in cultivation, have stimulated mycelial differentiation, improves the growth rate of hickory chick.
Embodiment
To make technical scheme and main points clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further detailed
Description.
The following examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, therefore is only used as example, and can not
Limited the scope of the invention with this.
It should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical term or scientific terminology used in this application should be this hair
The ordinary meaning that bright one of ordinary skill in the art are understood.
Embodiment one：Nutrient solution 1 is prepared
Nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：5 parts of urea, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, chlorination
2 parts of calcium, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 10 parts of copper sulphate, 300 parts of deionized water.
Embodiment two：Nutrient solution 2 is prepared
Nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：10 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.25 parts of magnesium sulfate, chlorine
Change 5 parts of calcium, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulphate, 300 parts of deionized water.
Embodiment three：Nutrient solution 3 is prepared
Nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：8 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride 3
Part, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of ferric sulfate, 8 parts of copper sulphate, 500 parts of deionized water.
Example IV：Nutrient solution 4 is prepared
Nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：5 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride
5 parts, 10 parts of ferric sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulphate, 300 parts of deionized water.
Embodiment five：Nutrient solution 5 is prepared
Nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：8 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride 3
Part, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of ferric sulfate, 8 parts of manganese sulfate, 500 parts of deionized water.
Embodiment six：Hickory chick is cultivated
Cultural method comprises the following steps：
1）Planting material prepares：Take sucrose and uniform wheat to mix, mixture adds heating kettle, adds water, the mixture with it is described
The weight of water is than 1:1-1.5, heating are completely absorbed water, obtain planting material;
2）Compounding：Using nutrient solution in embodiment 1；
3）Soil treatment：Addition is by 1000 parts of water, 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of acrylamide, sulfuric acid in soil
The modifying agent of 5 parts of 2 parts of copper, 4 parts of zinc sulfate and sodium acid carbonate compositions；
4）Sterilization：By step 1）The planting material of gained mixes with the soil obtained by step 3), and by compound, high temperature disappears at 120 DEG C
Poison 1 hour；
5）Sowing：By step 3）The soil that processing obtains, which is laid in culture dish, forms soil horizon, will be broadcasted sowing with hickory chick kind
In soil horizon, then one layer is covered by step 4）Obtained compound, composite fertilizer is applied after watering, then spray step 2）Nutrient solution；
6）Sclerotium grows：Culture dish is positioned over interior, shading, and controlling temperature daytime, night temperatures are controlled in 5-10 at 20-24 DEG C
DEG C, every 2-3 days spray waters, make indoor humidity control in 70%-85%, indoor holding ventilation；
7）Culture medium prepares and into mushroom：The ripe sclerotium for taking step 6) to obtain crushes, and it is thick uniformly to sandwich two layers of each 1-3cm up and down
Through step 3) treat soil among, obtain culture medium, to the culture medium water, make it completely by water penetration, culture medium
Water saturation but in immersion shape；The humidity 50-70% of the soil of the culture medium is kept, while keeps indoor temperature 16-20
DEG C, relative air humidity 75-85% is ripe to hickory chick.
Embodiment seven：Hickory chick is cultivated
Cultural method comprises the following steps：
1）Planting material prepares：Take sucrose and uniform wheat to mix, mixture adds heating kettle, adds water, the mixture with it is described
The weight of water is than 1:1-1.5, heating are completely absorbed water, obtain planting material;
2）Compounding：Using nutrient solution in embodiment 2；
3）Soil treatment：Addition is by 1500 parts of water, 10 parts of urea, 7 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of acrylamide, sulfuric acid in soil
The modifying agent of 10 parts of 3 parts of copper, 8 parts of zinc sulfate and sodium acid carbonate compositions；
4）Sterilization：By step 1）The planting material of gained mixes with the soil obtained by step 3), and by compound, high temperature disappears at 120 DEG C
Poison 1 hour；
5）Sowing：By step 3）The soil that processing obtains, which is laid in culture dish, forms soil horizon, will be broadcasted sowing with hickory chick kind
In soil horizon, then one layer is covered by step 4）Obtained compound, composite fertilizer is applied after watering, then spray step 2）Nutrient solution；
6）Sclerotium grows：Culture dish is positioned over interior, shading, and controlling temperature daytime, night temperatures are controlled in 5-10 at 20-24 DEG C
DEG C, every 2-3 days spray waters, make indoor humidity control in 70%-85%, indoor holding ventilation；
7）Culture medium prepares and into mushroom：The ripe sclerotium for taking step 6) to obtain crushes, and it is thick uniformly to sandwich two layers of each 1-3cm up and down
Through step 3) treat soil among, obtain culture medium, to the culture medium water, make it completely by water penetration, culture medium
Water saturation but in immersion shape；The humidity 50-70% of the soil of the culture medium is kept, while keeps indoor temperature 16-20
DEG C, relative air humidity 75-85% is ripe to hickory chick.
