CN114807605A - 一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法,包括以下步骤:向加热的银电解废液中加入氯化钠,得到氯化银沉淀,氯化银过滤结束后反复洗涤使氯化银滤渣pH值达到5~7,滤液进行铜铂钯等金属的综合回收;氯化银渣加水进行浆化,不断提高搅拌转速,向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到10~12;向调节了pH值的物料中加入双氧水,氯化银在双氧水作用下被还原成银粉,过滤洗涤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解,过滤后的滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理。旧电解液回用后,可将旧液中超过98%的银变成银粉重新造液,该方法减少了中间槽存,加快了银变现速度,对环境绿色友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于稀贵金属湿法冶金领域,涉及银电解废液的处理方法,具体涉及一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法。
背景技术
电解法是目前银生产企业普遍采用的制银方法,通过电解法制备的银粉可以达到99.9-99.999wt%的纯度,其具有操作简单、试剂消耗少、变现周期短、产品纯度高且稳定、可回收阳极板中的铂族金属等优点。根据上游阳极泥来料特点,富集后的粗银阳极板一般含银约90%以上,其化学成分复杂,在电解过程中,部分杂质元素如钯、铜、铅、硒、碲、铋等会进入溶液,随着电解时间延长,杂质元素积累到一定浓度会在阴极析出进入银粉中,影响电解银粉的纯度。因此,采用电解法制备银粉的过程中,银电解液净化效果不仅直接影响电解银粉质量,也关系到后续电解银粉的加工成本,因此研究高效率的银电解废液循环利用技术显得非常重要。
目前传统的银电解液净化处理或循环利用技术主要包括以下几种方法:(1)氯化钠或盐酸沉淀法,用氯化钠水溶液或盐酸使银电解液废液中的银沉淀为AgCl,达到银与杂质元素分离的效果,AgCl用铁置换成粗银后返回卡尔多炉处 理,或者AgCl直接返入卡尔多炉处理,铸成阳极板再次电解;(2)置换法,用铜置换出废电解液中的银,置换出的粗银粉返入卡尔多炉熔炼成银阳极板再次电解。以上两种方法流程简单,操作方便,但存在收率不高,中间槽存大的缺点;(3)热分解法,利用硝酸与其它贱金属的分解温度不同将其分离,控制一定温度使贱金属硝酸盐分解为氧化物而硝酸银不分解,然后加热水使硝酸银溶解,而贱金属氧化物不溶于水,经固液分离硝酸银溶液可重新使用,贱金属氧化物送火法系统处理。该法存在流程长、操作繁杂、成本高、有安全隐患等缺陷;(4)水解法,用氢氧化钠调节电解液pH值,水解沉淀银电解废液中的杂质元素。利用Ag+与Cu2+、Pb2+、Bi3+、Sb3+水解pH值差异较大的原理,通过添加氢氧化钠和精确控制pH值,使得Cu2+、Pb2+、Bi3+、Sb3+杂质离子水解形成沉淀,而Ag+留在溶液中,从而实现银与杂质元素的分离。目前,水解法已成为银电解废液净化处理应用最广泛的方法。该方法的缺点是银电解液中的钠离子会不断富集,最终影响电解银粉质量,每隔一段时间电解液需更换一次。
发明内容
本发明是针对银电解过程中银电解液中杂质元素不断富集并在阴极析出影响银粉质量的问题,提供一种银电解旧液的更新处理方法,本发明方法具有流程简短,操作简便,环保效果好,收率高,循环使用的电解液纯净不含钠盐等优点。旧电解液回用后,可将旧液中超过98%的银变成银粉重新造液。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):银电解废液在反应釜中被加热到50~70℃,向银电解废液中加入氯化钠,氯化钠加入量为银电解废液中银离子质量的65%~150%,在搅拌作用下反应15~30min,放出反应后液进行过滤,过滤结束后滤渣使用60~80℃热水洗涤,控制滤渣pH值为5~7,滤液进行铜铂钯等金属的综合回收;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的滤渣倒入反应釜,加水进行浆化,滤渣与水的质量比为1:(2~3),搅拌时长30~60min,然后向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到10~12;
步骤(3):开启步骤(2)中反应釜抽气,向步骤(2)浆化料中缓慢定量加入双氧水,双氧水浓度为30%~40%,加入量为步骤(1)所得滤渣质量的60%~120%;
步骤(4):将步骤(3)得到的反应物料进行过滤洗涤,过滤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解;过滤后的滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理。
步骤(1)中,银电解废液的主要成分为:Ag:50~80g/L、Pd:0.05~0.15g/L、Cu:40~60g/L、Fe:0.01~0.04g/L、Se:0.002~0.02g/L、Te:0.005~0.012g/L、Bi:0.0005~0.0015g/L、H+:0.05~0.15 mol/L。。
本发明的有益技术效果:
(1)与传统方法相比,该方法收率更高,流程简短。传统的银电解液回收方法采用氯化沉银法后,氯化银则投入炉子熔炼,由于氯化银颗粒细小,部分氯化银投入炉子后飞扬进入排烟管道,导致直收率下降;
(2)传统的水解法处理旧电解液,虽然分离了电解液中的部分杂质元素,但造成电解液中钠离子不断富集,最终影响银粉质量,本发明方法可以得到纯净的电解新液,不需要彻底更换所有电解液;
