CN114916372A - Grape trellis shape transformation method for transforming V-shaped trellis into shed trellis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grape trellis reforming method for reforming a V-shaped trellis into a trellis, which comprises the following steps of 1) reforming infrastructure: 2) screening of grape plants to be modified: aiming at grape plants in the existing V-shaped frame, selecting even rows as fixed transformation rows, selecting the plant closest to the position 1.25-1.5 meters away from the edge of the grape garden in the fixed transformation rows as the 1 st grape plant to be transformed, and then selecting the corresponding grape plants to be transformed according to the plant spacing; taking the rest plants as non-modified grape plants, carrying out normal management in the current year of frame shape modification, and re-shearing and removing fruits after harvesting; 3) the method solves the problem that the current-year grapes of the trellis are not high in yield, solves the problem of competition between growth of bearing branches and growth of trellis branches, and achieves the purpose of changing the traditional V-shaped trellis into the high-light-efficiency flat trellis under the condition of not influencing the current-year yield and quality of grapes.

Description

Grape trellis shape transformation method for transforming V-shaped trellis into shed trellis

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a grape trellis shape rapid forming transformation method for changing a V-shaped frame into a straight-line-shaped shed frame.

Background

The grape is used as a perennial woody vine fruit tree loving yang, and the standardization requirement in the actual production is higher due to the larger planting area. In order to better meet the illumination requirement of grape growth, simultaneously, grape picking and mechanical garden entering are facilitated, and in actual industrialized grape garden management, the frame shapes such as a V-shaped frame and a flat shed frame are usually selected according to grape varieties, cultivation modes and the like.

In traditional grape planting, limited by management technology and planting concept, growers generally adopt a V-shaped frame in order to pursue high yield. With the technological progress and the improvement of living standard, the traditional 'V' -shaped frame cultivation (see figure 1) can not meet the requirements of high-quality, safe and high-efficiency production of grapes, and is mainly embodied in the following aspects: firstly, the planting density is large (the plant row spacing is 0.5-2.0 m multiplied by 2.0-3.0 m, the plants are not equal for each mu of 222-plus-material 889 plants), the production management is difficult, the time and the labor are wasted, and the mechanical garden entering operation is inconvenient; secondly, the grape trellis surface and fruiting part are low, the influence of soil humidity is large, diseases are serious, the pesticide dosage is large, and fruits are unsafe; thirdly, a large amount of light irradiates the ground among grape lines, so that the illumination resources cannot be fully utilized to improve the fruit quality; fourthly, as the tree age increases, the tree vigor is more and more vigorous, and the shoot cutting management is continuously carried out in production, so that not only is labor consumed, but also imbalance between vegetative growth and fruit growth is easily caused, and the fruit quality is difficult to improve; fifthly, with the increase of labor cost year by year, the production investment also increases year by year, and the benefit is worse and worse.

With the improvement of science and technology and the improvement of production management level, the grape tree form mainly popularized in the current grape production is a straight-line-shaped shed frame (see figure 2), also called a thin planting high-light efficiency flat shed frame, and is a main pushing frame shape of the current grape production due to the advantages of convenience in mechanical management, good ventilation and light transmission, high grape quality and the like. The tree form can overcome the defect of a V-shaped frame, and 28-67 plants are planted per mu according to the plant row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m multiplied by 4.0-6.0 m, so that the tree form has the technical advantages of small plant management number and labor and water and fertilizer saving. In addition, the canopy frame is high in surface, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and the canopy frame has larger plant row spacing, and is convenient for mechanical garden entering and mechanical management. Meanwhile, because the branches and tendrils of the grapes are distributed in parallel, the grapes grow gently, the ventilation and light transmission are good, the illumination utilization rate is high, and the fruit quality is good. Therefore, the method has very important technical value for improving the scale, industrialization and mechanization of grape planting management.

On the other hand, due to human or technical errors such as management decision errors and the like, and with the deep research and popularization of agricultural cultivation management technology, the V-shaped frame of the grape is also improved in the actual grape cultivation management process, so that the technical requirement for prolonging the harvest time of the grape or improving the quality of the grape is better met. Therefore, it is a realistic technical demand for how to modify the trellis of the grape "V" shaped trellis with the lowest loss of benefit during the full bearing period.

