JPH02199091A - Production of liquid fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain liquid fertilizer containing inorganic and organic nutritive components and plant hormone, etc., in a low cost by sterilizing aerated solution of waste solution of unrefined soy of Japanese distilled spirit, subjecting to lactic acid fermentation by adding lactic acid bacteria, adjusting to specific pH value by adding acid, boiling and filtering. CONSTITUTION:A waste solution of unrefined soy of Japanese distilled spirit is aerated by blowing of air or oxygen gas and resultant aerated solution is sterilized by heating. On the other hand, milk or soy milk is inoculated and fermented with keeping at 30-40 deg.C to produce yogurt-like seed water. The seed water is added to the sterilized waste solution of unrefined soy of Japanese distilled spirit and subjected to lactic acid fermentation with keeping at 30-40 deg.C, then resultant fermentation-finished solution is adjusted to pH<=4 by addition of mineral acid or organic acid. Then, the solution is subjected to dissolving treatment by boiling and treated solution is filtered to afford the aimed liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer contains inorganic component such as nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium and organic component such as amino acid, nucleic acid or fatty acid for growth of plant and plant hormone such as cytokinin, glucan or mannan and glucide or glycoprotein, etc., effective for growth-acceleration of plant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention uses shochu moromi waste liquid as a raw material, and contains chemical components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are nutritional sources for plant growth, and organic components such as amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, as well as organic components such as amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids. The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid fertilizer containing plant hormones such as cytokinin, glucan, and mannan, carbohydrates, and glycoproteins that are effective in promoting growth.

In recent years, the declining fertility of farmland has become a problem in Japan.

Decreased soil fertility in farmland is caused by a lack of organic matter in the soil. In Japan, agriculture has been practiced in harmony with nature since ancient times. In ancient times, it began with slash-and-burn agriculture, in which rotten plants and fallen leaves were ploughed into the fields.
This farming method, which involved making and utilizing fertile compost from manure and manure, was preserved until the mid-Showa period.

However, with the recent spread of abundant petroleum resources and chemical fertilizers, agriculture that has been cultivated in harmony with nature has transformed into chemical agriculture, which is more human-oriented in terms of economy and labor-saving, and the result is the decline in soil fertility that we see today. This results in a decrease in productivity and deterioration in quality.

Based on these lessons, in order to improve soil fertility, it is best to follow the example of the past and fertilize farmland with plants and various organic substances. However, the traditional method of fertilizing with organic matter is not only labor-intensive, but it is also becoming difficult to obtain organic matter suitable for return to farmland, making it difficult to accept in Japan today. As a way to reduce the labor burden of fertilizing organic matter, rather than applying solid organic matter,
It is best to dissolve it in water to make it into a liquid and spray it with a water sprayer.

Liquid fertilizers are better suited for this kind of spreading work, but most of the liquid fertilizers available in Japan are made by dissolving chemical fertilizers such as potassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate in water. However, there are only a few that are made mainly of organic matter.

The inventors of the present invention believe that, considering the soil fertility problem and agricultural environment in Japan today, the role of liquid fertilizers mainly composed of organic matter will be the most important issue in achieving improvement of soil fertility and labor saving in agricultural work. In anticipation of this, we have been researching methods to produce liquid fertilizer from various organic materials. As a result, shochu moromi waste liquid is used as a raw material to produce nitrogen, phosphorus, and nutrients that are a source of nutrients for plant growth.
We manufacture fertile liquid fertilizers that contain chemical components such as potassium, organic components such as amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, plant hormones such as cytokinin, glucan, and mannan, which are effective in promoting plant growth, carbohydrates, and glycoproteins. succeeded in doing so.

Shochu moromi waste liquid is the porridge-like distillation residue that is excreted when distilling the roasted moromi, which is made by fermenting potatoes, wheat, rice, etc., during the production of shochu. This waste liquor contains various organic substances and yeast bacteria that contributed to brewing and fermentation as residues, and in view of its organic properties, it is an organic substance that is suitable for use as liquid fertilizer. However, in order to utilize moromi waste liquid as fertilizer, its perishable biochemical properties pose a problem.