(3)与传统方法相比,使用双氧水法还原氯化银,更加环保高效,副产物有水、氯化钠和氧气,对环境友好无污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本发明是一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):银电解废液在反应釜中被加热到50-70℃,向银电解废液中加入氯化钠,氯化钠加入量为电解液中银离子质量的65%~150%,在搅拌作用下反应15~30min,放出反应后液进行过滤,过滤结束后滤渣使用60~80℃热水洗涤2~3次,控制滤渣pH值达到5~7,滤液进行铜铂钯等金属的综合回收;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的滤渣倒入反应釜,加水进行浆化,滤渣与水的质量比为1:(2~3),不断提高搅拌转速,最终达到300~500r/min,搅拌时间为30~60min,向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到10~12;
步骤(3):开启步骤(2)中反应釜抽气,向步骤(2)中调节了pH值为10~12的浆化料中缓慢定量加入双氧水,双氧水浓度为30%~40%,加入量为步骤(1)所得滤渣的60%~120%;
步骤(4):将步骤(3)得到的反应物料进行过滤洗涤,过滤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解;过滤后的滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理;
旧电解液回用后,可将旧液中超过98%的银变成银粉重新造液,大大减少了氯化银量,减少了中间槽存,加快了银变现速度。
实施例1
取废旧电解液3m³进行回收处理。参见表1,废旧电解液化学成分如下:
表1 废旧电解液化学成分表
步骤(1):银电解废液在反应釜中被加热到55℃,向银电解废液中加入氯化钠,氯化钠加入量为电解液中银离子质量的90%,共196公斤。在搅拌作用下反应30min,放出反应后液进行过滤,过滤结束后滤渣使用70℃热水洗涤2次,测定滤渣pH值达到6.3,滤液进行铜、铂、钯等金属的综合回收处理;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的滤渣倒入反应釜,加水进行浆化,滤渣与水的质量比为1:2,不断提高搅拌转速,最终达到445r/min,搅拌时间为40min,向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到11;
步骤(3):开启步骤(2)中反应釜抽气,向步骤(2)中调节了pH值的浆化料中缓慢定量加入双氧水,双氧水浓度为30%,加入量为步骤(1)所得滤渣的88%;
步骤(4):将步骤(3)得到的反应物料进行过滤洗涤,过滤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解;滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理。旧电解液回收处理后,电解液中银的一次回收率达到98.5%。
实施例2
取废旧电解液5m³进行回收处理。参见表2,废旧电解液化学成分如下:
表2 废旧电解液化学成分
步骤(1):银电解废液在反应釜中被加热到70℃,向银电解废液中加入氯化钠,氯化钠加入量为电解液中银离子质量的100%,共165公斤。在搅拌作用下反应20min,放出反应后液进行过滤,过滤结束后滤渣使用80℃热水洗涤3次,滤渣pH值达到6.5,滤液进行铜铂钯等金属的综合回收;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的滤渣倒入反应釜,加水进行浆化,滤渣与水的质量比为1:2.5,不断提高搅拌转速,最终达到450r/min,搅拌时间为50min,向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到12;
步骤(3):开启步骤(2)中反应釜抽气,向步骤(2)中调节了pH值的浆化料中缓慢定量加入双氧水,双氧水浓度为35%,加入量为步骤(1)所得滤渣的100%;
步骤(4):将步骤(3)得到的反应物料进行过滤洗涤,过滤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解,过滤后的滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理;旧电解液回收处理后,电解液中银的一次回收率达到99%以上。
Claims (2)
1.一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):银电解废液在反应釜中被加热到50~70℃,向银电解废液中加入氯化钠,氯化钠加入量为银电解废液中银离子质量的65%~150%,在搅拌作用下反应15~30min,放出反应后液进行过滤,过滤结束后滤渣使用60~80℃热水洗涤,控制滤渣pH值为5~7,滤液进行铜铂钯等金属的综合回收;
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得的滤渣倒入反应釜,加水进行浆化,滤渣与水的质量比为1:(2~3),搅拌混合均匀,然后向浆化好的物料中添加固体NaOH,使浆化料的pH值达到10~12;
步骤(3):开启步骤(2)中反应釜抽气,向步骤(2)浆化料中缓慢定量加入双氧水,双氧水浓度为30%~40%,加入量为步骤(1)所得滤渣质量的60%~120%;
步骤(4):将步骤(3)得到的反应物料进行过滤洗涤,过滤得到的银粉使用硝酸制备新电解液,用于阳极板电解;过滤后的滤液主要为氯化钠溶液,外排到废水处理系统进行废水处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种双氧水更新银电解液的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,银电解废液的主要成分为:Ag:50~80g/L、Pd:0.05~0.15g/L、Cu:40~60g/L、Fe:0.01~0.04g/L、Se:0.002~0.02g/L、Te:0.005~0.012g/L、Bi:0.0005~0.0015g/L、H+:0.05~0.15 mol/L。
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