CN110981616A - Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture - Google Patents
Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110981616A CN110981616A CN201911414095.0A CN201911414095A CN110981616A CN 110981616 A CN110981616 A CN 110981616A CN 201911414095 A CN201911414095 A CN 201911414095A CN 110981616 A CN110981616 A CN 110981616A
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- Prior art keywords
- straws
- seedling culture
- straw
- preparation
- fruit
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method of a special substrate for safe seedling culture. At present, the straw fermentation mainly adopts composting modes such as pit and pond composting and land composting, the composted fermented straw can only be used as a single fertilizer, the stability is poor, the physicochemical index is unstable, and the fermentation time is long. The invention comprises the following steps: preparing fully fermented corn straws, preparing fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws, selecting a bactericide and carbon ash, and preparing a special substrate for integral seedling culture. The invention relates to a preparation method of a special substrate for safe seedling culture.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a special safe seedling culture medium.
Background art:
at present, the straw fermentation mainly adopts composting modes such as pit and pond composting and land composting, the composted fermented straw can only be used as a single fertilizer, the stability is poor, the physicochemical index is unstable, and the fermentation time is long.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a special safe seedling culture substrate.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a special safe seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing completely fermented corn straws;
(1) crushing the dried corn straws by a crusher, and pretreating the crushed dried corn straws by ammonia water;
(2) selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residue for later use;
(3) adding active microbial inoculum, wherein the bacillus subtilis is applied by 200 hundred million/g, and 1 kilogram of biological bacteria is used per 1 cubic meter of the treated straw and is uniformly distributed;
(4) the raw material proportion is 2 parts of standby corn straw and 1 part of standby organic manure. Uniformly laying a layer of strain on every 20 cm of straw, laying a layer of 10 cm of manure, and spraying water until the whole water content reaches 60-70%; laying a layer of straw, a layer of strain, a layer of excrement and water, and covering with plastic cloth. After 25 days, turning over, if the water content is low, supplementing by spraying water, keeping the water content at 60%, covering with plastic cloth, and crushing and sieving for later use when the straw turns black and the ammonia smell becomes light or has no peculiar smell;
step two: preparing fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws;
crushing fresh fruit and vegetable straws by using a straw beater, pretreating the crushed fruit and vegetable straws by using ammonia water, selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residues for later use, adding an active microbial inoculum, and fermenting the fruit and vegetable straws, wherein the fermentation raw material ratio is 3:1 of the fruit and vegetable straws and the dung;
step three: selecting a bactericide and carbon ash;
step four: preparing a special matrix for integral seedling culture;
fully and uniformly mixing the fully fermented corn straws, the fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws, the carbon dust, the vermiculite and the bactericide by using a stirrer.
The preparation method of the special substrate for safe seedling culture comprises the following specific steps of pretreating with ammonia water in the step one: spraying the straw every 20 cm, spraying evenly in fog, covering the stack with plastic cloth for 15-20 days, uncovering the plastic cloth, and standing for use after 3 days.
The preparation method of the special substrate for safe seedling culture comprises the following steps of: the total amount of the completely fermented corn straws is three-seventh, the total amount of the completely fermented fruit and vegetable straws is two-seventh, the total amount of the carbon ash is one-seventh, the total amount of the vermiculite is one-seventh, and the bactericide is three-thousandth.
According to the preparation method of the special substrate for safe seedling culture, the ammonia water concentration in ammonia water pretreatment is 15%.
The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture medium comprises the step of crushing the corn straws and the fruit and vegetable straws into small pieces of 1-3 cm by a crusher.
According to the preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate, the bactericide is chlorothalonil or carbendazim.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention has no harmful gas generated by after-fermentation in the using process, and is safe and environment-friendly;
2. the invention has the advantages of full nutrition, slow release of nutrients, good persistence, more reasonable physical and chemical indexes of the leavening such as porosity, volume weight and the like, and is more beneficial to plant growth.
3. The substrate is harmless to flora and insect pest, and is healthy and green to carry;
4. according to the invention, a large amount of corn straws and vegetable straws can be reused in the field, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are reduced; 5. the invention has rich raw materials, low cost and high economic benefit;
5. the production and processing of the invention are not limited by regions, the process flow is simple and easy to master, the substrate can be repeatedly applied after being treated, and the resource waste is reduced.
6. The invention improves the straw fermentation speed, saves 30 percent of fermentation time, and has more comprehensive nutrient contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and the like.
7. The invention can replace the application of turfy soil, is environment-friendly, protects natural soil resources from being damaged, and solves the problem of straw treatment application.
8. After the invention is applied to returning to the field, the deterioration condition of the cultivated soil can be reduced, and the soil environment can be improved.
9. The fermentation product of the invention has less pest and disease damage, and reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and the occurrence of large pest and disease damage.
10. The invention has the advantages of low cost of the fermentation process, simple and easy operation of the process and considerable economic benefit.