Based on the technical advantages of the trellis, in the prior art, if the formed V-shaped trellis is directly transformed into the trellis, one of the conventional modes is to cut all the original bearing branches and re-culture the bearing branches into the trellis tree form, so that the yield and benefit of grapes in one year are undoubtedly lost; the other mode is to change the shape of the trellis while bearing fruit, but the mode has the consequence of changing the shape of the trellis due to heavy fruiting and light shape change in management, finally causes small growth of branches and tendrils of the cultured trellis, and can not achieve the effect of high yield in the second year after the trellis is formed in the same year, thereby affecting the exertion of the advantages of the trellis. Based on the practical situations, the rapid forming and modifying method for modifying the V-shaped frame into the straight-line-shaped frame in the grape cultivation process has very important technical significance for deep research and modification.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a grape trellis shape rapid forming and reforming method for reforming a V-shaped trellis into a trellis. The method fully utilizes the growth rule and the fruit development rule of the grapes at different stages, and achieves the maximization of benefit of bearing branch growth, fruit growth and trellis branch and vine growth through reasonable branch and vine pruning, thereby ensuring the yield benefit of the grapes to the maximum extent. The method solves the problem that the current-year grapes of the trellis are not high in yield, solves the problem of competition between fruit branch growth and trellis branch and achieves the purpose of changing the traditional V-shaped trellis into the high-light-efficiency flat trellis under the condition of not influencing the current-year yield and quality of the grapes.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a grape trellis shape reforming method for reforming a V-shaped trellis into a trellis comprises the following steps:

1) infrastructure reconstruction:

infrastructure reconstruction time: after pruning the grapes in winter and before sprouting in the next year (1-3 months).

The existing V-shaped frame has the specification: the plant-row spacing is 0.5-2.0 m multiplied by 2.0-3.0 m, the north-south direction is, and the trunk height is 60-100 cm. Double cross V-shaped frame: a first beam is arranged at a position 30-40 cm away from the height of the trunk, and the length of the beam is 60-100 cm; a second beam is arranged at a distance of 40 cm from the first beam, and the length of the second beam is 140 cm and 200 cm (as shown on the left side in FIG. 3). The triangular "V" shaped shelf is shown to the right in fig. 3.

A main vine steel wire is arranged above the main vine of the grape with the existing V-shaped frame and is 1.5-1.8 meters away from the ground in a direction perpendicular to the ridge (east-west direction) and used for binding and fixing the main vine of the grape; then, the trellis steel wire is pulled at the position 15-20 cm higher than the main vine steel wire to form a Chinese character 'tian' -shaped trellis surface; the row spacing of the transformed shed frame is 2.5-3.0 m multiplied by 4.0-6.0 m.

2) Screening of grape plants to be modified:

aiming at grape plants in the existing V-shaped frame, even rows such as 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th, 8 th and the like are selected as fixed reconstruction rows, the plant closest to the position 1.25-1.5 meters away from the edge of the grape garden is selected as the 1 st grape plant to be reconstructed in the fixed reconstruction rows, and then the plant closest to the position is sequentially selected as the corresponding grape plants to be reconstructed in the fixed reconstruction rows according to the plant spacing of 2.5-3.0 meters (for example, the plants closest to the positions 3.75-4.5 meters away from the edge of the grape garden, 6.25-7.5 meters away from the edge of the grape garden are respectively selected as the 2 nd grape plant to be reconstructed and the 3 rd grape plant to be reconstructed);

taking the rest plants as non-modified grape plants, carrying out normal management in the current year of the frame shape modification, and re-shearing and removing the harvested fruits; (the number of grape plants per mu is about 222-.

3) Managing trellis branches and tendrils of the grape plants to be transformed:

after germination until before flowering (30-40 days): after sprouting in spring, selecting a new tip which is closest to a trunk and has good growth vigor to remove fruit ears, culturing and growing the new trunk of the trellis grape upwards, reserving 1 leaf for pinching after the secondary tip which is sent out from the new trunk of the trellis grape is completely removed, pinching when the secondary tip grows to a position 7-12 cm (preferably 10 cm) away from a main vine steel wire, and reserving the secondary tips at two leaves below the pinching position to enable the secondary tips to grow in the east-west direction along the main vine steel wire respectively to form a main vine;

flowering phase (about 10 days): when the messenger flowers are opened, pinching the new tips of the main vines to inhibit growth and promote fruit setting;

after fruit setting and during the first fruit expansion period (about 40 days): keeping all the auxiliary tips on the main vine, and pinching once every 4-6 days to inhibit growth;

