CN114890848A - Disease and pest prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Disease and pest prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114890848A CN114890848A CN202210649251.7A CN202210649251A CN114890848A CN 114890848 A CN114890848 A CN 114890848A CN 202210649251 A CN202210649251 A CN 202210649251A CN 114890848 A CN114890848 A CN 114890848A
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- chicken manure
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- ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N gramicidina Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCO)=CNC2=C1 ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001497 healthy food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002773 monoterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002577 monoterpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007830 nerve conduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000988 nystatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019525 primary metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010082567 subtilin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop nutrition and fertilization. The pest-control full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer comprises fermented chicken manure, plant ash, tobacco stems and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is 50-70: 20: 20-30, and the content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1-5 g/kg. The invention adopts purely natural wastes for production and living, is reasonably proportioned, achieves the aim of meeting all nutrients required by plants, strengthens and adds the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, solves all problems of soil diseases, insect pests, continuous cropping and the like, obviously improves the yield and the quality of crops, reduces the use amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and is an effective product for safely controlling the pests and developing organic industry and green industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop nutrition and fertilization, and particularly relates to a disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
For more than 40 years, balanced fertilization centered on emphasizing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, a soil testing and formulated fertilization technology, implementation and popularization of fertile soil engineering and grain high-yield engineering projects bring continuous harvest for crop production in China. But the problems of soil hardening, secondary salinization, acidification, agricultural product quality reduction and crop pest rampant are increasingly outstanding. Particularly, in recent years, vegetable farmers depend on pesticides and chemical fertilizers excessively, and some vegetable greenhouses have physiological diseases caused by excessive application of the chemical fertilizers, so that the yield and the quality are obviously reduced, and the safety of vegetable products is seriously influenced. Through non-chemical means, development of organic and green agriculture and sharing of healthy food are urgent desires of people. On fruit trees, tea, vegetables and traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the organic fertilizer is used for replacing chemical fertilizers, and the development of green prevention and control technology has become the national policy. At present, the production development of the bio-organic fertilizer in China is rapid, but because the technical standard is lower, the investment is less, the manufacture is easy, the organic fertilizer products in the market are very miscellaneous, the quality is disordered, the price is good and uneven, and counterfeit and shoddy commodities are difficult to identify. The high-quality organic fertilizer is prepared by adding beneficial microbial flora into livestock and poultry manure and fermenting in a stacking mode or a strip mode. Plays an important role in improving the farmland environment. However, the microorganism has a slow physiological metabolism rate, and no significant effect of increasing the yield is exhibited after application. Some of the microbial fertilizers are prepared by adding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements or adding trace elements, but the added nutrients are not complete, and the proportion is not the proportion required by plants, so that the soil elements are not balanced. Mineral fertilizers which supplement medium and trace elements are sold in the market, can effectively improve the growth of plants and increase the yield, but damage physical properties and chemical properties of soil to a certain extent, and sustainable production technology of organic agricultural products is still difficult.
After excessive fertilizer is applied to soil, potassium, sodium and ammonium ions replace cations such as calcium, magnesium and the like in soil humic acid and soil particles, and are the main reasons for destroying the granular structure of soil, causing soil hardening and poor air permeability; the excessive amount of available phosphorus in the soil is antagonistic to available cations of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and the like in the soil, and is the main reason for reducing the content of the available trace elements in the soil or the fertility of the soil.
Besides the major elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the plants also need medium-amount calcium, magnesium and sulfur elements, trace elements of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron and chlorine, and 7 beneficial elements of titanium, silicon, cobalt, vanadium, selenium, sodium and nickel. The major and middle elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are the constituents of plant cells and determine the biological yield of plants. The trace elements iron, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and chlorine are components of plant enzymes, are catalysts for maintaining basic metabolism and secondary metabolism of plants, and determine yield (starch, cellulose, protein, fat and sugar), quality (organic acid, amino acid, aldehyde, ester, ketone and monoterpene), flavor (aromatic compounds and various volatile components), disease resistance (steroids, terpenes, organic acids and the like) and stress resistance (beneficial alkaloids, phenol derivatives and the like) of the plants. The level of supply of soil cations determines whether plant secondary metabolism can be carried out, and whether plants can absorb sufficient amount of nutrient elements, particularly medium and trace elements, from the soil.
