CN111771613A - Bed cultivation method for pleurotus eryngii - Google Patents
Bed cultivation method for pleurotus eryngii Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771613A CN111771613A CN202010694052.9A CN202010694052A CN111771613A CN 111771613 A CN111771613 A CN 111771613A CN 202010694052 A CN202010694052 A CN 202010694052A CN 111771613 A CN111771613 A CN 111771613A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii, which comprises the steps of constructing a cultivation bed, selecting and processing culture materials and strains, cultivating hyphae after blanking, cultivating mushrooms after covering soil on a ridge bed and managing in a later period. The culture material is mixed with the strains, so that the strains are distributed in the whole culture material, the strains are more favorable for germination when hyphae are cultured, the culture method has simple process, does not use bags and is easy to implement, the working efficiency is greatly improved in the production process, and the culture method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation.
Background
The pleurotus eryngii, also called pleurotus eryngii, has the advantages of fleshy and tender mushroom, particularly compact, solid, milky and refreshing stipe tissues, is called as pleurotus ostreatus king and dried oyster mushroom, has the fragrance of the almond and the taste of the abalone, is suitable for fresh-keeping and processing, is deeply popular with people, is rich in nutrition, is rich in protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and the like, can improve the immunologic function of a human body, has the effects of resisting cancer, reducing blood fat, lubricating intestines and stomach, beautifying and the like on the human body, and has extremely high cultivation value and commercial value.
The production development of pleurotus eryngii is fast in recent years, the conventional production process is adopted in the production of pleurotus eryngii at present, the conventional process is complex, and the problems of long production period, many manual operation links, poor benefit and the like exist despite continuous improvement in recent years, so that the conventional pleurotus eryngii production process is simplified and improved, the labor productivity and the biological conversion rate are improved, the production period is shortened, the pollution is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of pleurotus eryngii edible fungi cultivation is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the bed cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii, which can simplify the cultivation process flow, improve the utilization rate, moderate annual pleurotus eryngii production, improve the working efficiency, improve the yield of pleurotus eryngii edible fungi and is suitable for industrial, intensive and large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii comprises the steps of construction of a cultivation bed, selection and treatment of compost and strains, hypha cultivation after blanking, cultivation and fruiting after soil covering of a ridge bed and later-stage management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the construction method of the cultivation bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a site and a greenhouse: selecting a place with good ventilation and drainage, and establishing a greenhouse with the height of 3.5-4 m, the length of 20-40 m and the width of 20-30 m as a protection facility of the cultivation bed;
(2) soil preparation and ridge bed building: the method comprises the following steps of clearing up a cultivation field, building three layers of bed frames, wherein the first layer of bed frame is a foundation bed with a ploughing depth of 20-25 cm and a width of 80-90 cm, humus soil with a thickness of 3-4 cm is paved on the foundation bed, the second layer of bed frame is 80-85 cm above the foundation bed, the third layer of bed frame is 70-80 cm above the second layer of bed frame, the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame are both 25-30 cm in depth and 80-85 cm in width, humus soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottoms of the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame, the length of the bed frame is 16-38 m, the distance between two ends of the bed frame and a greenhouse is 1-2 m, the distance between the left end and the right end of the bed frame is 1-1.5 m, and then;
(3) disinfecting and insect preventing: spraying 2-3% of quicklime diluent in the ridge bed and around the edge of the ridge bed for disinfection, spraying 0.3-0.5% of LP green insecticide diluent for insect killing and ant prevention, and spraying 0.05% of low-toxicity phoxim around the ridge bed and the surrounding environment for prevention and control;
the culture material and strain selection and treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting culture materials and strains: selecting a culture material with normal color and no peculiar smell, selecting a culture species of pleurotus eryngii with no pollution and strong hypha activity as a strain, and breaking the strain into fungus blocks with the size of corn kernels for later use;
(2) mixing culture materials and strains: mixing the culture material and the strain according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
the method for culturing hyphae after blanking comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: respectively paving the mixture on the humus soil in each bed, wherein the paving thickness is 10-15 cm;
(2) hypha culture: flattening the material surface after the material is fed, slightly compacting, trimming into a turtle back type with a slightly higher middle part, covering a dark plastic film, and pricking a plurality of small holes on the plastic film to increase fresh air to promote early hypha growth;
the method for cultivating and fruiting the farmland beds after earthing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) covering soil: after hyphae grow on the mixture of each bed, opening the covered dark plastic film, covering a humus layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the surface of the whole bed, and spraying water to the covered humus layer until the humus layer is thoroughly wet;
(2) and (3) fruiting management: when a large amount of hypha and mushroom buds appear on the soil layer of the bed, mainly ventilating and humidifying, harvesting when the pileus of the pleurotus eryngii on the humus soil layer of the bed is flat, the middle of the pleurotus eryngii is concave, the surface of the pleurotus eryngii has slight fluff and spores are not ejected, and harvesting head tide mushrooms;
the post-management method comprises the following steps:
the post-management method comprises the following steps: and harvesting pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, immediately cleaning the bed surface, stopping water spraying, keeping the fungi for 6-8 days, starting hyphae in the ridge bed to germinate, then spraying water on a soil layer covered by the ridge bed until the soil layer is thoroughly wetted, and then managing until fruiting is achieved.