sclerotic stage (around 15 days): at the moment, two main tendrils of the key culture shed frame and auxiliary tips thereof grow. Retaining all the auxiliary tips of the main tendrils, and pinching when the main tendrils grow to 5-7 leaves, on one hand, promoting the differentiation of buds at the base parts of the auxiliary tips, culturing fruiting mother branches in the second year, and on the other hand, promoting the forward growth of new tips of the main tendrils;

fruit softening period to mature period (20-30 days): pinching all branches and tendrils to inhibit growth;

after the grapes are harvested, two main vines of the trellis and auxiliary tips of the main vines grow in a key cultivation mode, all the auxiliary tips on the main vines are cored according to a leaf remaining mode of '4 +3+ 2' (4 leaves are reserved for first coring when 5 leaves grow out from a new tip, 3 auxiliary tip leaves are reserved for second coring when 4 leaves grow out from a primary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip, and then 2 leaves are reserved for second coring when 3 leaves grow out from a secondary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip), and after the main vines of two adjacent plants meet, the main vines are cored at the same time.

And (3) pinching according to the management principle of 'growth promotion, growth inhibition, growth promotion, growth inhibition and growth promotion' in the 6 growth stages.

In the method for transforming the grape trellis by the V-shaped trellis into the trellis, the step 3) further comprises the management of the fruiting branches on the grape plants to be transformed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

after germination until before flowering (30-40 days): performing first pinching of 6 leaves, keeping the secondary tips at the top ends of the new tips growing obliquely upwards along the V-shaped frame, and leaving a leaf on the secondary tips below the top ends for pinching or completely erasing;

flowering phase (about 10 days): when the messenger flowers bloom, pinching all the new shoots to promote fruit setting;

after fruit setting and during the first fruit expansion period (about 40 days): pinching the fruiting young shoots according to a mode of 6+4+3+2 (when 7 leaves grow out of a young shoot, 6 leaves are reserved for first pinching, when 5 leaves grow out of a primary auxiliary shoot at the top of the young shoot, 4 auxiliary shoot leaves are reserved for second pinching, when 4 leaves grow out of a secondary auxiliary shoot at the top of the young shoot, 3 leaves are reserved for second pinching, and then, when 3 leaves grow out of three auxiliary shoots at the top of the young shoot, 2 leaves are reserved for second pinching), ensuring that 15 +/-3 leaves on one fruiting young shoot provide nutrition for fruits, and pinching or completely removing all the auxiliary shoots below the top after one leaf is reserved; when the number of fruiting young shoot leaves reaches 15 +/-3, the young shoot leaves are repeatedly pinched to inhibit growth and promote rapid fruit expansion;

sclerosing phase (around 15 days): pinching is carried out once per week, and all secondary tips on the new tips of the fruits are controlled to grow;

fruit softening period to mature period (20-30 days): pinching all the secondary tips on the new tips of the fruits, controlling the growth and promoting the second expansion of the fruits and the accumulation of sugar; harvesting and selling the fruits as soon as possible after the fruits are ripe;

after harvesting of grapes: all resulting shoots were rescissed with 7 ± 2 leaves and then the rescissed resulting shoots were removed in batches of approximately 1/3 resulting shoots per week.

Specifically, in the step 1), the row spacing of the grape plants is 2.5-3.0 meters, 4.0-6.0 meters, and the row directions are north and south.

Specifically, in the step 1), the thickness of the main vine steel wire is 3.2 mm.

Further, in the step 1), the thickness of the steel wires of the shed frame is 2.2 mm, and the distance between the steel wires of the shed frame in the north-south direction is 50 cm; the east-west steel wires are symmetrically arranged by taking the main vine steel wires as the center, the space between the trellis steel wires at the two sides of each main vine steel wire and the corresponding main vine steel wire is 30-35 cm, 70-80 cm and 120-135 cm in sequence (namely 3 trellis steel wires are respectively arranged at the two sides of each main vine steel wire), and the detailed description is shown in figure 4.

Further, in the step 2), young shoots, flowers and fruits and rich water of the non-modified grape plants are managed in the current frame shape modification according to a normal management mode, normal fruit bearing is carried out, about 7 +/-2 leaves are left for the young shoots of all the fruits after the fruits are harvested for heavy shearing, the fertilization and irrigation are stopped, and then the young shoots are removed. The method comprises the following specific steps:

post-emergence to pre-anthesis (30-40 days):

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating water every 10 +/-2 days, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 60%;

after fruit setting and during the first fruit expansion period (about 40 days):

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of balance fertilizer per mu once every 7-10 days;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 5-7 days to keep the water content of the soil more than 70%;

sclerosing phase (around 15 days):

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of balance fertilizer per mu once every 7-10 days;

irrigation management: irrigating water every 5-7 days, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 70%;

fruit softening period to mature period (20-30 days):

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu once every 10 +/-2 days;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 10 +/-2 days to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%.