In 2013, "increasing soil fertility cannot ignore soil microorganism factors" is proposed: the decomposition capability of beneficial microorganisms in the soil to soil trace elements. The citrate-soluble mineral elements which are not dissolved in water can be decomposed and activated into mineral elements which can be absorbed by plants only under the action of microorganisms. The currently commonly applied solar sterilization technology in the greenhouse can kill harmful bacteria and beneficial bacteria in soil, and influence the biological activation of mineral elements, thereby influencing the supply capacity of essential elements of plants in soil. Application of mineral element fertilizers, such as: the cyrtomium 28, the scarab generation 2, the rich agriculture core, the Jinsannong and the like can greatly improve the yield and the quality of crops, but still can not prevent the precipitation reaction of mineral elements and phosphate radicals, carbonate radicals and the like, and the physical structure of soil can be damaged by ore (slag and powder) residues.
At present, although various trace elements and organic fertilizers are used on greenhouse vegetables, harmful and beneficial microorganisms in soil are killed, and physiological wilting and nutrient deficiency symptoms are frequent due to high-temperature sterilization of a sunlight greenhouse and the use of a large amount of bactericides. In grain production, straws are returned to the field in two seasons in one year, microorganisms and trace elements cannot be supplemented, and the yellowing phenomenon of wheat is severe day by day; the fruit trees often cause the phenomenon of frost flower due to the low temperature in spring. The crop disease-resistant variety and disease-tolerant variety have serious pest and disease damage. The method is directly related to the shortage of medium trace elements in soil and the difficulty in forming secondary metabolites of plants. It is difficult to produce safe and nutritious agricultural products only by pesticides and fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof, according to the current situation of soil nutrients and the problem of serious pests in production, the invention adopts purely natural production and living wastes and reasonable proportion, achieves the aims of meeting all nutrients required by plants, strengthening and adding bacillus amyloliquefaciens, solving all problems of soil diseases, pests, continuous cropping and the like, remarkably improving the yield and quality of crops, reducing the use amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and being an effective product for safely controlling pests and developing organic green industry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer comprises fermented chicken manure, plant ash, tobacco stems and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is 50-70: 20: 20-30, and the content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1-5 g/kg.
Preferably, the fermented chicken manure is prepared by fermenting chicken manure with a microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei.
Preferably, the total content of the flora in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: inoculating a microbial agent into the chicken manure, and fermenting until the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed; mixing the fermented chicken manure, the plant ash and the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 50-70: 20: 20-30, adding 1-5 g/kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, mixing and crushing.
Preferably, the chicken manure is fermented: controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be less than or equal to 30%, inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000:1, uniformly mixing, and fermenting until the mixture is thoroughly decomposed to obtain fermented chicken manure;
preferably, the chicken manure is turned and piled once every 2-3 days, and the fermentation lasts for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
Preferably, the powder is obtained by directly bagging after mixing and crushing; or transferring to a cold-pressing granulation machine, and pressing into granules.
The invention also provides application of the full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and insects, and the full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is directly applied to a crop planting field.
Preferably, the application amount is 100-1600 kg/mu.
More preferably, the crops comprise wheat, corn, potato, yam, Chinese cabbage, tomato, cucumber, melon, carrot, leek.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, which is prepared from chicken manure, plant ash and tobacco stems which are all purely natural wastes in production and living, and avoids the problem of environmental pollution caused by direct discharge.
According to the invention, through reasonable matching of the decomposed chicken manure, the plant ash and the tobacco stems, all nutrients required by plants are met, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added intensively, all problems of soil diseases, insect pests, continuous cropping and the like are solved, the yield and the quality of crops are obviously improved, the use amount of pesticides and fertilizers is reduced, and the fertilizer is an effective product for safely controlling the pests and developing organic green industries.
