CN114853693B - 季铵盐离子液体及其制备方法和作为金属缓蚀剂的应用 - Google Patents
季铵盐离子液体及其制备方法和作为金属缓蚀剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- DVLFYONBTKHTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCN1CCOCC1 DVLFYONBTKHTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960005190 phenylalanine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YYGRHZGRPBCGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC1=C(C=CC=C1)Cl.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ClC1=C(C=CC=C1)Cl.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YYGRHZGRPBCGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007993 MOPS buffer Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 quaternary ammonium salt cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/088—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
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- C07C227/18—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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Abstract
本发明公开了三种季铵盐离子液体，其分子结构式如下所示：
Description
技术领域
本发明属于离子液体技术领域，具体涉及一类季铵盐离子液体、制备方法以及其作为金属缓蚀剂、尤其是镁合金缓蚀剂的应用。
背景技术
镁合金拥有理想的物理性能，具有密度低、比性能好、减震性能好、导电导热性能良好、工艺性能良好等优点。这些性质使镁合金在航空航天、交通运输、电子工业和医疗领域都拥有广阔的应用前景。但是，镁合金标准电位低、化学活性高、耐蚀性差、即使在工业大气、海洋大气环境中都会产生严重的腐蚀，极大地限制了其应用。因此，如何解决镁合金的腐蚀问题成为镁合金在各个领域中广泛应用的关键因素。而添加缓蚀剂是一种适用性强的腐蚀抑制方法，它的使用能有效抑制金属腐蚀，在保护资源、减少材料损失方面起着举足轻重的作用。
缓蚀剂是以一种适当的浓度和形式存在于腐蚀介质中，可以有效地减缓金属及其合金腐蚀的一类化学物质或复合物。与其它防腐技术相比，缓蚀剂具有易于操作、设备简单、成本低、和效率高等优点。由于缓蚀剂具有良好的性能和较高的收益，现已被广泛应用于生产与生活中涉及金属防腐的多个领域。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷，旨在解决金属镁及其合金腐蚀等问题，提供一类缓蚀性能良好、高效、经济的季铵盐离子液体。
本发明还提供了上述季铵盐离子液体的简便制备方法以及其作为金属缓蚀剂，尤其是镁合金缓蚀剂的应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一类季铵盐离子液体（[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp]），其分子结构式如下述任一所示：
。
本发明提供了上述季铵盐离子液体的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1）在溶剂甲苯及惰性气体（如氩气、氮气等）存在条件下，将联苯二氯苄与N,N-二甲基苄胺在100-110℃下反应16±4h，得到[DMBAB][Cl]；
2）在溶剂乙醇存在条件下，将[DMBAB][Cl] 与KOH在25±5℃反应6±2h，得到[DMBAB][OH]；
3）在溶剂乙醇存在条件下，将[DMBAB][OH] 与3-吗啉丙磺酸、L-苯丙氨酸或L-色氨酸在50±5℃下反应12±4h发生阴离子交换，即得到季铵盐离子液体[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]和[DMBAB][Trp]。
具体的，步骤1）中，联苯二氯苄与N,N-二甲基苄胺的物质的量之比为1:2-3，优选为1:2.4。
具体的，步骤2）中，[DMBAB][Cl]与KOH的物质的量之比为1:2。
进一步的，步骤3）中，[DMBAB][OH]与3-吗啉丙磺酸、L-苯丙氨酸或L-色氨酸的物质的量之比为1:2。依据反应式，生成的[DMBAB][OH]与原料[DMBAB][Cl]的摩尔量是一样的，因此也可以说[DMBAB][Cl]与3-吗啉丙磺酸、L-苯丙氨酸或L-色氨酸的物质的量之比为1:2。
本发明还提供了上述季铵盐离子液体作为金属缓蚀剂的应用。
进一步的，上述季铵盐离子液体作为金属缓蚀剂的应用，所述金属优选为镁合金。
本发明三种季铵盐离子液体在镁合金防腐蚀方面效果显著，具体如下：
(1)电化学测试表明：三种离子液体[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]和[DMBAB][Trp] 对镁合金都有很好的缓蚀作用，浓度为0.7 mM 的[DMBAB][Trp] 在0.5 wt.% NaCl介质中对镁合金的缓蚀效果最好，缓蚀效率为88.8%；
(2) AZ91D Mg合金在0.5 wt.% NaCl 和使用0.5 wt.% NaCl 配制的浓度为0.3mM、0.5 mM、0.7mM的 [DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp] 缓蚀剂溶液中浸泡10h。与空白样品对比，通过一些形貌表征手段可以看出：三种离子液体对镁合金均有很好的缓蚀效果，且在0.7 mM的[DMBAB][Phe] 溶液中浸泡的镁合金表面最光滑，缓蚀效果最好。
本发明将季铵盐阳离子与三种有机酸阴离子结合在一起，形成了相对分子质量分别为867、779、857的大分子，因此它被认为可以覆盖更多的金属表面，从而提高缓蚀剂在金属表面的吸附能力。该分子中含有N、O、S 杂原子和共轭基团，这些杂原子和共轭基团一般能够与合金反应，吸附到镁合金表面上，从而起到腐蚀防护的作用。基于此，确定了它作为缓蚀剂来减缓镁合金腐蚀速度的工艺。和现有技术相比，本发明的优点和有益效果如下：
(1) 本发明[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp] 离子液体原料价格低廉、合成方法简单、反应条件温和、无需复杂后处理等优势；
