CN114793580A

CN114793580A - Microbial agent allocation method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation

Info

Publication number: CN114793580A
Application number: CN202210315325.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆红飞; 吴刚山; 严方; 孙健; 李国晓; 李守学; 王涛
Original assignee: Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Current assignee: Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Priority date: 2022-03-28
Filing date: 2022-03-28
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-28
Also published as: CN114793580B

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial agent distribution method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation, which is divided into three sections from transplanting, wherein the three sections are harvested in 1-10 days, namely a green turning period, a tillering period and an elongation period of 11-60 days, a reproductive period of 61-115 days and a yellow mature period of 116 d; in the green turning period, natural water irrigation is carried out; in the tillering stage and the jointing stage, the regenerated water is irrigated, the soil moisture of the rice field is controlled to be 70% -100% of the saturated water content of the soil, and when the soil moisture is lower than 70% of the saturated water content of the soil, the regenerated water is irrigated to be 100% of the saturated water content of the soil; and in the reproduction period, natural water irrigation is carried out, the soil moisture of the rice field is controlled to be 70% -100% of the saturated water content of the soil, and when the soil moisture is lower than 70% of the saturated water content of the soil, the regenerated water is irrigated to 100% of the saturated water content of the soil. The regenerated water and the natural water are irrigated in a combined mode, and the microbial agent is applied in a matched mode, so that the growth of the rice is promoted, and the yield of the rice is increased.

Description

Microbial agent distribution method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rice planting method, in particular to a microbial agent distribution method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation.

Background

Reclaimed water irrigation becomes an effective means for relieving contradiction between water supply and demand worldwide so as to relieve the problem of water resource shortage, particularly in areas with insufficient water demand relieving measures, although the reclaimed water irrigation can save fertilizer cost and promote crop growth, the reclaimed water has high salt content and is easy to cause soil salinization; the normal growth of crops can be influenced under the condition of long-term regenerated water irrigation. Therefore, how to prevent and resolve the risks and threats caused by the irrigation of the reclaimed water in agricultural production is a key problem of the irrigation of the reclaimed water.

At present, the similar technology mostly adopts alternate irrigation of reclaimed water and clear water to slow down the accumulation of soil salinity, or is matched with additives to promote crops to grow in the saline soil, and the technical scheme combining the reclaimed water and the clear water is less.

At present, various types of microbial agents are used for improving soil environment in the market, for example, the microbial agents disclosed in CN202111193307.4, cn202110414074.x and the like can promote the growth of crops in adverse circumstances, but microbial agent allocation schemes for special water sources, such as regenerated water, brackish water and the like, are lacked.

In the prior art, measures such as filtration, biological purification, disinfection and the like are adopted for safe utilization of the reclaimed water, so that the harm of the reclaimed water to the environment is greatly reduced, for example, a reclaimed water irrigation heavy metal elimination method (CN201711402453.7) can reduce heavy metals in the reclaimed water; a reclaimed water irrigation groundwater pollution risk assessment method (CN 107563603A) is used for assessing the risk of reclaimed water irrigation, even if the conductivity of the reclaimed water discharged from a sewage treatment plant at present is more than 1000 mu S/cm, the soil salinization is inevitably caused by long-term irrigation. Also, technical personnel design a safe combined utilization device (CN 111418480 a) for brackish water and reclaimed water in field irrigation, and the idea is to mix reclaimed water and brackish water in a certain ratio to reduce the conductivity of water, so that the utilization space of brackish water is expanded, but the conductivity of mixed water is still high. Therefore, if the reclaimed water is used for irrigation, firstly the irrigation time length is strictly controlled, and secondly measures are needed to adjust the soil environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for distributing a microbial agent for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a microbial agent dispensing method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation, which comprises the following steps:

(1) from the time of transplanting, dividing the rice growth period into three sections by 10 days after transplanting and 60 days after transplanting, namely harvesting in 1-10 d, namely a green turning period, 11-60 d tillering period and jointing period, a reproductive period of 61-115 and a yellow mature period of 116 d; in the green turning period, natural water is adopted for irrigation, and the water depth of the rice field is kept to be about 10 cm;

(2) in the tillering stage and the jointing stage, the rice field is irrigated by using regenerated water, the soil moisture of the rice field is controlled to be 70% -100% of the saturated water content of the soil, and when the soil moisture is lower than 70% of the saturated water content of the soil, the regenerated water is irrigated to be 100% of the saturated water content of the soil;

(3) and in the reproduction period, natural water is adopted for irrigation, the soil moisture of the rice field is controlled to be 70% -100% of the saturated water content of the soil, and when the soil moisture is lower than 70% of the saturated water content of the soil, the regenerated water is irrigated to 100% of the saturated water content of the soil.