The full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and insects has wide application range, can be used for crops such as field crops, economic crops, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, fruit trees and the like which are generally planted and cultivated, has simple preparation method, convenient application condition and low cost, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer which adopts purely natural production and living wastes and is reasonably proportioned to meet all nutrients required by plants, and the fertilizer comprises fermented chicken manure, plant ash, tobacco stems and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is 50-70: 20: 20-30, and the content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1-5 g/kg.
The mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is preferably 50-60: 20: 20-30; more preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is 60:20: 20.
The high-quality chicken manure contains rich organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; rich mineral elements, boron, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur and zinc. In addition, the chicken manure also contains various amino acids, sugar, nucleic acid, vitamins, fat, organic acid, plant growth hormone and the like. Starch, lipid compounds, hemicellulose, protein and the like in the chicken manure fermented by microorganisms are easily decomposed into humic acid, organic acid, amino acid and the like, and are in subacidity, and the pH value is below 6.5.
The invention preferably selects the fermented chicken manure to be prepared by fermenting the chicken manure with a microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei. In the preferred microbial agent, the total content of the flora is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
The microbial agent applied to the fermentation of the chicken manure contains 8 complex flora, wherein,
b, bacillus megaterium: organic phosphorus in the soil can be degraded;
bacillus mucilaginosus: decomposing insoluble phosphate, converting into phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, etc., and simultaneously producing gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharide, etc.;
b, bacillus licheniformis: can promote organism to generate antibacterial active substance and kill pathogenic bacteria;
b, bacillus subtilis: active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like are generated, and the active substances have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria with endogenous infection;
rhodopseudomonas palustris: also called photosynthetic bacteria, produces hydrogen, fixes nitrogen, decomposes organic matters, produces glucose, secretes carotene, eliminates hydrogen sulfide and ammonia;
yeast: the modifier is a novel soil loosening modifier, integrates the advantages of disease resistance and stress resistance of peptide protein, soil fertility of microorganisms, soil loosening performance of the novel soil loosening agent and the like, and is an optimal raw material for solving soil hardening, reduction of beneficial microorganisms, aggravation of salinization, low organic matter content and poor water retention performance;
actinomycete group: the fertilizer can decompose aromatic compounds, paraffin, rubber, cellulose, wood and the like, and can promote soil to form a granular structure so as to improve soil;
trichoderma reesei: and (3) secreting a quantitative plant growth substance for a long time and promoting the root, stem and leaf to thrive.
Plant ash is the residual substance left after the burning of woody plant residues generates heat. The fertilizer contains 8-12% of potassium oxide and mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, molybdenum, manganese and the like which are necessary for plants, has comprehensive nutrient substances and reasonable proportion, and can realize the total nutrition of crops. The mineral elements exist in the form of oxides, and are hydrolyzed to form hydroxides which react with humic acid, organic acid, amino acid and the like in the fermented chicken manure to form compounds in a complex state, so that the adsorption of cations by soil and the antagonism among the elements are reduced, and the absorption of crops is facilitated. Improving the supply level of soil cations, providing the most comprehensive medium trace elements with the most reasonable proportion for plants, and providing basic conditions of primary metabolism and secondary metabolism of the plants. Meanwhile, the problems of slow processes of decomposing original and antagonizing substances of the biological bacterial manure are solved, and the yield and the quality of crops are greatly improved.