11. The fermentation product can be applied to intensive seedling culture, field returning and shed returning and soilless culture, and has rich functions.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
a preparation method of a special safe seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing completely fermented corn straws;
(1) crushing the dried corn straws by a crusher, and pretreating the crushed dried corn straws by ammonia water;
(2) selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residue for later use;
(3) adding active microbial inoculum, wherein the bacillus subtilis is applied by 200 hundred million/g, and 1 kilogram of biological bacteria is used per 1 cubic meter of the treated straw and is uniformly distributed;
(4) the raw material proportion is 2 parts of standby corn straw and 1 part of standby organic manure. Uniformly laying a layer of strain on every 20 cm of straw, laying a layer of 10 cm of manure, and spraying water until the whole water content reaches 60-70%; laying a layer of straw, a layer of strain, a layer of excrement and water, and covering with plastic cloth. After 25 days, turning over, if the water content is low, supplementing by spraying water, keeping the water content at 60%, covering with plastic cloth, and crushing and sieving for later use when the straw turns black and the ammonia smell becomes light or has no peculiar smell;
step two: preparing fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws;
crushing fresh fruit and vegetable straws by using a straw beater, pretreating the crushed fruit and vegetable straws by using ammonia water, selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residues for later use, adding an active microbial inoculum, and fermenting the fruit and vegetable straws, wherein the fermentation raw material ratio is 3:1 of the fruit and vegetable straws and the dung;
step three: selecting a bactericide and carbon ash;
step four: preparing a special matrix for integral seedling culture;
fully and uniformly mixing the fully fermented corn straws, the fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws, the carbon dust, the vermiculite and the bactericide by using a stirrer.
Example 2:
according to the preparation method of the special substrate for safe seedling raising in the embodiment 1, the specific process of ammonia water pretreatment in the step one is as follows: spraying the straw every 20 cm, spraying evenly in fog, covering the stack with plastic cloth for 15-20 days, uncovering the plastic cloth, and standing for use after 3 days.
Example 3:
according to the preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate in the embodiment 1 or 2, the mixture ratio of the raw materials in the fourth step is as follows: the total amount of the completely fermented corn straws is three-seventh, the total amount of the completely fermented fruit and vegetable straws is two-seventh, the total amount of the carbon ash is one-seventh, the total amount of the vermiculite is one-seventh, and the bactericide is three-thousandth.
Example 4:
according to the preparation method of the special safe seedling substrate in the embodiment 1, 2 or 3, the ammonia water concentration in the ammonia water pretreatment is 15%.
Example 5:
according to the preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate in the embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4, the corn straws and the fruit and vegetable straws are crushed into 1-3 cm small pieces by a crusher.
Example 6:
according to the preparation method of the special safe seedling substrate in the embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the bactericide is chlorothalonil or carbendazim.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a special safe seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing completely fermented corn straws;
(1) crushing the dried corn straws by a crusher, and pretreating the crushed dried corn straws by ammonia water;
(2) selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residue for later use;
(3) adding active microbial inoculum, wherein the bacillus subtilis is applied by 200 hundred million/g, and 1 kilogram of biological bacteria is used per 1 cubic meter of the treated straw and is uniformly distributed;
(4) the raw material proportion is 2 parts of standby corn straw and 1 part of standby organic manure, a layer of strain is uniformly laid on every 20 cm of straw, a layer of manure with the thickness of 10 cm is additionally laid, water is sprayed, and the whole water content reaches 60% -70%; laying a layer of straw again, adding a layer of strain, laying a layer of excrement again, spraying water again, covering with plastic cloth at a height which is convenient to operate, turning over after 25 days, supplementing with water if the water content is low, keeping the water content at 60 percent, covering with the plastic cloth, and crushing and sieving for later use when the straw turns black and the ammonia smell becomes light or has no peculiar smell;
step two: preparing fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws;
crushing fresh fruit and vegetable straws by using a straw beater, pretreating the crushed fruit and vegetable straws by using ammonia water, selecting organic cow dung or sheep dung without pesticide and heavy metal residues for later use, adding an active microbial inoculum, and fermenting the fruit and vegetable straws, wherein the fermentation raw material ratio is 3:1 of the fruit and vegetable straws and the dung;
step three: selecting a bactericide and carbon ash;
step four: preparing a special matrix for integral seedling culture;
fully and uniformly mixing the fully fermented corn straws, the fully fermented fruit and vegetable straws, the carbon dust, the vermiculite and the bactericide by using a stirrer.
2. The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific process of ammonia water pretreatment in the step one is as follows: spraying the straw every 20 cm, spraying evenly in fog, covering the stack with plastic cloth for 15-20 days, uncovering the plastic cloth, and standing for use after 3 days.
3. The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the mixture ratio of the raw materials in the fourth step is as follows: the total amount of the completely fermented corn straws is three-seventh, the total amount of the completely fermented fruit and vegetable straws is two-seventh, the total amount of the carbon ash is one-seventh, the total amount of the vermiculite is one-seventh, and the bactericide is three-thousandth.
4. The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the ammonia concentration in the ammonia pretreatment is 15%.
5. The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the corn straws and the fruit and vegetable straws are crushed into small pieces of 1-3 cm by a crusher.
6. The preparation method of the special safe seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the bactericide is chlorothalonil or carbendazim.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911414095.0A CN110981616A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911414095.0A CN110981616A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture |
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| CN110981616A true CN110981616A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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| CN201911414095.0A Pending CN110981616A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115589923A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院（Cn） | Method for treating and hierarchically stacking multiple types of mixed straws by using liquid ammonia |
| CN115606475A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-01-17 | 安徽中医药大学 | Platycodon grandiflorum seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115606475A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-01-17 | 安徽中医药大学 | Platycodon grandiflorum seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115589923A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院（Cn） | Method for treating and hierarchically stacking multiple types of mixed straws by using liquid ammonia |
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