The invention relates to a grape trellis shape transformation method for transforming a V-shaped trellis into a trellis, which has the following application range: grape variety: the grape variety with vigorous growth mainly planted and in the current production comprises sunshine roses, summer black or Kyoho grape varieties and the like; the age of the tree: trees that are 2 years old and older in the fruiting period.

Aiming at the defects that the yield and benefits of one year are lost or the management of shed forming cannot be achieved in time in the process of changing the existing V-shaped frame into the shed frame, the growth rules and the fruit development rules of the grapes at different stages are fully utilized, and reasonable branch and vine pruning management is carried out, so that the benefit maximization of bearing branch growth, fruit growth and shed frame branch and vine growth is achieved, and the method has good practical value and popularization and application significance. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

the method of the invention fully utilizes the growth rules and fruit development rules of the grapes at different stages, and achieves the maximization of benefit of bearing branch growth, fruit growth and trellis branch and vine growth through reasonable branch and vine pruning, thereby ensuring the yield benefit of the grapes to the maximum extent. The method of the invention manages and cultures the branches and tendrils of the grape plants to be reformed on the premise of ensuring the normal growth and fruiting of the non-reformed grape plants in the current year, thus not only overcoming the defect that the grapes in the current year of the conventional reformed shed frame have no yield, but also solving the problem of competition between the growth of fruit branches and the growth of branches and tendrils of the shed frame, and realizing the purpose of changing the conventional V-shaped frame into the high-light-effect flat shed frame under the condition of not influencing the yield and quality of the grapes in the current year.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a prior art "V" rack cultivation of grapes;

FIG. 2 is a cross-shaped trellis cultivation of grapes in the prior art;

FIG. 3 is a prior art double cross "V" shaped frame (left) and a triangular "V" shaped frame (right);

FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of the canopy frame of the reforming method of the present invention; in the figure, black dots are positions of grape plants (trunks), black thick lines are main vine steel wires, and black thin lines are trellis steel wires;

FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of an existing "V" -shaped frame before modification in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the modified canopy frame of example 1; in the figure, black dots are positions of grape plants (trunks), black thick lines are main vine steel wires, and black thin lines are trellis steel wires;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a new main stem, a main vine and a main vine secondary tip formed in the process of cultivating the trellis branches of the grape plant to be modified in example 1;

FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the growth of the new main stem, main vines, and auxiliary tips of the main vines formed during the cultivation of trellis branches of grape plants to be modified in example 1;

FIG. 9 is a graph of the second year grape growth results (2020) after trellis modification using the method described in example 1;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the growth of grapes in the third year after trellis modification using the method described in example 1 (2021 year).

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the following examples, the raw materials used were all common commercial products.

Example 1

The detailed scheme is implemented by taking a 'V' -shaped frame (the row spacing of the plants is 1.0 multiplied by 3.0 m, the north-south direction) of 6-year-old summer black grapes changed into a 'I' -shaped shed frame (the row spacing of the plants is 2.5 multiplied by 6.0 m, the north-south direction) as an example.

Before describing the embodiments, some background experimental cases in this embodiment are summarized as follows to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the related developments of this application in detail.

The existing grape planting condition is as follows:

planting mode: the sunlight greenhouse (Henan Zhongyuan grape research institute, Inc. in Hexi district, Henan Zheng City, Henan province) has a length of 80 m in the east-west direction and 8 m in the south-north direction.

Grape variety: summer black; the age of the tree: 6 years of age; density: 1.0 m × 3.0 m, 222 plants per mu; yield per mu is as follows: 900-950 kg; the north and south directions are parallel, and the height of the trunk is 80 cm. A passage way of 1 meter is arranged on the north side of the sunlight greenhouse, and the first plant is 1.5 meters away from the north wall.

The existing V-shaped frame: and (3) cement column: 3 cement columns in the north-south direction, wherein the distance between the cement columns on the north side and the south side of the greenhouse is 1 meter respectively, the distance between the cement columns on the south side and the north wall of the greenhouse is 3 meters, the specification is 80 centimeters multiplied by 250 centimeters, and the cement columns are buried underground by 50 centimeters; every 3 meters in the east-west direction, and the specification is the same as the south-north direction. The main vine steel wires are 80 cm away from the ground, the first beam is 110 cm away from the ground, and the length of the first beam is 60 cm; a second beam was placed 40 cm from the first beam, 140 cm in length (see FIG. 5).