The tobacco stalk, i.e. tobacco stalk powder, is dust and debris produced by cigarette factories and contains 5-7% of nicotine. The nicotine is a natural organic pesticide of a plant source, can block a nerve conduction system of pests after entering a pest body, mainly contacts and kills the pests, has the effects of stomach toxicity, fumigation and repelling, prevents the pests from generating resistance to the natural nicotine, inhibits the activity of harmful bacteria in soil, and does not pollute human bodies and the soil environment.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can improve the effect of preventing continuous cropping diseases of crops. The content of bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably 2-3 g/kg; more preferably, the content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2.5g/kg, and the effective flora quantity is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g. After 8 beneficial bacterium groups are used for fermenting chicken manure, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added intensively to realize the disease prevention effect. Plants are often diseased by infection with pathogenic bacteria, host resistance and environmental conditions. By using the fertilizer added with beneficial bacteria, antibiotics and defensins produced by the beneficial bacteria and nutrition competition with harmful bacteria, the population quantity of the harmful bacteria can be inhibited. Auxin and low-carbon chain organic acid generated by beneficial flora can promote the healthy growth of plants and improve the disease resistance. The beneficial microorganisms in the soil are sufficient, the antagonism among elements can be avoided, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. Beneficial microorganisms and plants are symbiotic, the formation of ethylene is promoted by penetrating cell walls, the formation of secondary metabolites of the plants is promoted, the disease resistance and stress resistance of the plants are improved, and the yield and the quality are improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
inoculating a microbial agent into the chicken manure, and fermenting until the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed; mixing the fermented chicken manure, the plant ash and the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 50-70: 20: 20-30, adding 1-5 g/kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, mixing and crushing.
The method preferably selects chicken manure fermentation, comprises the steps of controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be less than or equal to 30%, inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000:1, uniformly mixing, fermenting, and decomposing to obtain the fermented chicken manure.
In the optimized chicken manure fermentation process, the chicken manure is turned and piled once every 2-3 days, and the fermentation lasts for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
The invention is preferably mixed and crushed and then directly bagged to obtain powder; or transferring to a cold-pressing granulation machine to be pressed into granules, more preferably transferring the powder to the cold-pressing granulation machine through a crawler belt to be pressed into granules, sieving, bagging by standard weight, sieving the fertilizer powder, feeding the fertilizer powder into the cold-pressing granulation machine, and repeatedly granulating.
The invention also provides application of the disease and insect prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer, which is preferably directly applied to a crop planting field, wherein the application amount is 100-1600 kg/mu, and is further preferably 400-1600 kg/mu.
The disease and pest prevention full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention aims at crops and comprises but is not limited to: wheat, corn, potato, yam, Chinese cabbage, tomato, cucumber, melon, carrot and leek, can obviously improve the crop yield, exert the capabilities of disease resistance and insect resistance, and reduce the morbidity of fungi, bacterial diseases, insect pests and root-knot nematodes.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests comprises the following steps:
obtaining chicken manure from a chicken farm, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be lower than 30%, and inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000: 1; the microbial agent is bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei, and the total content of the flora is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; and uniformly mixing, fermenting, turning over every 2-3 days, and fermenting for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
Respectively obtaining plant ash and tobacco stems from a biological power plant and a cigarette factory, and roughly screening to remove bricks and impurities.
Mixing fermented and decomposed chicken manure with plant ash and tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 60:20:20, adding 100 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2.5g/kg, conveying to a pulverizer through a weighing crawler belt, directly weighing and bagging to obtain the disease and pest preventing full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer powder.
Example 2
A preparation method of a full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests comprises the following steps:
obtaining chicken manure from a chicken farm, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be lower than 30%, and inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000: 1; the microbial agent is bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei, and the total content of the flora is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; and uniformly mixing, fermenting, turning over every 2-3 days, and fermenting for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
Respectively obtaining plant ash and tobacco stems from a biological power plant and a cigarette factory, and coarsely screening to remove bricks and impurities.
Mixing fermented and decomposed chicken manure, plant ash and tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 50:20:30, adding 1g/kg of 100 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, conveying the mixture to a grinder through a weighing crawler belt, transferring the ground mixture to a cold-pressing granulation machine through the crawler belt, pressing the mixture into granules, sieving the granules, bagging the granules by weight, sieving powdery fertilizer, conveying the granules into a cold-pressing granulator, and repeatedly granulating to obtain the insect-resistant full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer granules.
Example 3
A preparation method of a full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests comprises the following steps:
obtaining chicken manure from a chicken farm, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be lower than 30%, and inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000: 1; the microbial agent is bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei, and the total content of the flora is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g; and uniformly mixing, fermenting, turning over every 2-3 days, and fermenting for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
Respectively obtaining plant ash and tobacco stems from a biological power plant and a cigarette factory, and coarsely screening to remove bricks and impurities.