Organic fertilizers are concerned with their physical and chemical properties as fertilizers, and in particular, it is important that they have biochemically stable properties. The reason for this is that if the organic matter as a fertilizer component is biochemically biodegradable organic matter (easily decomposable organic matter), when it is applied, the easily decomposable organic matter will be rapidly decomposed by the involvement of microorganisms in the soil. In the process, oxygen in the soil is consumed, resulting in negative effects such as hindering the growth of plant roots. Most of the root rot diseases that tend to occur after applying organic fertilizers are due to such factors.

Shochu moromi waste liquid contains a large amount of easily decomposable organic matter, so it is a highly perishable substance. Therefore, in order to utilize shochu moromi waste liquid as liquid fertilizer, it is important to first improve the biochemical stability of the moromi waste liquid. Therefore, we started developing a method to biochemically stabilize the shochu moromi waste liquid as the first condition for producing liquid fertilizer from the waste liquid. As a result of intensive research, we discovered that the storage stability of shochu moromi waste liquid can be significantly improved if a suitable amount of air is blown into the waste shochu moromi liquid to oxidize it, then inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and fermented with lactic acid.

The principle behind this improvement in preservability is that easily decomposable organic matter (
Mainly poly-Ii and mono-Ii) are decomposed by lactic acid fermentation, and the lower fatty acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.) produced by this series of fermentations develop bactericidal properties of the liquid, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria. This is due to the fact that

Furthermore, from these studies, new efficacy of lactic acid fermentation was discovered. Its efficacy is that a large amount of cytokinin, glucan, and mannan are produced in the fermentation liquid after lactic acid fermentation of the waste liquid.

Cytokinin is a type of plant growth hormone and is well known as a cell division promoting substance. The representative substance is kinetin, and there are many kinetin-like substances, and this group of substances is collectively called cytokinin.

The action of cytokinin is to promote cell division in plants, suppress leaf aging, and maintain the green color of leaves. Generally, cytokinins are produced in plant roots and are sent to the leaves along with other nutrients through the sieve tubes. Therefore, if plant roots are healthy and cytokinin production is active, aging of the leaves will be suppressed and the leaves will remain fresh and green forever. In other words, in order to maintain the green color of the leaves and prevent them from aging, it is important to maintain a high concentration of cytokinin in the leaves.

To achieve this, it is necessary to grow healthy plant roots where cytokinin is produced, and to actively provide cytokinin from the outside as a functional nutrient for plant growth.

Glucans and mannans are carbohydrates that make up the cell walls of plant cells. Glucan has a molecular weight of 2.2 to 2.5
It is a polymer substance similar to IO'Dalton's glucose polymer. Also, mannan has a molecular weight of 2.7 to 5.4
It is a Dalton polysaccharide, and most of it exists as a complex glycoprotein of mannan and protein combined with protein.

These glucans and mannans surround cell membranes as cell wall substances, give cells shape and rigidity, and also contain various enzymes, phosphate esters, and proteins, and play important roles in substance permeation and recognition reactions between cells. . In particular, the side chain structure of mannan is thought to determine the antigen on the cell surface.

In addition to the development of organic fertilizers, the present inventors have been researching the effects of cell wall substances present in the epidermis of plant roots on plant growth.From this series of studies, we have discovered that glucans and mannans have been found to be functional in enhancing plant immunity. discovered that it is a substance. In other words, if you collect a diseased plant with yellowed lower leaves and observe the state of root development, you will notice that in a healthy plant, root development and
While fine hairy roots in particular develop well, many diseased plants suffer from root rot and lose their vitality.

If you look at rotten plant roots under a microscope, you will find that the root cells, which are thickly covered with a translucent agar-like substance, have melted and disappeared, or have become thin and thin. When we measured the amount of glucan and mannan attached to the cell walls of these plant roots, we found that 11 were found in diseased plants and 11 in healthy plants.
It was found to be less than 15 to 1/10.