Preferably, the construction method of the ridge bed comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of digging bases with the depth of 40-45 cm and the width of 20-25 cm on two sides of each foundation bed, filling solid bricks and pouring cement to construct a foundation, then building pillars with the length of 190 x 390mm and the height of 2.4-2.5 m on the bases by using hollow bricks with the length of 390 x 190mm, wherein the distance between the two pillars on each side is 2-3 m, fixing fiber cement plates with the length of 4-5 m, the width of 1-1.2 m and the thickness of 6-8 mm at 0.85-0.95 m of the pillars to construct a substrate of a second layer of the rectangular pieces of bed, and fixing fiber cement plates with the length of 3-5 m, the width of 1-1.2 m and the thickness of 6-8 mm at 1.7-2.1 m of the pillars to construct a substrate of a third layer of rectangular pieces of bed.
The culture material is prepared by the following method: the corn cob, the cottonseed hull and the wheat bran are weighed according to the proportion by taking 40% of corn cob, 50% of cottonseed hull and 10% of wheat bran in percentage by weight as raw materials, added into a mixing yard, mixed and fermented for 12-15 h.
Preferably, when the culture material is fermented, the water content is controlled to be 65-70%, the pH value is 6-6.5, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
Preferably, in the hypha growth stage, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%, the space environment is controlled to be at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 80-85%.
Preferably, in the hypha growth stage, the pH value of the mixture is controlled to be 6.5-7, and the pH value in the fruiting period is controlled to be 6-6.5.
Preferably, a pH regulator is selected for controlling the pH value, and the pH regulator is a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 1.5-2%.
Preferably, the cultivation environment after the hyphae and the mushroom buds are unearthed is ventilated, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, illumination of 500-800 lux is provided, and direct irradiation of strong light is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the culture material disclosed by the invention is loose and good in air permeability, and is mixed with the strains, so that the strains are distributed in the whole culture material, and the germination of the strains and the feeding of the strains are facilitated when the hyphae are cultured.
2. According to the invention, humus soil is laid above and below the bed, and various microbial metabolites and rich nutritional ingredients generated in the humus soil provide balanced nutrition for the growth of pleurotus eryngii, so that the conversion rate of hyphae is improved, the growth speed of the pleurotus eryngii is high, and the time to market is accelerated.
3. The method adopts the bed cultivation, can provide sufficient water and oxygen, has better environmental affinity, can obviously accelerate the growth speed of hypha and sporocarp, has moderate growth cycle of the pleurotus eryngii, good appearance and high yield, and greatly increases the economic benefit of the pleurotus eryngii.
4. According to the invention, the citric acid solution is used as the pH regulator, and the citric acid is an organic acid, so that the taste of the pleurotus eryngii can be improved.