Mixing fermented and decomposed chicken manure with plant ash and tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 70:20:25, adding 100 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5g/kg, conveying the mixture to a pulverizer through a weighing crawler belt, directly weighing and bagging to obtain the disease and pest preventing full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer powder.
Example 4
Determination of compounding ratio of disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer
The test was carried out in a tomato greenhouse of Hazei Fazei, Chazei village, Chazei No. 1, on 17 days 9 and 17 months 2015. 2 empty 16 rows per plot, the total amount of application was calculated as 200kg per acre, with no fertilization as a control. And (4) randomly arranging. The seedlings are spread according to the matching proportion shown in the table 1, then rotary tillage is carried out, after ditching, watering is carried out, and tomato seedlings are planted. The mass mixing ratio of the fermented chicken manure, the plant ash and the nicotine is 0-70: 20: 10-30, and 2.5g/kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added.
TABLE 1 biological bacterial manure, plant ash and nicotine in different proportions
TABLE 2 investigation of growth and disease prevention of biological bacterial manure, plant ash and nicotine in different mixing ratios
The average plant height, the leaf number, the number of the fruiting bodies and the disease rate of the root-knot nematodes (see table 2) are investigated by tests, and the results show that the ratio of the plant height to the leaf number to the yield is 60:20:20, the effect is the best, the average single-plant fruiting body is 5.7kg, the control effect on the nematode is the best, and the disease rate is 0; the second is 50:20: 30.
Example 5
Determination of dosage of full-nutrient biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests and root-knot nematode prevention effect
In a tomato greenhouse No. 2 in a field in a farm in Peizo farm in Xinjiang village in Xin Ji city in 2015, 17 days, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600kg of the disease and insect prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer is applied at the bottom per mu, and 2000 ml of conventional control and blank control are used for 3.2 percent of abamectin per mu. And (3) randomly sampling in a treatment area and a control area when seedlings are pulled after the tomatoes are harvested in 2016 (1 month and 18), taking 2 points in each area, continuously digging 7-10 tomatoes in each point, and investigating the occurrence degree of root-knot nematodes in a grading manner. The results show that: 400kg disease index for each mu of disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 5.44, the disease index prevention effect is 48.21 percent; 800kg disease index for each mu of disease-insect-preventing total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 4.08, the disease index prevention effect is 61.9 percent; 1200kg disease index for each mu of disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 2.86, the disease index prevention effect is 73.33 percent; 1600kg disease index for each mu of disease-insect-preventing total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 2.52, disease means prevention effect 76.47%. The disease index of 3.2% avermectin for each acre is 2000 ml: 0.84, disease control effect 92.16%. Therefore, the bottom application of the disease and insect prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer has a good control effect on the serious tomato root-knot nematode disease.
When the root digging survey was photographed, it was found that: the multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer has obvious growth promotion effect on the root system of the tomato. However, it is very inconvenient to count the number of fibrous roots and the length of the fibrous roots, and the number of hair roots cannot be described, and the soil of the root system is shaken out and cut off from the part where the fibrous roots grow out, and the weight of the root system is weighed. 400kg of the disease and insect prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer has the average weight of a single root of 12.56 g; 800kg of the disease and insect prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer has the average weight of a single root of 12.95 g; 1200kg of the disease and insect prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer has the average single root weight of 14.04 g; 1600kg of total-nutrient biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests, wherein the average weight of a single root of the total-nutrient biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and pests is 12.96 g. 2000 ml of 3.2 percent abamectin has the average root weight of 10.13 g; the blank control has an average single root weight of 7.68g, and the difference is obvious.
Example 6
Disease and pest prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer dosage increasing property
(1) In 2015, 6 months and 13 days, 150 kg of Chinese yams are used per mu in the minor-Xinzhuang village and the major-Xinzhuang village in the Xinji city, and the yield is increased by 31 percent compared with the yield in the conventional management. The potato blocks are round and smooth in surface and free of insect damage.