(2) 本发明[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp] 离子液体含有N、O、S杂原子和共轭基团，易于与金属相互作用，在金属及合金表面和腐蚀介质之间形成膜层；
(3) 三种离子液体缓蚀剂是相对分子质量分别为867、779、857的大分子，可以更好地覆盖在金属表面，具有高效、经济等优点，提高了缓蚀剂分子在金属表面的吸附能力，在镁合金缓蚀应用方面具有非常好的前景。
附图说明
图1给出了AZ91D Mg 块在不同条件下的SEM 图，其中，a为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中10 h 后的SEM 图；b为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.%NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][MOPS] 的溶液中10 h 后的SEM 图；c为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][Phe] 的溶液中10 h 后的SEM 图；d为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.7 mM [DMBAB][Trp] 的溶液中10 h后的SEM 图；
图2给出了AZ91D Mg 块在不同条件下经清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图，其中，a为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；b为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][MOPS] 的溶液中10h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；c为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5mM [DMBAB][Phe] 的溶液中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；d为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.7 mM [DMBAB][Trp] 的溶液中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细介绍，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
下述如果无特殊说明，所用原料均为可以直接购买到的普通市售产品。
实施例1：
季铵盐离子液体3-吗啉丙磺酸二甲基苄基-1,1’-联对甲苯基铵 [DMBAB][MOPS]的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1) 在三口烧瓶中加入5.02 g（20 mmol）联苯二氯苄，200 mL溶剂甲苯，7.82 g（48 mmol）N,N-二甲基苄胺，在氮气保护下于100 ℃反应16 h。70℃减压蒸馏除去溶剂，使用乙酸乙酯洗涤三次，得到白色固体产物[DMBAB][Cl]（产率95%）；
(2) 取步骤(1)的产物[DMBAB][Cl] 5.21 g（10 mmol）于圆底烧瓶中，加入100 mL乙醇作为溶剂，加入1.12 g（20 mmol）KOH，于25℃反应6 h。随后通过真空过滤分离将KCl除去，重复该步骤三次，以确保最终产物的纯度；
(3) 在步骤(2)所得溶液中加入4.18 g（20 mmol）3-吗啉丙磺酸，并在50℃下反应12 h。通过40 ℃减压蒸馏，得到粘稠液体。产物在60℃真空干燥箱进一步干燥24 h。所得淡黄色粘稠液体即为[DMBAB][MOPS] 离子液体（产率：92.0%）；其图谱信息如下：
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 7.91 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 4H), 7.72 (d, J =7.9 Hz, 4H), 7.65~7.51 (m, 10H), 4.65 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 8H), 3.56 (s, 8H),2.91 (s, 12H), 2.38 (d, J = 37.3 Hz, 16H), 1.73 (s, 4H)；结构式如下所示：
。
实施例2：
季铵盐离子液体L-苯丙氨酸二甲基苄基-1,1’-联对甲苯基铵[DMBAB][Phe]的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1) 同实施例1步骤(1)；
(2) 同实施例1步骤(2)；
(3) 在步骤(2)所得溶液中加入3.30 g（20 mmol）L-苯丙氨酸，在50℃下反应12h，通过旋蒸浓缩，得到粘稠液体。产物在60℃真空干燥箱干燥24 h。所得淡黄色粘稠液体即为[DMBAB][Phe] 离子液体（产率：94.5%）；其图谱信息如下：
1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d 4) δ: 7.87 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.71 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.58 (q, J = 5.7, 4.9 Hz, 10H), 7.30~7.22 (m, 10H), 4.64 (dd,J = 10.0, 6.8 Hz, 8H), 3.56 (dd, J = 8.4, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (dd, J = 13.9,4.6 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s, J = 4.2 Hz, 12H), 2.84 (dd, J = 13.8, 8.5 Hz, 2H)。结构式如下所示：
。
实施例3：
季铵盐离子液体L-色氨酸二甲基苄基-1,1’-联对甲苯基铵[DMBAB][Trp] 的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1) 同实施例1步骤(1)；
(2) 同实施例1步骤(2)；
(3) 在步骤(2)所得溶液中加入4.10g（20 mmol）L-色氨酸，在50℃下反应12 h，并通过旋蒸浓缩，得到粘稠液体。产物在60℃真空干燥箱进一步干燥24 h。所得深褐色固体即为[DMBAB][Trp] 离子液体（产率：91.40%）；其图谱信息如下：
