CN110934054B

CN110934054B - Special tobacco seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110934054B
Application number: CN201911095283.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵金华; 冯锡鸿; 赵成国; 许亮亮
Original assignee: Jining Xiangping Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jining Luqing Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-11-11
Filing date: 2019-11-11
Publication date: 2021-08-31
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-11
Also published as: CN110934054A

Abstract

The invention provides a special tobacco seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of seedling culture cultivation in agricultural production. The tobacco seedling culture medium containing the rice hull fermentation material is prepared from coconut coir, bagasse, water-washed cow dung, the rice hull fermentation material and vermiculite or perlite according to a certain proportion. The invention has the advantages of improving the seedling environment and the root microbial environment, solving the problem of processing organic solid waste materials, reducing the production cost of the matrix and improving the technical content of the product. The preparation process of the matrix is simple and convenient to operate.

Description

Special tobacco seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tobacco crop seedling raising substrate and a manufacturing technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production seedling raising.

Background

At present, most of tobacco seedling culture matrixes in China are organic and inorganic composite matrixes. The matrix is prepared by taking grass peat as a main raw material and adding part of inorganic auxiliary materials. The grass peat is a short-term non-renewable resource, and the ecological balance is influenced by continuous development. It is imperative to find an ecological pollution-free tobacco seedling culture substrate.

The rice hull is a layer of hull outside the paddy, mostly consists of sclerenchyma cells, and is rich in cellulose, lignin and silicon dioxide. Rice hulls have a carbon to nitrogen ratio as high as 75 and are one of the organic materials that are difficult to ferment.

Cow dung is the excrement of cattle. In a place where cattle raising is concentrated, cattle manure is randomly piled and placed, and odor rushes to the sky, so that the normal life of surrounding residents is adversely affected; meanwhile, cow dung is a source for breeding of various bacterial pathogens and has serious influence on breeding populations; in addition, the raw cow dung is easy to generate heat after being directly applied to soil, consumes oxygen in the soil, causes root burning and seedling burning, and also plays a role in spreading parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the pretreatment of cow dung is very important.

How to recycle and modify rice hulls and cow dung is a problem in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the rice hulls and the cow dung are recycled and are reformed to be used as the special tobacco seedling culture medium.

A tobacco seedling culture medium containing a rice hull fermentation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 30-70 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 10-20 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut husk, 10-20 parts of bagasse and 0-0.1% of multi-element compound fertilizer.

Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 50 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 10 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 20 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of bagasse and 0.02% of multi-element compound fertilizer.

Preferably, the feed comprises the following volume fractions: 50 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 15 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 10 parts of coconut husk, 15 parts of bagasse and 0.02% of multi-element compound fertilizer.

The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing rice hulls by physical rolling or directly using the crushed rice hulls, uniformly mixing the crushed rice hulls and needle mushroom residues according to the volume ratio of 4:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60%, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1, adding aerobic zymophyte; performing strip compost fermentation, keeping for 4-5 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃ without turning before reaching 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; turning and throwing once every four days for 4-5 times; then, performing large-pile aging for 25-30 days, and performing stack inversion once every 5-7 days during the aging period; the fermentation product is brown fluffy matter to obtain rice hull and cow dung fermentation product;

(2) washing cow dung with water: cleaning cow dung in a cow farm by using clean water according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and discharging moisture from the cleaned cow dung by using a physical extrusion or centrifugation technology to obtain water-washed cow dung with the moisture content of 40-50%;

(3) mixing bagasse, water-washed cow dung and rice hull cow dung leavening, adding antagonistic bacteria, aging in a large pile for 5-7 days, turning and throwing once every day, and obtaining a base material when the water content is reduced to 30-40%;

(4) mixing the base material with coconut chaff, vermiculite or perlite and multi-element compound fertilizer according to a proportion to obtain the tobacco seedling culture or cultivation medium.

Wherein, in the step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by using a urea solution.

Wherein the aerobic fermentation bacteria in the step (1) are one or more of VT fermentation bacteria, EM fermentation bacteria and other aerobic fermentation bacteria, and the dosage of the aerobic fermentation bacteria is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the rice hull fermentation material.

Wherein, the water after the cow dung is cleaned in the step (2) can be used for adjusting the moisture content of the rice hull fermentation mixture or directly used as field irrigation water.

Wherein the antagonistic bacteria is one or more of bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas or bacillus subtilis and the like, and the dosage of the antagonistic bacteria is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the mixed material.

The rice hulls are crushed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, then the fermentation part is used as a main raw material, the cow dung is subjected to simple washing and centrifugation treatment, the harmless treatment in the prior art is not needed, the treated rice hulls and the cow dung are compounded, and the base fertilizer special for tobacco seedling culture is prepared by adding basic raw materials such as antagonistic bacteria, multi-element compound fertilizer and the like.

After the rice hulls are treated, the rice hulls are easy to ferment and serve as main raw materials, the nutritional ingredients of the rice hulls are close to grass carbon, and the economic value of the rice hulls is greatly improved. More cow dung is not required to be excessively treated, only washing and centrifuging are needed, harmless treatment such as decomposition and the like is not needed, the cow dung is applied in the tobacco seedling raising period and is controlled in a reasonable range, the growth condition of tobacco seedling leaves is specialized, the growth condition of root, stem and leaf is synchronously provided, and a foundation is laid for the thriving of later-stage tobacco dome-stage plants.