The cell wall substance present in the epidermis of plant root cells surrounds the cell membrane and allows the uptake of nutrients from the outside, but it also plays the role of blocking the entry of harmful factors into the cell. Root rot of plant roots is often caused by the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria in an anaerobic soil environment, but especially in such cases, plant decomposing enzymes (mainly cellulases) produced by anaerobic bacteria are Root rot progresses by melting and exhausting the roots.

In healthy plant roots, the cell wall material in the epidermis is thick, so plant substance degrading enzymes produced by anaerobic bacteria are blocked by cell wall materials such as glucan and mannan, so they do not easily dissolve the cell membrane. However, diseased plants have low amounts of glucan and mannan, so they are easily dissolved.

Furthermore, the present inventors sprayed a diluted solution of glucan and mannan, which are cell wall substances, on the roots of plants in a diseased state.
When the healing effect was tested, the healing effect was observed in all plant roots to which the diluted glucan and mannan solution was applied, and the progress of root rot was improved, resulting in healthy plants. Under these circumstances, the role of cell wall substances present in the epidermis of plant roots is extremely important, and it can be considered that the presence of cell wall substances such as glucan and mannan influences the epidemic prevention properties of plant tissues.

Cytokinin, glucan, and mannan substances are substances that exist in plant roots, but they are also contained in yeast strains, and they are called yeast cellulose and yeast gum and are present in the cell wall of the bacterial strain. However, yeast cannot be easily separated even by mechanical crushing because its cell wall structure is very strong. Recently, a cell wall-dissolving enzyme called dimolyase was discovered, and it became possible to dismantle cell walls using this enzyme, but it was not suitable for industrial use because it was a special enzyme, expensive, and difficult to mass-produce. . Under these circumstances, the method discovered by the present inventors, in which shochu moromi waste liquid is produced by lactic acid fermentation, is revolutionary as a method for obtaining cytokinin, glucan, and mannan substances in large quantities and at low cost.

The method of the present invention created from the above research is as follows.

It is produced using shochu moromi waste liquor as a raw material and through the following steps. It contains chemical components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that serve as nutritional sources for plant growth, organic components such as amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, and plants. A method for producing liquid fertilizer containing plant hormones such as cytokinin, glucan, and mannan, carbohydrates, and glycoproteins that are effective in promoting growth.

(a) After aerating the waste liquid of shochu by blowing air or oxygen gas into it, the aerated liquid is heated and sterilized.

(b) Inoculate lactic acid bacteria into milk or soy milk and raise the liquid temperature to 30~30
Ferment it while keeping it in the 40℃ range to make yogurt-like seed water.

(c) Apply the operation (a) to the waste moromi liquid sterilized by the operation (a).
Add the seed water made by b) and lower the temperature of the liquid to 30~
Lactic acid fermentation is carried out while maintaining the temperature in the 40°C range.

(d) adding a mineral acid or an organic acid to the fermented product of step (c) to adjust it to P114 or less, and then boiling and dissolving it;
The treated liquid is filtered through a filter paper or the like to separate and remove solid matter in the fermented product, and the filtrate is used as liquid fertilizer.

The shochu moromi waste liquid as used in the present invention refers to the porridge-like distillation residue that is excreted when distilling the roasted moromi made by fermenting potatoes, barley, rice, etc. during the production of shochu. The type of shochu moromi waste liquid is not particularly limited, and any fermentation waste liquid obtained by fermenting rice, barley, potatoes, buckwheat, millet, chestnuts, etc. as raw materials may be used.

The purpose of blowing air or oxygen gas into the shochu moromi waste liquid is to oxidize and decompose easily oxidizable substances in the shochu moromi waste liquid, and the amount and time of the blowing are not particularly limited.

The type of lactic acid bacteria, the amount of inoculation, and the inoculation method used in the present invention are not particularly limited. Other substances, such as I!, can also be used to improve lactic acid fermentation. It is free to add substances such as vitamins, minerals, salts, and acid-alkali substances.

The mineral acid and organic acid added to the fermented product in step (d) of the present invention are intended to facilitate the melting process of the fermented product (especially yeast), but they are usually produced during the lactic acid fermentation process. This role can be fulfilled by organic acids. However, when the production amount is small, it is recommended to adjust the PI to 14 or less based on the PH value. The type of acid used at this time is not particularly limited, and may be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or an organic acid such as citric acid.