Aiming at the change of the V-shaped frame into the shed frame, in order to ensure the maximization of the production benefit, the specific change process is briefly described as follows.

Infrastructure retrofit

In the 1 st year 2019, a main vine steel wire is arranged above a main vine of a grape in an existing V-shaped frame (the plant row spacing is 1 m multiplied by 3 m, the north-south row direction) and is 1.6 m away from the ground, and the main vine steel wire is perpendicular to the ridge direction (east-west direction) and used for binding and fixing the main vine of the grape; then, a shed frame steel wire is pulled at a position 15 cm higher than the main vine steel wire to form a field-shaped shed frame surface; the row spacing of the modified canopy frame is 2.5 meters multiplied by 6.0 meters.

The transformed Chinese character 'tian' shaped shed frame has the specification: the row spacing of grape plants is 2.5 meters multiplied by 6 meters, the north-south row direction is 3 plants in each row; the height of the main vine steel wire is 1.6 m, the east-west direction is the thickness of the main vine steel wire is 3.2 mm; the height of the shed frame steel wires is 1.75 meters, the thickness of the shed frame steel wires is 2.2 millimeters, and the distance between the shed frame steel wires in the north-south direction is 50 centimeters; the trellis steel wires in the east-west direction are symmetrically arranged by taking the main vine steel wires as the center, and the distances between the trellis steel wires at two sides of each main vine steel wire and the corresponding main vine steel wires are 30 cm, 70 cm and 125 cm in sequence (namely, 3 trellis steel wires are arranged at two sides of each main vine steel wire), which is shown in detail in fig. 6.

(II) screening and processing of grape plants to be modified

Screening of grape plants to be modified: aiming at grape plants in the existing V-shaped frame, even rows such as 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th rows are selected as fixed transformation rows, and the plants which are closest to the positions 1.5 m, 4.0 m and 6.5 m away from the north wall of the greenhouse are selected as the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd grape plants to be transformed respectively (the plant spacing is 2.5 m). About 45 plants per mu after transformation.

And (3) remaining plants: and (4) taking the rest grape plants as non-modified grape plants, carrying out normal management in the current year of frame shape modification, and re-shearing and removing the harvested fruits.

(III) cultivation and management of grape plants to be modified

1, cultivation and management of trellis branches of grape plants to be transformed

Post-emergence to pre-anthesis (30-40 days): after sprouting in spring, selecting a new shoot which is closest to the main stem and has good growth vigor, removing the cluster, culturing the new shoot as a new main stem of the trellis grapes to grow upwards, and picking after 1 leaf is left on an auxiliary shoot emitted from the new main stem of the trellis grapes. Pinching is carried out when the main vine grows to a position about 10 cm away from the main vine steel wire, and the auxiliary tips of two blades below the pinching position are reserved to enable the auxiliary tips to grow towards the east and west directions along the main vine steel wire respectively to form the main vine (see figures 7 and 8).

Flowering (about 10 days): when the messenger flowers open, the new tips of the main vines are cored to inhibit the growth of the main vines and promote fruit setting.

After fruit setting and the first rapid fruit expansion period (about 40 days): and (4) retaining all the auxiliary tips on the main vines, and pinching once every 5 days to inhibit the growth of the main vines.

Sclerosing phase (around 15 days): at the moment, two main tendrils of the trellis and the auxiliary tips thereof grow. And (3) reserving all the auxiliary tips of the main tendrils, and pinching when the auxiliary tips grow to 5 leaves, so that on one hand, the bud differentiation of the winter buds at the base parts of the auxiliary tips is promoted, fruiting mother branches in the second year are cultured, and on the other hand, the forward growth of new tips of the main tendrils is promoted.

Fruit softening period to mature period (20-30 days): pinching all branches and tendrils to inhibit their growth.

After harvesting of grapes: two main tendrils and auxiliary tips of the trellis are cultured in a key way. And (3) pinching all the auxiliary tips on the main tendrils according to a blade remaining mode of 4+3+2 (when 5 blades grow out from the new tip, 4 blades are reserved for primary pinching, when 4 blades grow out from the primary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip, 3 auxiliary tip blades are reserved for secondary pinching, and then, 2 blade pinching are reserved after 3 blades grow out from the secondary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip), and pinching the main tendrils simultaneously after the main tendrils of two adjacent plants meet.