5. The cultivation method has the advantages of simple process, no need of bagging the culture materials, easy implementation, greatly improved working efficiency in the production process, and suitability for industrial, intensive and large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Embodiment 1 method for constructing ridge bed
The construction method of the ridge bed comprises the following steps: a base with the depth of 40-45 cm and the width of 20-25 cm is dug at two sides of each foundation bed, a foundation is constructed by filling solid bricks and pouring cement, then pillars with the length of 190 x 390mm and the height of 2.47m are built on the base by hollow bricks with the length of 390 x 190mm, the distance between the two pillars at each side is 3m, fiber cement plates with the length of 3.19m, the width of 90cm and the thickness of 8mm are fixed at 0.85m of the pillars to construct a base plate of a second layer of the foundation bed, and fiber cement plates with the length of 3.39m, the width of 1.1m and the thickness of 8mm are fixed at 1.9m of the pillars to construct a base plate of a third layer of the foundation bed.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of pH modifier
The preparation method of the pH regulator comprises the following steps: weighing 15.23-20.41 g of citric acid, and dissolving in 1000ml of water to form a 1.5-2% citric acid solution.
Example 3 compost preparation method
The culture material is prepared by the following method: the corn cob, the cottonseed hull and the wheat bran are weighed according to the proportion by taking 40% of corn cob, 50% of cottonseed hull and 10% of wheat bran in percentage by weight as raw materials, the raw materials are added into a mixing yard for mixing and stirring, the water content is controlled to be 68%, the pH value is 6.5, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 15 hours, and the pH value is adjusted by spraying 1.5-2% of citric acid solution.
Examples 4 to 6 take the place where the wind is good and the water can be drained in the new eastern village of the new town of the southern irrigated county as an example, the bed cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii is carried out, and the bed built in the implementation 1, the pH regulator prepared in the implementation 2 and the culture material prepared in the implementation 3 are selected.
Example 4
The bed cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii comprises the steps of constructing a cultivation bed, selecting and processing culture materials and strains, cultivating hyphae after blanking, cultivating mushrooms after covering soil on a ridge bed and managing in a later period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the construction method of the cultivation bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a greenhouse: establishing a greenhouse with the height of 3.8m, the length of 30m and the width of 24m as a protection facility of the cultivation bed;
(2) soil preparation and ridge bed building: cleaning a cultivation field, building three layers of bed frames, wherein the first layer of bed frame is a foundation bed with a ploughing depth of 22cm and a ploughing width of 82cm, humus soil with a thickness of 3.3cm is paved on the foundation bed, the second layer of bed frame is 85cm above the foundation bed, the third layer of bed frame is 80cm above the second layer of bed frame, the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame are both 30cm in depth and 80cm in width, humus soil with a thickness of 10cm is paved at the bottoms of the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame, the length of the bed frame is 27m, the distance between two ends of the bed frame and a greenhouse is 1.2m, the distance between the left side and the right side of the bed frame is 1m, and the bed frame is aire;
(3) disinfecting and insect preventing: spraying 2.6% of quicklime diluent in the ridge bed and around the ridge bed for disinfection, 0.4.3% of LP green insecticide diluent for disinsection and ant prevention, and spraying 0.05% of low-toxicity phoxim around the ridge bed and the surrounding environment for prevention and treatment;
the culture material and strain selection and treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting culture materials and strains: selecting a culture material with normal color and no peculiar smell, selecting a culture species of pleurotus eryngii with no pollution and strong hypha activity as a strain, and breaking the strain into fungus blocks with the size of corn kernels for later use;
(2) mixing culture materials and strains: mixing the culture material and the strain according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
the method for culturing hyphae after blanking comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: respectively paving the mixture on the humus soil in each bed, wherein the paving thickness is 15 cm;
(2) hypha culture: after finishing feeding, flattening the material surface, slightly compacting, trimming into a turtle-back type with a slightly higher middle part, covering a dark plastic film, and pricking a plurality of small holes on the plastic film to increase fresh air to promote early hypha growth, wherein in the hypha growth stage, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%, the space environment temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 80-85%;
the method for cultivating and fruiting the farmland beds after earthing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) covering soil: after the mixture of each bed is full of hypha, the covered dark plastic film is lifted, a humus layer with the thickness of 4.3cm is covered on the surface of the whole bed, and water is sprayed on the covered humus layer until the humus layer is thoroughly wet;
(2) and (3) fruiting management: when a large amount of hyphae and mushroom buds appear on the soil surface of the bed, the ventilation is enhanced, the ventilation and humidification are mainly used, the cultivation environment is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, the cultivation environment is illuminated with 500-800 lux and the direct irradiation of strong light is avoided, the pleurotus eryngii is harvested when the cap of the pleurotus eryngii on the humus soil surface of the bed is flat, the middle of the pleurotus eryngii is concave, the surface of the pleurotus eryngii is slightly fluffy, and spores are not ejected yet, and head tide mushrooms are harvested;
the post-management method comprises the following steps:
the post-management method comprises the following steps: and harvesting pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, immediately cleaning the bed surface, stopping water spraying, cultivating fungi for 8 days in a living mode, enabling hyphae in the ridge bed to start to germinate, then spraying water on a soil layer covered by the ridge bed until the soil layer is thoroughly wet, and managing until fruiting is achieved.