The filtration operation performed in step (d) of the present invention is to remove suspended matter and solid matter from the fermentation liquid.This operation can be performed using the filter paper method or ultrafiltration as long as the suspended matter and solid matter can be removed from the fermentation liquid. Any method such as centrifugation may be used.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a liquid fertilizer that is fertile and has good workability, but its effectiveness is greater than that of conventional liquid fertilizers that mainly consist of chemical fertilizers.
(nucleic acids, fatty acids, tidal substances, glycoproteins, plant hormones, etc.)
Since it contains fertilize, diluting it with water and applying it to farmland improves the soil and improves its fertility, thereby improving the productivity and quality of agricultural products.

Until now, soil fertilizer science has been based on mineral theory, and in this theory, the role of plant roots is
It is an organ that allows plants to stand on a fixed platform called soil, and the idea was that only inorganic fertilizer components were absorbed mechanically. However, this way of thinking cannot scientifically explain the decline in soil fertility and the role of a fertile soil environment.

The present inventors believe that a fertile soil environment plays an important role in the absorption of nutrients by plants, and have endeavored to elucidate its function. The following physiological functions have been clarified.

Originally, plant roots have the ability to absorb various nutritional sources, both inorganic and organic, and the physiological metabolism of plant roots is not limited to nutrient absorption, but also secretes carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, etc. from the roots. ing. Numerous soil microorganisms thrive around plant roots, using various organic substances secreted from the roots as a source of nutrients. Soil microorganisms secrete amino acids, nucleic acids, organic acids, and vitamins, which are absorbed by plant roots as nutritional sources for plants.

Soil microorganisms secrete a wide variety of amino acids, including glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine, valine, proline, lysine, methionine, and arginine. These amino acids are important nutritional sources for the formation of plants and promote the growth of plant tissues (roots, stems, leaves, fruits). According to mineral theory, it was thought that only inorganic components are selectively absorbed by plants, but this problem has recently been solved with the help of carbon isotopes (
It has become clear from the results of plant physiology research using C.14) as a labeling substance that it is directly absorbed.

Therefore, amino acids present in the soil and secreted by microorganisms are directly absorbed by plant roots, and play an important role in plant growth and yield.

The relationships between plant roots and soil microorganisms vary; some are beneficial while others are harmful.

Beneficial microorganisms do not attack roots or inhibit plant growth, but harmful microorganisms can secrete enzymes that dissolve roots or infect roots with toxins that can cause plant cell death. In other words, a healthy soil environment or a diseased soil environment is determined by whether beneficial or harmful bacteria living in the soil are dominant.

In particular, the expression of disease depends on the density of pathogens and the fertile environment of the soil, and at least in order for plants to develop disease, it is necessary for pathogens to be above a certain value (minimum density of infected seedlings).
Diseases do not develop in a soil environment with a small number of pathogenic bacteria, and creating such a soil environment is the basis for improving soil fertility.

Based on the recent plant physiology as described above, N-P
− Compared to conventional chemical farming methods based on the three fertilizer elements,
It is easily understood that organic farming, in which fertilization is achieved by applying various organic substances, is superior in improving soil fertility. However, it is preferable to apply organic matter that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, and it is better to apply rotten matter or fermented stabilized substances rather than directly applying human excrement, which is easily putrefied. .

The liquid fertilizer produced by the present invention achieves biochemical stabilization of organic matter through lactic acid fermentation, and the various organic matter produced through this fermentation is directly absorbed as nutrients, promoting plant growth, and contains glucan, mannan, cytokinin, etc. Through the involvement of functional substances and plant hormones, it can preserve plant roots and promote growth, demonstrating excellent multifunctional fertilizing effects that cannot be obtained with conventional fertilizers.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

Example: Shochu moromi waste liquid was obtained from a shochu factory and was approximately 1 m long. When the waste moromi liquor was aerated for two days while blowing air at a rate of about 10 OL per minute, the putrid odor characteristic of the waste liquor disappeared, and the color changed from cloudy to yellowish white. After heating this aeration liquid with a gas fire and sterilizing it, Bacillus aci is added to the milk.
Add 200L of seed water made by inoculating Dophilus bacteria and fermenting for 3 days while keeping at 35℃, mix well,
Lactic acid fermentation was carried out for 5 days while maintaining at 35°C.