And (4) pinching according to the management principle of 'growth promotion, growth inhibition, growth promotion, growth inhibition and growth promotion' in the 6 growth stages.

2, cultivation and management of fruiting branches on grape plants to be transformed

Post-emergence to pre-anthesis (30-40 days): and (3) performing 6-leaf first pinching according to the growth length of the young shoots in batches, then keeping the secondary shoots at the top ends of the young shoots growing obliquely upwards along the V-shaped frame, and keeping one leaf below the secondary shoots at the top ends for pinching or completely erasing.

Flowering (about 10 days): when the messenger flowers are opened, all the new shoots are pinched to promote fruit setting.

After fruit setting and the first rapid fruit expansion period (about 40 days): pinching the fruiting new tips according to a mode of 6+4+3+2 (when 7 leaves grow out of a new tip, 6 leaves are reserved for first pinching, when 5 leaves grow out of a primary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip, 4 auxiliary tip leaves are reserved for second pinching, when 4 leaves grow out of a secondary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip, 3 leaves are reserved for second pinching, and then, when 3 leaves grow out of a tertiary auxiliary tip at the top of the new tip, 2 leaves are reserved for second pinching), so that about 15 leaves on one fruiting new tip are ensured to provide nutrition for fruits, and after all the auxiliary tips below the top end are reserved, one leaf is completely pinched or is completely removed; when the number of the fruiting young leaf reaches about 15, the young leaf is repeatedly pinched to inhibit the growth of the young leaf and promote the rapid expansion of the fruit.

Sclerosing phase (around 15 days): pinching was performed once a week to control growth of all secondary shoots on the resulting young shoots.

Fruit softening stage to mature stage (20-30 days): and (4) pinching all the secondary tips on the fruiting new tips, controlling the growth of the secondary tips, and promoting the secondary fruit expansion and sugar accumulation. After the fruit is ripe, the fruit is harvested and sold as soon as possible.

After harvesting of grapes: and (4) reserving about 7 leaves for all the fruiting shoots, and then thinning the recutted fruiting shoots in batches according to the amount of the fruiting shoots 1/3 every week.

(IV) culture and management of non-modified grape plants

For non-modified grape plants (i.e., other plants remaining under the existing "V" trellis): and (4) managing the young shoots, the flowers and the fruits and the rich water according to a normal management mode, normally fruiting, re-shearing 7 leaves of the young shoots of all the fruits after harvesting, stopping fertilizing and irrigating, and then removing. The management of fertilization, irrigation and pesticide spraying is as follows.

After germination until before flowering (30-40 days):

fertilization management: 5 kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer (30-10-10, Zhongling high-tech Biotech Co., Ltd.) is applied to each mu.

Irrigation management: irrigating once every 10 days to keep the water content of soil more than 60%.

And (3) pest control: spraying 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture during pompon; spraying 3000 times of 10% bifenthrin solution when leaves are 2-3; when inflorescences are separated, spraying 50% of preservative thiram 1500-fold liquid and 40% of pyrimethanil 1000-fold liquid;

after fruit setting and the first rapid fruit expansion period (about 40 days):

fertilization management: 5 kg of balanced fertilizer (19-19-19 + TE, Zhonglin high tech, Ltd.) was applied per mu once every 7 days.

And (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 7 days to keep the water content of the soil more than 70%.

And (3) pest control: spraying 50% Baoyangshuang 1500 times solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution 2-3 days after flower withering; spraying 30% Wanbao lotion 600 times and 40% flusilazole 8000 times 12 days after blossom withering; spraying 600 times of 30% Wanbao syrup and 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl after the flowers wither for about 22 days; before bagging, the ears are treated and taken out by quickly soaking 50 percent of Baoben-Dome 3000 times, 37 percent of difenoconazole 3000 times and 50 percent of imazalil 3000 times.

Sclerotic stage (around 15 days):

fertilization management: 5 kg of balanced fertilizer (19-19-19 + TE, Zhonglin high tech, Ltd.) was applied per mu at intervals of 8 days.

And (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 7 days to keep the water content of the soil more than 70%.

Fruit softening stage to mature stage (20-30 days):

fertilization management: 5 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (12-6-38 + TE, Zhonglin high-tech, Inc.) is applied per mu once every 10 days.

And (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 10 days to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%.

According to the method, the growth conditions of newly-cultured trunks, main tendrils and fruiting mother branches in the current year are measured and recorded:

the growth amount of the branches and tendrils of the improved trellis is measured in 2019, 9 and 15 days, and the data is as follows.