Example 5
The bed cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii comprises the steps of constructing a cultivation bed, selecting and processing culture materials and strains, cultivating hyphae after blanking, cultivating mushrooms after covering soil on a ridge bed and managing in a later period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the construction method of the cultivation bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a greenhouse: establishing a greenhouse with the height of 3.8m, the length of 30m and the width of 24m as a protection facility of the cultivation bed;
(2) soil preparation and ridge bed building: the method comprises the following steps of clearing up a cultivation field, building three layers of bed frames, wherein the first layer of bed frame is a foundation bed with a ploughing depth of 22cm and a ploughing width of 82cm, humus soil with a thickness of 3.4cm is paved on the foundation bed, the second layer of bed frame is 85cm above the foundation bed, the third layer of bed frame is 80cm above the second layer of bed frame, the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame are both 30cm in depth and 80cm in width, humus soil with a thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottoms of the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame, the bed frame surface is trimmed into a turtle back shape with a slightly higher middle part, the length of the bed frame is 27m, the distance between two ends of the bed frame and a greenhouse is 1.2m, the distance between the left layer of the bed frame;
(3) disinfecting and insect preventing: spraying 2.6% of quicklime diluent in the ridge bed and around the ridge bed for disinfection, 0.4.3% of LP green insecticide diluent for disinsection and ant prevention, and spraying 0.05% of low-toxicity phoxim around the ridge bed and the surrounding environment for prevention and treatment;
the culture material and strain selection and treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting culture materials and strains: selecting a culture material with normal color and no peculiar smell, selecting a culture species of pleurotus eryngii with no pollution and strong hypha activity as a strain, and breaking the strain into fungus blocks with the size of corn kernels for later use;
(2) mixing culture materials and strains: mixing the culture material and the strain according to the weight ratio of 10:1.51, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
the method for culturing hyphae after blanking comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: respectively paving the mixture on the humus soil in each bed, wherein the paving thickness is 15 cm;
(2) hypha culture: after finishing feeding, flattening the material surface, slightly compacting, trimming into a turtle-back type with a slightly higher middle part, covering a dark plastic film, and pricking a plurality of small holes on the plastic film to increase fresh air to promote early hypha growth, wherein in the hypha growth stage, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%, the space environment temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 80-85%;
the method for cultivating and fruiting the farmland beds after earthing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) covering soil: after the mixture of each bed is full of hypha, the covered dark plastic film is lifted, a humus layer with the thickness of 3.5cm is covered on the surface of the whole bed, and water is sprayed on the covered humus layer until the humus layer is thoroughly wet;
(2) and (3) fruiting management: when a large amount of hyphae and mushroom buds appear on the soil surface of the bed, the ventilation is enhanced, the ventilation and humidification are mainly used, the cultivation environment is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, the cultivation environment is illuminated with 500-800 lux and the direct irradiation of strong light is avoided, the pleurotus eryngii is harvested when the cap of the pleurotus eryngii on the humus soil surface of the bed is flat, the middle of the pleurotus eryngii is concave, the surface of the pleurotus eryngii is slightly fluffy, and spores are not ejected yet, and head tide mushrooms are harvested;
the post-management method comprises the following steps:
the post-management method comprises the following steps: and harvesting pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, immediately cleaning the bed surface, stopping water spraying, cultivating fungi for 7 days in a living mode, enabling hyphae in the ridge bed to start to germinate, then spraying water on a soil layer covered by the ridge bed until the soil layer is thoroughly wet, and managing until fruiting is achieved.