Further, on the first day of the reproductive period, namely the 61 th day after the seedlings are transplanted, the microbial agent is poured into a water bucket, the natural water is fully stirred, then the microbial agent is uniformly sowed into the rice field, and a water layer of about 5cm in the field is kept for 1-2 days. The function is as follows: the method is beneficial to uniformly inoculating the microbial inoculum to the surface layer of the soil and promoting the migration of microorganisms to the deep soil; ② about 5cm of water layer irrigates the collected salt on the root layer by using regenerated water in the tillering stage and the jointing stage to migrate downwards so as to weaken the forced damage of the salt on rice.

Further, when the conductivity (EC) of the used reclaimed water is lower than 1500 (mu S/cm), 0.34g of bacillus subtilis (phosphate solubilizing, potassium solubilizing and nitrogen fixing) and 0.11g of saccharomyces cerevisiae (beneficial to improving the quality of thousand grains and increasing chlorophyll of leaves) are applied to each kg of soil; when the EC was greater than 1500(μ S/cm), 0.45g of Bacillus subtilis or 0.45g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was applied per kg of soil (maintaining higher yield).

Further, the ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomyces cerevisiae is as follows: 1.25-5 g to 1.25-5 g.

Further, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g.

Further, the yellow ripe stage is naturally dried without irrigation.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: under the condition of combined irrigation of the regenerated water and the natural water, the microbial agent is applied to promote the growth of the rice, realize the resource utilization of the regenerated water and greatly improve the yield of the rice.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows the treatment yields in 2018 and 2019 trials;

fig. 2 shows the thousand grain mass of the test subjects in 2018 and 2019.

Detailed Description

The test is carried out in 5 months to 10 months in 2018 and 10 months in 2019, and 2 irrigation water sources are designed: regenerated water and clean water (i.e., water with low conductivity, including river water, well water, etc. tap water, which is used in the test); the tested crop is rice, and the irrigation mode is controlled irrigation. The conductivity EC of the reclaimed water in 2018 and 2019 is 1411and 1723 mu S/cm, and the conductivity EC of the tap water is 259 and 241 mu S/cm.

Controlling an irrigation mode, keeping a water layer of 0-5 cm after transplanting to turn green and live, and not establishing water layers in other growth periods, wherein the upper limit of the soil moisture control of a root layer is the saturated water content, and the lower limit is 60-80% of the saturated water content of the soil according to different growth periods, namely 60-70% of a tillering period (high in the early stage and low in the later stage), 70-75% of a stem-pulling and booting period, 75-80% of a heading and flowering period and 65-70% of a milk stage. The 1 st day of the rice growth period on the transplanting day is marked as S1. In 2018, the seedbed is arranged and soaked in seeds in 3 days in 5 months, the seeds are sowed in 5 days in 5 months, the seedlings are transplanted in 14 days in 6 months, 2 plants are planted in each hole, the seedlings are harvested in 18 days in 10 months, and the total growth period is 127 days. Sorting seedbeds and soaking seeds in 2019, 4-month and 17-day, sowing seeds in 29-day 4-month, transplanting seeds in 2-day 6-month, harvesting seeds in 8-day 10-month, and the total growth period is 129 d. 11kg of soil is filled in each pot, the using amounts of urea, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (all are analytically pure) are respectively 2.5g, 1.0g and 3.0g, and all fertilizers are applied in a basal mode (the fertilizers are uniformly scattered on the surface of the soil, and the fertilizers and 0-5 cm of surface soil are uniformly mixed by manual stirring); the soil moisture condition is controlled by a weighing method.