Control experiment
Experimental group 1：Hickory chick cultivates a
Using the cultural method of embodiment six.
Experimental group 2：Hickory chick cultivates b
It is identical with embodiment six using nutrient solution in embodiment 2, other cultural methods.
Experimental group 3：Hickory chick cultivates c
It is identical with embodiment six using nutrient solution in embodiment 4, other cultural methods.
Embodiment 4：Hickory chick cultivates d
It is identical with embodiment six using nutrient solution in embodiment 5, other cultural methods.
Blank group：Do not apply nutrient solution, other cultural methods are identical with embodiment six.
Show that the yield and quality of embodiment 1 is optimal according to cultivation result, i.e., using nutrient solution in embodiment 1, obtain
Sclerotium of morchella esculenta is formed at most and sclerotium dry weight is maximum, secondly effect preferably experimental group 2, compared with blank group, its sheep tripe
Bacterium Sclerotia forming is more and sclerotium dry weight is also bigger.And experimental group 3 and 4, its effect are poorer than blank group effect, i.e. hickory chick
Sclerotia forming is less compared with blank group, illustrates that experimental group 3,4 is inhibited using formation of the nutrient solution to sclerotium of morchella esculenta,
The influence that the content concn of composition is formed to sclerotium of morchella esculenta in nutrient solution is very big.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme, it all should cover among the claim of the present invention and the scope of specification.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of promote sclerotium of morchella esculenta formed nutrient solution, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution by urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
Magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulphate and deionized water composition.
2. nutrient solution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：
Urea 5-10 parts
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5 parts
Magnesium sulfate 0.2-1.25 parts
Calcium chloride 2-5 parts
Ferrous sulfate 5-10 parts
Ferric sulfate 5-10 parts
Copper sulphate 5-10 parts
Deionized water 300-500 parts.
3. nutrient solution according to claim 2, each component parts by weight are in the nutrient solution：5 parts of urea, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
0.5 part of hydrogen potassium, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 10 parts of copper sulphate, deionized water
300 parts.
4. a kind of cultural method of hickory chick, it is characterised in that the cultural method comprises the following steps：
1）Planting material prepares：Take sucrose and uniform wheat to mix, mixture adds heating kettle, adds water, the mixture with it is described
The weight of water is than 1:1-1.5, heating are completely absorbed water, obtain planting material;
2）Compounding：Take urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulphate and go from
Sub- water is well mixed；
3）Soil treatment：The fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of soil is added in soil；
4）Sterilization：By step 1）The planting material of gained mixes with the soil obtained by step 3), and by compound, high temperature disappears at 120 DEG C
Poison 1 hour；
5）Sowing：By step 3）The soil that processing obtains, which is laid in culture dish, forms soil horizon, will be broadcasted sowing with hickory chick kind
In soil horizon, then one layer is covered by step 4）Obtained compound, composite fertilizer is applied after watering, then spray step 2）Nutrient solution；
6）Sclerotium grows：Culture dish is positioned over interior, shading, and controlling temperature daytime, night temperatures are controlled in 5-10 at 20-24 DEG C
DEG C, every 2-3 days spray waters, make indoor humidity control in 70%-85%, indoor holding ventilation；
7）Culture medium prepares and into mushroom：The ripe sclerotium for taking step 6) to obtain crushes, and it is thick uniformly to sandwich two layers of each 1-3cm up and down
Through step 3) treat soil among, obtain culture medium, to the culture medium water, make it completely by water penetration, culture medium
Water saturation but in immersion shape；The humidity 50-70% of the soil of the culture medium is kept, while keeps indoor temperature 16-20
DEG C, relative air humidity 75-85% is ripe to hickory chick.
5. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution by following parts by weight raw material system
Into：
Urea 5-10 parts
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5 parts
Magnesium sulfate 0.2-1.25 parts
Calcium chloride 2-5 parts
Ferrous sulfate 5-10 parts
Ferric sulfate 5-10 parts
Copper sulphate 5-10 parts
Deionized water 300-500 parts.
6. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that each component parts by weight are in the nutrient solution：Urine
5 parts of element, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, copper sulphate 10
Part, 300 parts of deionized water.
7. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of soil by water, urea,
Calcium chloride, acrylamide, copper sulphate, zinc sulfate and sodium acid carbonate composition.
8. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of soil is by following weight
The raw material of number is made：
Water 1000-1500 parts
Urea 10-15 parts
Calcium chloride 5-7 parts
Acrylamide 3-5 parts
Copper sulphate 2-3 parts
Zinc sulfate 4-8 parts
Sodium acid carbonate 5-10 parts.
9. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the fluffy nourishing and moisturizing agent of soil is by following weight
The raw material of number is made：1000 parts of water, 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of acrylamide, 2 parts of copper sulphate, zinc sulfate 4
5 parts of part and sodium acid carbonate.
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| CN114956910A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-30 | 成都农业科技职业学院 | Formula and application method of special fertilizer for morchella esculenta |
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