Example 6
The bed cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii comprises the steps of constructing a cultivation bed, selecting and processing culture materials and strains, cultivating hyphae after blanking, cultivating mushrooms after covering soil on a ridge bed and managing in a later period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the construction method of the cultivation bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a greenhouse: establishing a greenhouse with the height of 3.8m, the length of 30m and the width of 24m as a protection facility of the cultivation bed;
(2) soil preparation and ridge bed building: the method comprises the following steps of clearing up a cultivation field, building three layers of bed frames, wherein the first layer of bed frame is a foundation bed with a ploughing depth of 22cm and a ploughing width of 82cm, humus soil with a thickness of 3.8cm is paved on the foundation bed, the second layer of bed frame is 85cm above the foundation bed, the third layer of bed frame is 80cm above the second layer of bed frame, the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame are both 30cm in depth and 80cm in width, humus soil with a thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottoms of the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame, the bed frame surface is trimmed into a turtle back shape with a slightly higher middle part, the length of the bed frame is 27m, the distance between two ends of the bed frame and a greenhouse is 1.2m, the distance between the left layer of the bed frame;
(3) disinfecting and insect preventing: spraying 2.6% of quicklime diluent in the ridge bed and around the ridge bed for disinfection, 0.4.3% of LP green insecticide diluent for disinsection and ant prevention, and spraying 0.05% of low-toxicity phoxim around the ridge bed and the surrounding environment for prevention and treatment;
the culture material and strain selection and treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting culture materials and strains: selecting a culture material with normal color and no peculiar smell, selecting a culture species of pleurotus eryngii with no pollution and strong hypha activity as a strain, and breaking the strain into fungus blocks with the size of corn kernels for later use;
(2) mixing culture materials and strains: mixing the culture material and the strain according to the weight ratio of 10:2, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
the method for culturing hyphae after blanking comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: respectively paving the mixture on the humus soil in each bed, wherein the paving thickness is 15 cm;
(2) hypha culture: after finishing feeding, flattening the material surface, slightly compacting, trimming into a turtle-back type with a slightly higher middle part, covering a dark plastic film, and pricking a plurality of small holes on the plastic film to increase fresh air to promote early hypha growth, wherein in the hypha growth stage, the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%, the space environment temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 80-85%;
the method for cultivating and fruiting the farmland beds after earthing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) covering soil: after the mixture of each bed is full of hypha, the covered dark plastic film is lifted, a humus layer with the thickness of 3.1cm is covered on the surface of the whole bed, and water is sprayed on the covered humus layer until the humus layer is thoroughly wet;
(2) and (3) fruiting management: when a large amount of hyphae and mushroom buds appear on the soil surface of the bed, the ventilation is enhanced, the ventilation and humidification are mainly used, the cultivation environment is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, the cultivation environment is illuminated with 500-800 lux and the direct irradiation of strong light is avoided, the pleurotus eryngii is harvested when the cap of the pleurotus eryngii on the humus soil surface of the bed is flat, the middle of the pleurotus eryngii is concave, the surface of the pleurotus eryngii is slightly fluffy, and spores are not ejected yet, and head tide mushrooms are harvested;
the post-management method comprises the following steps:
the post-management method comprises the following steps: and harvesting pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, immediately cleaning the bed surface, stopping water spraying, cultivating fungi for 6 days in a living mode, enabling hyphae in the ridge bed to start to germinate, then spraying water on a soil layer covered by the ridge bed until the soil layer is thoroughly wet, and managing until fruiting is achieved.
