CN111492940A - Special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492940A CN111492940A CN202010433888.3A CN202010433888A CN111492940A CN 111492940 A CN111492940 A CN 111492940A CN 202010433888 A CN202010433888 A CN 202010433888A CN 111492940 A CN111492940 A CN 111492940A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and provides a preparation method of the special substrate, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production and cultivation. The tomato soilless culture substrate provided by the invention is prepared by adding beneficial bacteria into fine slag, grass carbon, fermented chicken manure, rice hull and needle mushroom residue fermentation materials, vermiculite or perlite according to a certain proportion. The invention has the advantages that the tomato growth environment is improved, the fertility is improved, and nutrient elements are provided for cultivated plants; not only expands the application range of organic waste materials, but also reduces the production cost of the matrix and improves the technical content of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production and cultivation.
Background
At present, most of tomato cultivation in China is soil cultivation. Most of tomato soil cultivation has the problems of more soil-borne diseases and lower tomato fruit quality. In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in tomato cultivation and improve the fruit quality, a special soilless culture substrate for tomatoes needs to be found.
Soilless culture is a novel culture mode. The soilless culture can better improve the yield of crops and can better control the growth and the nutrition supply of plants. According to the provision of the society of soilless culture, soilless culture is available in which natural soil, a substrate or no substrate is used, a nutrient solution is used for irrigating the root system of a plant, or other methods are used.
In the prior art, materials such as turf, vermiculite, perlite and coconut husk are mostly adopted as substrates for soilless culture, but the turf is expensive and the cost of the substrates is high, and the substrates prepared from the materials also need additional fertilization to ensure the growth of economic crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that most of tomato soil cultivation has a lot of soil-borne diseases and tomato fruits are low in quality in the prior art, the invention provides a special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and a preparation method.
The special substrate for soilless culture of the tomatoes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 30-60 parts of rice hull and mushroom residue fermentation material, 10-20 parts of fermented chicken manure, 10-30 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 10-30 parts of fine slag, 10-20 parts of grass carbon and 0-0.2% of multi-element compound fertilizer.
The rice hull and mushroom residue fermentation material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the rice hulls and the pig manure according to the volume ratio of 3:2, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-60%, adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio to 28-30:1, adding an aerobic fermentation microbial agent, keeping for 7 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; then aging for more than 35 days to obtain a rice hull fermentation material;
(2) uniformly mixing the rice hull fermented material and the mushroom residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 40-45% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 10-15:1, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature above 60 ℃ for a week, then turning and stacking, and turning and stacking again at the temperature exceeding 60 ℃ in the period; the mixture is cooled to below 35 ℃ and the water content is about 35 percent, so as to obtain the rice hull and mushroom residue fermented material.
Wherein the fermented chicken manure is prepared by the following method: crushing straws, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 2:8, and adjusting the water content of a mixture to 55-60%; adding an aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature above 55 ℃ for 5 days, and turning and throwing until the fermentation temperature is reduced and the mixture has no odor to obtain the fermented chicken manure.
Wherein the fermentation bacteria agent is aerobic fermentation bacteria agent which is trichoderma or/and EM fermentation bacteria.
Wherein the dosage of the oxygen-consuming zymocyte agent is 0.1-0.3wt% of the fermentation substrate.
Wherein, the carbon nitrogen ratio is adjusted by adopting a phosphoric acid-ammonium solution.
Wherein, after the substrate special for the soilless culture of the tomatoes is mixed and prepared, beneficial bacteria are added.
Wherein the beneficial bacteria are one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, paecilomyces lilacinus and the like, and the dosage of the beneficial bacteria is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the matrix.
The rice hull is a product after rice processing, contains rich cellulose, lignin and silicon dioxide, has a carbon-nitrogen ratio as high as 75:1, and is difficult to ferment. Pig manure is a product of the pig raising process; the pig manure is directly used without treatment, is easy to generate fever and burn seedlings, and is also easy to transmit parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. And thus must be disposed of for use.
According to the invention, rice hulls and pig manure are mixed and fermented, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to ensure the microbial activity, meanwhile, the water content is set, and during high-temperature fermentation, the pig manure retts straws, which also make the pig manure harmless.
The needle mushroom dregs are the products in the production of needle mushrooms, contain rich protein and nutrient elements, and are rare organic materials. Meanwhile, the needle mushroom residues contain a large amount of fungal spores, so that mushrooms are easy to grow when the needle mushroom residues are not used, and the agricultural production is influenced.
The invention changes the simple raw material mixing and common fermentation in the prior art into two-step fermentation, firstly adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content, and aerobically ferments the pig manure and the straws at high temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of non-poisoning the pig manure and retting the rotten straws. After aging, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content are adjusted again, and the mixture is mixed with mushroom residue for high-temperature aerobic fermentation again, so that the fermentation quality is improved, and the fermentation time is shortened.
Detailed Description
Raw materials: fermented products of rice hulls and needle mushroom residues, fine slag after salt washing (EC value of 0.37), fermented chicken manure, grass carbon, vermiculite or perlite.