The analysis of the data in the table above can be preliminarily judged: the thickness of the subsidiary tips of the main vines or the thickness of the main vines both meet the fruiting requirement of the second year, and further a foundation can be laid for high yield.

The yield of summer black grapes before reconstruction is 900-950 kg/mu, the yield of summer black grapes in the current year is 935 kg/mu, and the yields of the summer black grapes and the summer black grapes are similar; the quality of the grapes in the current year is not obviously different from that before the grapes are not modified, and the soluble solids of the grapes reach about 20%. The trellis improvement does not affect the current-year grape yield. The yield of summer black grapes in the second year after transformation is 920 kg/mu (the grape growth result graph is shown in figure 9), and the yield in the third year is 1050 kg/mu (the grape growth result graph is shown in figure 10).

In conclusion, the method for improving the canopy frame overcomes the defect that the current canopy frame is improved and the current annual grape yield is not high, and solves the problem of competition between fruit branch growth and canopy frame branch and vine growth, so that the aim of improving the traditional V-shaped canopy frame into the high-light-efficiency flat canopy frame under the condition of not influencing the current annual yield and quality of grapes is fulfilled.

Example 2

Similar to example 1, the inventor modified the "V" shape frame of different grape varieties in different years, and also counted the related grape yield and quality. The specific case is briefly described as follows.

At present, the production of grapes is mainly to control the yield and improve the quality, if the yield is not controlled, the yield of grapes per mu can reach 7000-8000 jin and even higher, but the quality is poor, the soluble solid content of fruits is only 14-15%, the taste is poor, and the selling price is very low. The yield control standards of each variety are different, and like summer black, the yield per mu is generally controlled to be about 1000 kg; the sun rose is generally controlled to have the yield per mu of about 1500 kilograms. The yield of the trellis and the 'V' -shaped trellis is generally the same and is mainly determined by grape varieties.

The statistics and comparison are carried out on the yield and the quality of the grapes with the trellis changed and the yield and the quality of the grapes with the V-shaped trellis before the trellis is changed, and the results are as follows.

1) In terms of fruit yield, the yield of grapes is similar between the year before and the year after the transformation.

2) In terms of fruit quality, the quality of the fruit in the shed frame is better than that of the fruit in the V-shaped frame. For the grape variety with color, after the trellis is cultivated, the fruit is uniformly colored and is colored quickly, but the fruit of the V-shaped trellis is colored non-uniformly and slowly, namely, the problems of coloring on the outer side, not coloring on the inner side or coloring on the outer side and color difference on the inner side exist.

3) In the aspect of fruit taste, the grape cultivated in the shed frame has high sugar degree and strong flavor. For summer black variety, the soluble solid content of grape fruits cultivated in a shed frame is 20-22 percent and the soluble solid content of the fruits with V-shaped frames is 17-18 percent when measured at the same time; for example, the soluble solid of the fruit cultivated in the shed frame reaches 20-21 percent of the sun rose variety, the fragrance is strong, and the soluble solid of the fruit cultivated in the V-shaped frame is 17-18 percent, and the taste is light.

In conclusion: the method of the invention fully utilizes the growth rules and fruit development rules of the grapes at different stages, and achieves the maximization of benefit of bearing branch growth, fruit growth and trellis branch and vine growth through reasonable branch and vine pruning, thereby ensuring the yield benefit of the grapes to the maximum extent. The method not only solves the problem that the grapes of the trellis have no yield in the current year, but also solves the problem of competition between branch growth and branch and vine growth of the trellis, and achieves the purpose of changing the traditional V-shaped trellis into the high-light-efficiency flat trellis under the condition of not influencing the yield and quality of the grapes in the current year.

Claims (7)

1. A grape trellis reforming method for reforming a V-shaped trellis into a trellis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) infrastructure reconstruction:

a main vine steel wire is arranged above the main vine of the grape of the existing V-shaped frame and is 1.5-1.8 meters away from the ground, and the main vine steel wire is perpendicular to the direction of the ridge and used for binding and fixing the main vine of the grape; then, a shed frame steel wire is pulled at a position 15-20 cm higher than the main vine steel wire to form a field-shaped shed frame surface;

2) screening of grape plants to be modified:

aiming at grape plants in the existing V-shaped frame, selecting even rows as fixed transformation rows, selecting the plants closest to the position 1.25-1.5 meters away from the edge of the grape garden in the fixed transformation rows as the 1 st grape plants to be transformed, and then sequentially selecting the plants closest to the positions according to the plant spacing of 2.5-3.0 meters as the corresponding grape plants to be transformed in the fixed transformation rows;

taking the rest plants as non-modified grape plants, carrying out normal management in the current year of frame shape modification, and re-shearing and removing fruits after harvesting;