Comparative example
In the comparative example, CN201610721056.5 is selected and cultivated by the method of example 3, and the method for planting pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:
(1) semi-fermented cultivation material: the following components are mixed by weight: 30% of sawdust consisting of elm sawdust and locust sawdust in a weight ratio of 1:2, 20% of straw consisting of wheat straw and corn straw in a weight ratio of 1:1, 20% of bran, 7% of cottonseed hull, 2% of corn flour, 2% of cane sugar, 1% of gypsum, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10% of leaves and 5% of corncobs, crushing and uniformly mixing the materials, then adding water to enable the water content of a culture medium to be 55-60%, adding 3.3% of fermentation strains, performing semi-fermentation to obtain a fermentation material, wherein the semi-fermentation condition is 30 ℃ and the time is 12 hours;
(2) manufacturing a cultivation bag: curling the sponge into a barrel shape or a spiral shape, sewing the curled sponge by using cotton threads, sealing one end of the curled sponge, filling cotton into the sealed position, adding the prepared fermentation material into the sponge, filling the other end of the sponge into the cotton by using the same method, and sealing the other end of the sponge, wherein the weight of the whole cultivation bag is controlled to be 2.5-3 kg, and the sponge for manufacturing the cultivation bag has the length of 55cm, the width of 55cm and the thickness of 1 cm;
(3) and (3) sterilization and cooling: pasteurizing the prepared cultivation bag, and then cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃;
(4) inoculating and culturing: inoculating pleurotus eryngii strains, and culturing in dark place; culturing in dark at 26 deg.C and 70% humidity for 35 days, and pH 7, culturing under illumination at 16 deg.C and 90% humidity for 20 days, illuminating for 800 lux, removing the seal after 20 days, and taking out cotton;
(5) harvesting head tide mushrooms: harvesting when the length of the fruiting body of the pleurotus eryngii is 8-13 cm and the mushroom cover is 4-6 cm;
(6) harvesting two-tide mushrooms: sterilizing the culture bag, supplementing water and nutrient solution consisting of 98.4% of water, 0.35% of urea, 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of yeast extract, 0.4% of pig manure and 0.2% of gypsum according to the following weight ratio, ventilating, performing illumination culture, and harvesting after secondary-tide mushrooms grow out.
Effects of the embodiment
The yield and quality of pleurotus eryngii planted by the bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii of the above examples 4 to 6 and the bagged cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii of the comparative example were compared, the growth and conversion rate of hyphae were compared, and the production cycle of pleurotus eryngii was compared, and the results are as follows:
from the above table, the pleurotus eryngii produced by the bed cultivation method disclosed by the invention is tested and planted, the hyphae grow fast, the conversion rate is high, the yield of the pleurotus eryngii is improved, the yield of the pleurotus eryngii is increased, the yield of the pleurotus eryngii obtained by using the pleurotus eryngii cultivation material per square meter is more than 93kg, the lengths of the pleurotus eryngii stems are regular, the colors are consistent, the quality of pleurotus eryngii meat is high, and the production period of the pleurotus eryngii cultivated by the method is short.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating and not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all modifications or partial substitutions should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii is characterized by comprising the steps of constructing a cultivation bed, selecting and processing culture materials and strains, cultivating hyphae after blanking, cultivating mushrooms after covering soil on a ridge bed and managing in a later period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the construction method of the cultivation bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a site and a greenhouse: selecting a place with good ventilation and drainage, and establishing a greenhouse with the height of 3.5-4 m, the length of 20-40 m and the width of 20-30 m as a protection facility of the cultivation bed;
(2) soil preparation and ridge bed building: the method comprises the following steps of clearing up a cultivation field, building three layers of bed frames, wherein the first layer of bed frame is a foundation bed with a ploughing depth of 20-25 cm and a width of 80-90 cm, humus soil with a thickness of 3-4 cm is paved on the foundation bed, the second layer of bed frame is 80-85 cm above the foundation bed, the third layer of bed frame is 70-80 cm above the second layer of bed frame, the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame are both 25-30 cm in depth and 80-85 cm in width, humus soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottoms of the second layer of bed frame and the third layer of bed frame, the length of the bed frame is 16-38 m, the distance between two ends of the bed frame and a greenhouse is 1-2 m, the distance between the left end and the right end of the bed frame is 1-1.5 m, and then;