Under the condition of controlled irrigation, irrigating with regenerated water for 10-60 days after each treatment; after the irrigation with clear water is resumed (61 d-harvest), the test shows that the amount of the bacillus subtilis (B) and the yeast (Y) is 5 in total, the amount of the B and the Y are respectively 5 and 0g, 3.75 and 1.25g, 2.5 and 2.5g, 1.25 and 3.75g, and 0 and 5g, the corresponding amount of the dry soil is 0.45g/kg and 0, 0.34g/kg and 0.11g/kg, 0.225g/kg and 0.225g/kg, 0.11g/kg and 0.34g/kg, and the bacterial agent treatment is not applied (J0). The experimental treatment settings are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 test inoculum ratio

Note: irrigating with reclaimed water 10-60 days after transplanting, and irrigating with clear water in the rest period; and (6) on the 61 th day after transplanting, uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum with clear water, and filling the mixture into a basin.

According to the invention, the yield increasing effect of the microorganism bacteria under the reclaimed water-clear water combined irrigation is evaluated according to the rice yield and the thousand-grain quality. As can be seen from FIG. 1, in 2018, the treatment yield of J0-J5 is remarkably different from that of Z treatment, the amplification is 3.33-5.27 times, and the amplification of J2 treatment is the highest; thousand-grain mass results show that the thousand-grain mass of rice is remarkably increased by adopting reclaimed water-clear water combined irrigation and applying the microbial agent in 2018. In 2019, the dry ear mass of the J0, J1, J3, J4 and J5 treated ears is increased by 251.85%, 311.11%, 7.41%, 61.11% and 137.04% respectively compared with the Z treatment, wherein the differences of the J0, the J1 and the Z treatment are obvious; and the thousand grain weight of the J0, J1, J4 and J5 treatments is also higher than that of the Z treatment.

As can be seen from the above, the rice yield is increased by adopting the combination irrigation of the regenerated water and the clear water compared with the irrigation of the regenerated water, and the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae which are used for a certain proportion of time can play a role in enhancing. . The comparison of the results in two years shows that the conductivity (EC) of the reclaimed water adopted in 2019 is greatly higher than that in 2018, so that the yield of all the treatments in 2019 is lower than that in 2018, and therefore, the conductivity of the reclaimed water is a main limiting factor of the rice yield when the reclaimed water is adopted for irrigation, which also reflects the problem of soil salinization caused by the reclaimed water irrigation mentioned in the technical background of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing and applying a microbial agent for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) from the time of transplanting, dividing the growth period of the rice into three sections by 10 days after transplanting and 60 days after transplanting, namely harvesting in 1-10 d, namely a green turning period, 11-60 d tillering period and jointing period, a reproductive period of 61-115 d and a yellow mature period of 116 d; in the green turning period, natural water is adopted for irrigation, and the water depth of the rice field is kept to be about 10 cm;

2. The method for dispensing a microbial agent for use in the combined irrigation of reclaimed water and clear water for rice fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: on the first day of the reproductive period, namely 61 days after transplanting of seedlings, pouring the microbial inoculum into a water bucket, fully stirring with natural water, uniformly sowing into a rice field, and keeping a water layer of about 5cm in the field for 1-2 days.

3. The method for dispensing a microbial inoculant for use in the combined re-generation and fresh water irrigation of rice fields as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: when the conductivity EC of the used regeneration water is below 1500. mu.S/cm, 0.34g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.11g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are applied per kg of soil.

4. The method for dispensing a microbial inoculant for use in the combined re-generation and fresh water irrigation of rice fields as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: when the conductivity EC of the used regeneration water is more than 1500. mu.S/cm, 0.45g of Bacillus subtilis or 0.45g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is applied per kg of soil.

5. The method for dispensing a microbial inoculant for use in the combined re-generation and fresh water irrigation of rice fields as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomyces cerevisiae is as follows: 1.25-5 g to 1.25-5 g.

6. The method for dispensing a microbial inoculant for use in the combined re-generation and fresh water irrigation of rice fields as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g.

7. The method for dispensing a microbial agent for use in the combined irrigation of reclaimed water and clear water for rice fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the yellow ripening period, the water naturally falls to dryness without irrigation.