(1) Rice hull and needle mushroom residue fermentation material:
a, uniformly mixing rice hulls and pig manure according to a volume ratio of 3:2, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-60%, adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio to 28-30:1, and adding aerobic zymophyte (the using amount is 0.15% of the weight of the mixture). Performing strip compost fermentation, keeping for 7 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃ without turning over before reaching 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; turning and throwing once every week for 5 times; then, carrying out large-pile aging for 35 days, and turning piles once every 10 days during the aging period; the fermentation product is brown, has no pungent smell, and is relatively fluffy to obtain the rice hull fermentation material.
Uniformly mixing the rice hull fermentation material and the needle mushroom residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-55%, and performing groove type aerobic fermentation. The mixture is not thrown until the temperature reaches 60 ℃, and is kept for a week after the temperature reaches. Then turning over once every day, and taking out the groove after turning over for 25 times. The mixture is piled up, during which the temperature exceeds 60 ℃ and is turned over. The mixture is cooled to below 35 ℃, the water content is about 35 percent, and the mixture is fluffy without peculiar smell to obtain the rice hull and needle mushroom residue fermentation material (A).
And B, uniformly mixing rice hulls, pig manure and needle mushroom residues according to a volume ratio of 3:2:5, adjusting the water content to 55-60%, adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio to 28-30:1, and adding aerobic zymophyte (the dosage is 0.15% of the weight of the mixture). Performing strip compost fermentation, keeping for 7 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃ without turning over before reaching 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; turning and throwing once every week for 5 times; then, carrying out large-pile aging for 35 days, and turning piles once every 10 days during the aging period; the fermentation product is brown, has no pungent smell, and is relatively fluffy rice hull and needle mushroom residue fermentation material (B).
(2) Fermenting the chicken manure:
the corn dry straw is crushed to 0.5-1 cm, and is uniformly mixed with fresh chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 2:8 after being crushed, and the water content of the mixture is adjusted to 55% -60%; adding a fermentation inoculum (the dosage is 0.15 percent of the weight of the mixture), and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1. Performing strip aerobic fermentation on the mixture, keeping the temperature at 55 ℃ for 5 days, and then turning and throwing; and turning and throwing once every 2 days until the fermentation temperature is reduced and the mixture has no odor to obtain the fermented chicken manure.
(3) Slag:
and screening the slag by using a 4mm and 8mm screen, cleaning the slag by using clear water, and airing for later use.
Examples 1-6 are given in Table 1 for parts by volume:
the procedure was followed and substrates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were prepared according to Table 1 in proportion to examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1, respectively.
The tomato soilless culture substrate prepared in examples 1-6 and comparative example 1 was compared with the physicochemical parameters of the turf-containing substrate (turf: vermiculite: perlite = 3: 1: 1) and the growth index of the cultivated tomato (the cultivation conditions were identical except for the substrate) as shown in table 2:
the data in table 2 show that the organic matter content and the single plant yield content of the tomato soilless culture substrate are higher than those of the turf-containing culture substrate. The tomato soilless culture substrate of the invention is used for culturing tomatoes, and each index of the tomato soilless culture substrate is superior to that of a turf substrate.
Claims (8)
1. The special substrate for soilless culture of the tomatoes is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 30-60 parts of rice hull and mushroom residue fermentation material, 10-20 parts of fermented chicken manure, 10-30 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 10-30 parts of fine slag, 10-20 parts of grass carbon and 0-0.2% of multi-element compound fertilizer.
2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the rice hull and mushroom dreg fermentation material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the rice hulls and the pig manure according to the volume ratio of 3:2, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-60%, adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio to 28-30:1, adding an aerobic fermentation microbial agent, keeping for 7 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; then aging for more than 35 days to obtain a rice hull fermentation material;
(2) uniformly mixing the rice hull fermented material and the mushroom residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 40-45% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 10-15:1, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature above 60 ℃ for a week, then turning and stacking, and turning and stacking again at the temperature exceeding 60 ℃ in the period; the mixture is cooled to below 35 ℃ and the water content is about 35 percent, so as to obtain the rice hull and mushroom residue fermented material.
3. The substrate of claim 1, wherein said fermented chicken manure is prepared by the following method: crushing straws, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 2:8, and adjusting the water content of a mixture to 55-60%; adding an aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature above 55 ℃ for 5 days, and turning and throwing until the fermentation temperature is reduced and the mixture has no odor to obtain the fermented chicken manure.
4. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the aerobic fermentation inoculum is trichoderma or/and EM fermentation inoculum.
5. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the amount of the oxygen-consuming fermentation inoculum is 0.1-0.3wt% of the fermentation substrate.
6. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by using a phosphoric acid-ammonium solution.
7. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein beneficial bacteria are added after the substrate special for soilless culture of tomatoes is mixed and prepared.
8. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial bacteria are one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, paecilomyces lilacinus and the like, and the amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the substrate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010433888.3A CN111492940A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202010433888.3A CN111492940A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Special substrate for soilless culture of tomatoes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111492940A true CN111492940A (en) | 2020-08-07 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114793786A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-29 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method suitable for large-scale cultivation of healthy tomato seedlings |
| CN115413556A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-12-02 | 陕西省烟草公司咸阳市公司 | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200807 |