(3) disinfecting and insect preventing: spraying 2-3% of quicklime diluent in the ridge bed and around the edge of the ridge bed for disinfection, spraying 0.3-0.5% of LP green insecticide diluent for insect killing and ant prevention, and spraying 0.05% of low-toxicity phoxim around the ridge bed and the surrounding environment for prevention and control;
the culture material and strain selection and treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting culture materials and strains: selecting a culture material with normal color and no peculiar smell, selecting a culture species of pleurotus eryngii with no pollution and strong hypha activity as a strain, and breaking the strain into fungus blocks with the size of corn kernels for later use;
(2) mixing culture materials and strains: mixing the culture material and the strain according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
the method for culturing hyphae after blanking comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: respectively paving the mixture on the humus soil in each bed, wherein the paving thickness is 10-15 cm;
(2) hypha culture: flattening the material surface after the material is fed, slightly compacting, trimming into a turtle back type with a slightly higher middle part, covering a dark plastic film, and pricking a plurality of small holes on the plastic film to increase fresh air to promote early hypha growth;
the method for cultivating and fruiting the farmland beds after earthing comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) covering soil: after hyphae grow on the mixture of each bed, opening the covered dark plastic film, covering a humus layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the surface of the whole bed, and spraying water to the covered humus layer until the humus layer is thoroughly wet;
(2) and (3) fruiting management: when a large amount of hypha and mushroom buds appear on the soil layer of the bed, mainly ventilating and humidifying, harvesting when the pileus of the pleurotus eryngii on the humus soil layer of the bed is flat, the middle of the pleurotus eryngii is concave, the surface of the pleurotus eryngii has slight fluff and spores are not ejected, and harvesting head tide mushrooms;
the post-management method comprises the following steps:
the post-management method comprises the following steps: and harvesting pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, immediately cleaning the bed surface, stopping water spraying, keeping the fungi for 6-8 days, starting hyphae in the ridge bed to germinate, then spraying water on a soil layer covered by the ridge bed until the soil layer is thoroughly wetted, and then managing until fruiting is achieved.
2. A bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the bed is as follows: the method comprises the steps of digging bases with the depth of 40-45 cm and the width of 20-25 cm on two sides of each foundation bed, filling solid bricks and pouring cement to construct a foundation, then building pillars with the length of 190 x 390mm and the height of 2.4-2.5 m on the bases by using hollow bricks with the length of 390 x 190mm, wherein the distance between the two pillars on each side is 2-3 m, fixing fiber cement plates with the length of 4-5 m, the width of 1-1.2 m and the thickness of 6-8 mm at 0.85-0.95 m of the pillars to construct a substrate of a second layer of the rectangular pieces of bed, and fixing fiber cement plates with the length of 3-5 m, the width of 1-1.2 m and the thickness of 6-8 mm at 1.7-2.1 m of the pillars to construct a substrate of a third layer of rectangular pieces of bed.
3. The method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii in a bed according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is prepared by the following method: the corn cob, the cottonseed hull and the wheat bran are weighed according to the proportion by taking 40% of corn cob, 50% of cottonseed hull and 10% of wheat bran in percentage by weight as raw materials, added into a mixing yard, mixed and fermented for 12-15 h.
4. A bed cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 3, wherein during cultivation material fermentation, the water content is controlled to be 65-70%, the pH value is 6-6.5, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
5. The method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii by bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%, the temperature of the space environment is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air is controlled to be 80-85% in the hypha growth stage.
6. The method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii by bed according to claim 5, wherein the pH value of the mixture is controlled to be 6.5-7 and the pH value of the mixture in the fruiting period is controlled to be 6-6.5 in the hypha growth stage.
7. The method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii in a bed as claimed in claim 3 or 5, wherein a pH regulator is selected for controlling the pH value, and the pH regulator is a citric acid solution with a mass fraction of 1.5-2%.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation environment after the mycelia and the mushroom buds are unearthed is ventilated, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is controlled to be 85-90%, the cultivation environment is illuminated with 500-800 lux light, and the direct irradiation of strong light is avoided.
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| CN115039634A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 李�杰 | Indoor mushroom planting method and special fertilizer spreading device thereof |
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