(2) In the Chinese cabbage field of Xiaodingzhuang Xue Guangling in Hongzhan bridge town of Yutian county, 7/11/2016, 100kg of furrow application is carried out in each mu after land preparation, the yield is increased by 34.79%, the Chinese cabbage aphid control effect is good, the root-knot nematode prevention effect reaches 100%, the dry burning core prevention and control rate is 100%, and the Chinese cabbage storage resistance is improved.
(3) In 2016, 12 months and 8 days, experiments and comparisons of greenhouse tomatoes are respectively made in Handan's fat county and chicken brood, and all the field blocks are field blocks in which root-knot nematodes seriously occur. After ditching, a multifunctional biological organic fertilizer is scattered, 200kg and 120kg of the fertilizer is used per mu, and the yield increase rate is respectively 27.64 percent and 23.48 percent.
(4) In 2016, 8 and 23 days, a furrow application method is tested in the horse tomato greenhouse in east Langgue, Xingji City. The tomatoes are planted in the greenhouse for 11 years, and the root-knot nematodes of the vegetables are seriously generated. 100kg, 200kg and 300kg of disease and insect prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer is scattered after soil preparation and before ditching and seedling planting, and yield increasing rates are 22.97%, 26.25% and 25.91% respectively.
(5) In 2018, 9, 4 days, the yield of potatoes in inner Mongolia Xilintai temple is measured, and the result shows that 129.8kg of full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and insects is used per mu, the yield per mu is 9290.45 jin, the excellent fruit rate is 91.29 percent, and the yield value is 5336.84 yuan. The yield of each mu of the control field is 8240.74 jin, the fruit yield is 86.34 percent, the yield value is 4606.73 yuan, and the yield of each mu is 730.11 yuan. The investment benefit ratio is 1: 8.031. According to the description of the farmer Zhoudai, the potatoes are found to grow for a long time, and the potatoes in the field using the disease and insect prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer grow robustly and have large and green leaves. During the test, only the stubble with the seedling is seen, no biological organic fertilizer is applied, the stubble is yellow, and the stubble with the seedling is green.
Example 7
Disease resistance of disease and pest prevention total-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer dosage
(1) The root rot of the white yam causes rotten potatoes, and has great influence on yield and benefit. The imazamide and carbendazim bactericide is applied to the potatoes and the roots of the potatoes for 4-5 times in a conventional way, and the prevention and treatment effect is not ideal. In the Xinjizhen Toolvillage southeast white yam planting field with 16 days in 4 months in 2018, the death rate of 200kg, 300kg and 400kg of disease-preventing organic fertilizer is respectively 0.07%, 0% and 0%, the disease-preventing potato rate is respectively 0.83%, 0% and 0%, and the relative prevention effect is respectively 98.86%, 100% and 100%. Under the condition that the application amount of the conventional fertilizer is reduced by 50 percent, 320kg of disease and insect prevention bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land at the bottom, and the demonstration is 1333m 2 The control effect on the root rot of the white yam is 100 percent, and the control effect is superior to that of the prochloraz chemical pesticide. And has certain control effect on leaf beetles, thrips and the like eating the potato seedling leaves.
(2) The Xinji city Jianling vegetable cooperative, which is used for planting greenhouse strawberries and melons for more than 20 years, originally adopts a bactericide to treat soil, and is often damaged by red stele root rot and melon root rot. Since the use of the disease and insect prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer in 2015 to date, the bactericide is not used for treating soil, and the diseases never occur.
Example 8
Insect expelling and killing performance of full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer dosage for preventing diseases and insects
(1) And (3) carrying out root knot line test on the greenhouse tomato by using the disease and pest prevention biological full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer. Tomatoes are planted in the greenhouse of Marliang, east of Xinji City, for 11 years, and vegetable root-knot nematodes seriously grow in the field. In 2016, 8 and 23 days, 100kg, 200kg and 300kg of disease and insect prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer is scattered after soil preparation and before ditching and seedling planting, and conventional management is used as a control. The control effect on the root-knot nematodes is 100 percent, and the relative control effects on the tobacco plant hoppers are 80.32 percent, 85.58 percent and 92.31 percent respectively.