3) managing trellis branches and tendrils of the grape plants to be modified:

after germination and before flowering: after sprouting in spring, selecting a new tip which is closest to a trunk and has good growth vigor to remove fruit ears, culturing and growing upwards as a new trunk of the trellis grape, reserving 1 leaf for pinching after the minor tip which is sent out from the new trunk of the trellis grape is completely removed, pinching when the minor tip grows to a position 7-12 cm away from a main vine steel wire, reserving the minor tips at two leaves below the pinching position to enable the minor tips to grow in the east-west direction along the main vine steel wire respectively to become a main vine;

and (3) flowering period: when the messenger flowers open, the new tips of the main vines are subjected to pinching, growth is inhibited, and fruit setting is promoted;

after fruit setting and in the first fruit expansion period: keeping all the auxiliary tips on the main vine, and pinching once every 4-6 days to inhibit growth;

in the hard nucleus stage: reserving all auxiliary tips of the main vines, and pinching when 5-7 leaves grow;

fruit softening period to mature period: pinching all branches and tendrils to inhibit growth;

after the grapes are harvested, pinching all the auxiliary tips of the main vines in a leaf-remaining mode of 4+3+2, and pinching the main vines simultaneously after the main vines of two adjacent plants meet.

2. The method for reforming the grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the step 3) further comprises managing fruiting branches on the grape plant to be reformed, which comprises the following steps:

after germination and before flowering: performing first pinching of 6 leaves, keeping the secondary tips at the top ends of the new tips growing obliquely upwards along the V-shaped frame, and leaving a leaf on the secondary tips below the top ends for pinching or completely erasing;

and (3) flowering period: when the messenger flowers bloom, pinching all the new shoots to promote fruit setting;

after fruit setting and during the first fruit expansion period: pinching the fruiting new shoots according to a mode of 6+4+3+2, ensuring that 15 +/-3 leaves on one fruiting new shoot provide nutrition for fruits, and pinching or completely removing all the auxiliary shoots below the top end after one leaf is left; when the number of fruiting young shoot leaves reaches 15 +/-3, the young shoot leaves are repeatedly pinched to inhibit growth and promote fruit expansion;

in the hard nucleus stage: pinching is carried out once a week, and all secondary tips on the resulting new tips are controlled to grow;

fruit softening period to mature period: pinching all the secondary tips on the new tips of the fruits, controlling the growth of the fruits and promoting the second expansion of the fruits and the accumulation of sugar;

after harvesting of grapes: and (4) reserving 7 +/-2 leaves for all the young shoots, performing re-shearing, and then performing thinning.

3. The method for improving the shape of the grape trellis of claim 1, wherein in step 1), the row spacing of the grape plants is 2.5-3.0 m x 4.0-6.0 m, and the north-south direction is the north-south direction.

4. The method for reforming the grape trellis of claim 3, wherein in step 1), the thickness of the main vine wires is 3.2 mm.

5. The method for reforming the grape trellis of the V-shaped trellis into the trellis as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step 1), the thickness of the steel wires of the trellis is 2.2 mm, and the distance between the steel wires of the trellis in the north and south directions is 50 cm; the steel wires in the east-west direction are symmetrically arranged by taking the main vine steel wires as the center, and the distances between the trellis steel wires at two sides of each main vine steel wire and the corresponding main vine steel wire are 30-35 cm, 70-80 cm and 120-135 cm in sequence.

6. The method for reforming the grape trellis of claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the non-reformed grape plants are normally managed in the current frame reforming year as follows:

after germination and before flowering:

fertilization management: 5 plus or minus 1 kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating water every 10 +/-2 days, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 60%;

after fruit setting and in the first fruit expansion period:

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of balance fertilizer per mu once every 7-10 days;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating water every 5-7 days, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 70%;

in the hard nucleus stage:

fertilization management: applying 5 +/-1 kg of balance fertilizer per mu once every 7-10 days;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating water every 5-7 days, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 70%;

fruit softening period to mature period:

fertilization management: applying 5 plus or minus 1 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu once every 10 plus or minus 2 days;

and (3) irrigation management: irrigating once every 10 +/-2 days to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%.

7. The method for reforming the grape trellis of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the grape variety comprises rose sunshine, summer black or Kyoho.

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