The invention has the beneficial effects

1. The culture medium prepared by the invention has good water retention and air permeability, abundant beneficial strains, and various organic and inorganic nutrient compounds, can provide nutrient elements for the growth of plants, and the cultivated plants have good growth vigor and improved yield;

2. the substrate raw material of the invention mainly comprises organic waste materials, which not only solves the treatment problem of the organic waste materials, but also reduces the production cost of the substrate, the cow dung can be directly utilized by simple treatment after being washed, the utilization method of the cow dung is widened, and the steps are simple;

3. the matrix of the invention is added with antagonistic bacteria which have a defense effect on tobacco bacterial wilt and the like, so that the later-stage pesticide consumption is reduced, and the product quality is better.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

Examples 1-5 and their comparative examples were all: fermented product of rice hull fermentation material, salt-washed coconut husk (EC value of 0.37), water-washed cow dung (EC value of 0.9), bagasse, vermiculite or perlite.

Specific table 1:

(1) mixing the rice hull fermentation materials according to a volume ratio of 1:1, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1; adding aerobic fermentation bacteria (the mass ratio of the aerobic fermentation bacteria to the rice hull fermentation material mixture is 1: 1000); after mixing, performing high-temperature fermentation in a stacking manner, keeping the temperature for 4 to 5 days after the temperature reaches 65 ℃, and turning and throwing to perform oxygenation and dehumidification; turning and throwing for 4-5 times, then performing large pile aging, and turning over the piles once every 5-7 days during the aging period; obtaining rice hull leavening when the leavening is brown, fluffy and dry;

(2) washing cow dung with water: cleaning cow dung in a cow farm according to the weight ratio of cow dung to water of 1:5, discharging water from the cleaned cow dung by using a physical extrusion or centrifugation technology, wherein the water content is 40-50%, and thus obtaining water-washed cow dung;

(3) mixing bagasse and water-washed cow dung with the rice hull cow dung fermentation product according to a ratio, adding antagonistic bacteria, aging in a large pile for 5-7 days, turning and throwing once a day, and naturally airing until the water content is 30-40% to obtain a base material;

By operating according to the above procedure, substrates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were prepared according to Table 1 in proportion to examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1, respectively. And adding harmless decomposed cattle manure in the prior art as a main raw material (peat: vermiculite: perlite = 3: 1: 1) as a tobacco seedling substrate (substrate 7), and adding a peat-containing substrate (peat: vermiculite: perlite = 3: 1: 1) in the prior art as a tobacco seedling substrate (substrate 8).

Comparing the physicochemical parameters of the substrate and the growth index of the tobacco seedling (except for different substrates, the other cultivation conditions are completely the same), as shown in table 2:

the data in table 2 show that the organic matter content and the beneficial bacteria content of the tobacco seedling and cultivation medium are higher than those of the turf-containing cultivation medium. The growth index of the tobacco seedlings cultivated by using the tobacco seedling cultivation medium is similar to that of the seedling cultivation medium containing turf, and the survival rate is better.

Claims

1. The special tobacco seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 30-70 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 10-20 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut coir, 10-20 parts of bagasse and 0-0.1% of multi-element compound fertilizer;

the preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing rice hulls by physical rolling or directly using the crushed rice hulls, uniformly mixing the crushed rice hulls and needle mushroom residues according to the volume ratio of 4:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60%, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30: 1, adding aerobic zymophyte; performing strip compost fermentation, keeping for 4-5 days after the temperature reaches above 65 ℃ without turning before reaching 65 ℃, and then turning over, adding oxygen and dehumidifying; turning and throwing once every four days for 4-5 times; then, performing large-pile aging for 25-30 days, and performing stack inversion once every 5-7 days during the aging period; the fermentation product is brown fluffy matter to obtain rice hull fermentation product;

(3) mixing bagasse, water-washed cow dung and rice hull leavening, adding antagonistic bacteria, aging in a large pile for 5-7 days, turning and throwing once a day, and obtaining a base material when the water content is reduced to 30-40%;

(4) mixing the base material with coconut chaff, vermiculite or perlite and multi-element compound fertilizer according to a proportion to obtain the tobacco seedling culture substrate.

2. The matrix according to claim 1, comprising the following parts by volume of raw materials: 50 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 10 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 20 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of bagasse and 0.02% of multi-element compound fertilizer.

3. The matrix of claim 1, comprising the following volume fractions of starting materials: 50 parts of rice hull fermentation product, 15 parts of water-washed cow dung, 10 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 10 parts of coconut husk, 15 parts of bagasse and 0.02% of multi-element compound fertilizer.

4. The matrix of claim 1, wherein in step (1) the carbon to nitrogen ratio is adjusted with a urea solution.

5. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the aerobic fermentation bacteria in step (1) are one or more of VT fermentation bacteria and EM fermentation bacteria.

6. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water after washing cow dung in the step (2) is directly used as field irrigation water.

7. The matrix of claim 1, wherein the antagonistic bacteria is one or more of bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas or bacillus subtilis, and the dosage of the antagonistic bacteria is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the mixed material.