(2) In 2016, 4 and 5 days, 200kg of disease and pest prevention bio-organic fertilizer is used in a fragrant village slope-transporting leek field in old towns, and investigation is carried out on 27 days in 4 months, so that no bradysia odoriphaga larvae are found and are harmful. In 2016, 5 months and 10 days, the insect expelling and killing effects are tested in another leek field of a farmer, and no larvae are found and are harmed after multiple examinations. And 6, in 2016, and 30 days, repeating the repelling effect for the third time, cutting off the Chinese chives in the stubble cultivation stage, constructing a suitable living environment by using a sun-shading net, harvesting after 14 days, and ensuring that the Chinese chives are not larval and harmful, and are fresh and tender and have sufficient fragrance.
(3) In 2018, 8, 9 and death occurs after carrot seedlings emerge in one room in Xingji city. Through field investigation, the yellow flea beetle is determined to be the damage. The striped flea beetle is a soil-living pest, and larvae and adults live in soil. The larva eats underground young roots, and the adult climbs out of the small hole to eat overground seedlings. 2 times of the medicine is good and ineffective at all. The full-nutrient bio-organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and insects is applied in a broadcasting way, and fennel is sown after adult insects and larvae are killed and repelled by seeds. The damage to the field is not serious, and the growth is good.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pest-preventing full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising fermented chicken manure, plant ash, tobacco stems and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented chicken manure to the plant ash to the tobacco stems is 50-70: 20: 20-30, and the content of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1-5 g/kg.
2. The disease and pest prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermented chicken manure is prepared by fermenting chicken manure with a microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and trichoderma reesei.
3. The disease and insect prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total content of flora in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
4. The preparation method of the disease and insect prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
inoculating a microbial agent into the chicken manure, and fermenting until the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed; mixing the fermented chicken manure, the plant ash and the tobacco stems according to the mass ratio of 50-70: 20: 20-30, adding 1-5 g/kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, mixing and crushing.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the chicken manure fermentation comprises the steps of controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be less than or equal to 30%, inoculating a microbial agent according to the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the microbial agent of 1000:1, uniformly mixing, and then fermenting until the mixture is thoroughly decomposed to obtain the fermented chicken manure.
6. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the chicken manure is fermented once every 2 to 3 days, and the fermentation lasts for more than 10 days until the chicken manure is completely decomposed.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the mixture is pulverized and directly bagged to obtain powder; or transferring to a cold-pressing granulation machine, and pressing into granules.
8. The use of the full-nutrition biological organic fertilizer for preventing diseases and insects as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, which is directly applied to a crop planting field.
9. The application of the disease and insect prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the application amount is 100-1600 kg/mu.
10. The application of the disease and pest prevention total nutrient bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the crops comprise wheat, corn, potato, yam, Chinese cabbage, tomato, cucumber, melon, carrot and leek.
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| CN103193527A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-07-10 | 河南农业大学 | Organic fertilizer fermented by chicken manure and production method of organic fertilizer |
| CN105061046A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-18 | 辛集市方圣农业科技有限公司 | Multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer mixture and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107778100A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-09 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biological organic fertilizer of rod containing cigarette and bacillus amyloliquefaciens and preparation method thereof |
| CN114437982A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-06 | 青岛力力惠生物科技股份有限公司 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for improving soil fertilizer efficiency and application thereof |
| CN114478136A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-13 | 河北馨仙养殖有限公司 | Disease and pest prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103193527A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-07-10 | 河南农业大学 | Organic fertilizer fermented by chicken manure and production method of organic fertilizer |
| CN105061046A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-18 | 辛集市方圣农业科技有限公司 | Multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer mixture and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107778100A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-09 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biological organic fertilizer of rod containing cigarette and bacillus amyloliquefaciens and preparation method thereof |
| CN114478136A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-13 | 河北馨仙养殖有限公司 | Disease and pest prevention full-nutrition bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114437982A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-06 | 青岛力力惠生物科技股份有限公司 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for improving soil fertilizer efficiency and application thereof |
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