Sulfuric acid was added to this lactic acid fermented product to adjust it to P)14 or less, and then it was boiled over high heat and then passed through a pressure filter to remove solids in the fermented product, and the filtrate was used as liquid fertilizer.

In order to identify the fertile components of this liquid fertilizer, first, the supernatant liquid (from which solids have been removed) of the incineration-resistant waste liquid (undiluted solution),
The results of chemical analysis of the liquid fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention were as shown in Table 1.

As can be understood from the results of this analysis, the liquid fertilizer produced by the present invention has a high content of organic fertilizer components such as amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, and in particular, the contents of cytokinin, glucan, and mannan are affected by the effects of cold air on the undiluted solution. Japanese grass, which tends to wither when exposed to water, also dies dozens of times more often than with clear liquid.

According to the above method, N-
A highly fertilizing liquid fertilizer containing PK, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, plant hormones, carbohydrates, and glycoproteins can be easily produced.

For reference, when we actually tested the effectiveness of liquid fertilizer made with natural fertilizer on farmland, we found that it was effective for root vegetables such as radish, carrots, potatoes, and onions, fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, and watermelons, Chinese cabbage, Holenz-1 Komatsuna, Nozawana,
The growth conditions of leafy vegetables such as barberries were better than those using regular chemical fertilizers, and the crops were especially tasty, and there was no problem with continuous cropping, which is a problem when growing tomatoes and eggplants. . In addition, when used in front of the lawn at a golf course, the growth of the grass improved by more than twice the normal rate (as confirmed by the amount of grass cut), and it also stopped the root rot disease that occurs in the grass, especially during the rainy season. Instead, they were able to maintain their fresh green color.

Table 1 Swamp "Tomoe's history H direct (m=f supernatant liquid of moromi waste liquid) moisture Total amount of nitrogen Total amount of phosphoric acid Total potash Total organic matter Total pressure quantity Organic acid amount 4% 37% 11% 17% 24% 95% 34% Hydrogen ion concentration total amino acids total nucleic acid Glucan Mannan cytokinin PH4,8 1,32g/L O.02g/l 0114g/L 0.17g/KL L to O002μν c) Boat bow according to the present invention] moisture Total amount of nitrogen Total amount of phosphoric acid Total potash Total organic matter Total pressure quantity Organic acid amount 3% 67% 24% 18% 24% 95% 84% Hydrogen ion concentration total amino acids total nucleic acid Glucan Mannan cytokinin P) (3,6 2,72g/L O, 08g/L O, 86g/KL O, 62g/Kl.

0.43μg/KL

Claims (1)

[Claims] It is manufactured using shochu moromi waste liquid as a raw material and through the following steps. It contains chemical components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are nutritional sources for plant growth, and amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids. A method for producing liquid fertilizer containing organic ingredients, plant hormones such as cytokinin, glucan, and mannan, carbohydrates, and glycoproteins that are effective in promoting plant growth. (a) After aerating the waste liquor of shochu by blowing air or oxygen gas into it, the aerated liquor is heated and sterilized. (b) Inoculate lactic acid bacteria into milk or soy milk and raise the liquid temperature to 30~30
Ferment it while keeping it in the 40℃ range to make yogurt-like seed water. (c) Apply the operation (a) to the waste moromi liquid sterilized by the operation (a).
Add the seed water made by b) and lower the temperature of the liquid to 30~
Lactic acid fermentation is carried out while maintaining the temperature in the 40°C range. (d) Add a mineral acid or an organic acid to the fermented product in step (c) to adjust the pH to 4 or less, then boil it to dissolve it, and filter the treated liquid with filter paper to remove solids in the fermented product. It is separated and removed, and the filtrate is used as liquid fertilizer.