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ: 7.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.73 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.66~7.60 (m, 4H), 7.53 (q, J = 6.1 Hz, 8H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 2H), 7.19 – 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.05~6.98 (m, 2H), 6.92 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H),4.72 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 8H), 3.45 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (s, 12H)。结构式如下所示：
。
应用试验1、缓蚀剂[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp] 在0.5 wt.%NaCl介质中对AZ91D Mg合金的缓蚀性能
在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中配制不同浓度的[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]和[DMBAB][Trp]（如表1），使用CHI650E 电化学工作站对Mg 合金进行测试，电化学试验在三电极系统下进行，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极（SCE），铂电极为对电极（CE），AZ91D镁合金为工作电极（WE）。用于电化学测量的AZ91D Mg（其组成：7.19 wt.％ Al，0.67 wt.％ Zn，0.3wt.％ Mn，0.001 wt.％ Cu，<0.001 wt.％ Fe，<0.01 wt.％ Ca，余量为Mg）大小为1.00 cm×1.00 cm×0.50 cm。同时，将电化学样品嵌入环氧树脂中，只留下暴露于测试溶液1.00cm2的一面。在所有实验之前，工作表面预先进行下述处理：用砂纸（金相砂纸：180-600-1500-3000）机械抛光，至合金表面光亮镜面，然后用去离子水冲洗，再用无水乙醇清洗，去离子水再次清洗并常温干燥。所有样品在1 h之内被检测。
表1为在不同浓度的[DMBAB][MOPS]、[DMBAB][Phe]、[DMBAB][Trp] 下，所测得的阻抗效率。由表1可以看出：在0.5 wt.% NaCl下不同浓度缓蚀剂对AZ91D Mg 合金的缓蚀效率为66%~88%，0.7 mM的[DMBAB][Trp] 在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中对镁合金的缓蚀效果最好，缓蚀效率为88.8%。
表1 在0.5 wt.% NaCl 下不同浓度缓蚀剂对AZ91D Mg 合金的缓蚀效率(%)
图1给出了AZ91D Mg 块在不同条件下的SEM 图，其中，图1中a为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中10 h 后的SEM 图；图1中b为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][MOPS] 的溶液中10 h 后的SEM 图；图1中c为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][Phe] 的溶液中10h 后的SEM 图；图1中d为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.7 mM[DMBAB][Trp] 的溶液中10 h 后的SEM 图。通过比较图1中a~d的SEM 图发现：加有缓蚀剂的图1b~d的镁合金表面腐蚀产物较少，其中图1c的镁合金表面膜层最为致密，腐蚀产物最少。说明缓蚀剂对AZ91 Mg 合金起到了很好的腐蚀防护作用，其中在浸泡一段时间后[DMBAB][Phe] 的防腐效果最好。
图2给出了AZ91D Mg 在不同条件下经清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图，其中，图2中a为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；图2中b为将AZ91D Mg合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][MOPS] 的溶液中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；图2中c为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.%NaCl 介质及0.5 mM [DMBAB][Phe] 的溶液中10 h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图；图2中d为将AZ91D Mg 合金样品放置在含0.5 wt.% NaCl 介质及0.7 mM [DMBAB][Trp] 的溶液中10h，清洗腐蚀产物后的SEM 图。通过比较图2中a~d的SEM 图发现：图2b~d中的镁合金表面腐蚀坑较少，表面较光滑,，其中图2c上的镁合金表面最光滑。
综上说明，三种离子液体缓蚀剂可以更好地覆盖在金属尤其是镁合金表面，提高了缓蚀剂分子在金属表面的吸附能力，同时能在镁合金表面形成致密的膜层，从而达到良好的缓蚀效果，在镁合金缓蚀应用方面具有非常好的前景。
最后所应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.季铵盐离子液体，其特征在于，分子结构式如下述任一所示：
。
2.权利要求1所述季铵盐离子液体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1）在溶剂甲苯及惰性气体存在条件下，将联苯二氯苄与N,N-二甲基苄胺在100-110℃下反应16±4h，得到[DMBAB][Cl]；
2）在溶剂乙醇存在条件下，将[DMBAB][Cl] 与KOH在25±5℃反应6±2h，得到[DMBAB][OH]；
3）在溶剂乙醇存在条件下，将[DMBAB][OH] 与3-吗啉丙磺酸、L-苯丙氨酸或L-色氨酸在50±5℃下反应12±4h，即得到季铵盐离子液体。
3.如权利要求2所述季铵盐离子液体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，联苯二氯苄与N,N-二甲基苄胺的物质的量之比为1:2-3。
4.如权利要求2所述季铵盐离子液体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）中，[DMBAB][Cl]与KOH的物质的量之比为1:2。
5.如权利要求2所述季铵盐离子液体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）中，[DMBAB][OH]与3-吗啉丙磺酸、L-苯丙氨酸或L-色氨酸的物质的量之比为1:2。
6.权利要求1所述季铵盐离子液体作为金属缓蚀剂的应用，其特征在于，所述金属为镁合金。
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