CN114698838A - 一种解酒护肝功能食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种解酒护肝功能食品及其制备方法,属于功能食品领域。该解酒护肝功能食品由以下重量份原料经过调配、杀菌、制粒或压片所制成:河蚬提取物20‑30份、紫苏叶提取物15‑20份、余甘子叶提取物10‑15份、蜂蜜3‑5份。所述解酒护肝功能食品可以制成胶囊、片剂或冲剂,易于服用,并且其具有显著的解酒效果以及预防和改善酒精性肝损伤的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能食品领域,特别是涉及一种解酒护肝功能食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着生活压力的增大和工作应酬的需要,越来越多的人养成了饮酒的生活习惯,但是长期过量饮酒容易对身体健康造成影响,可能会导致酒精性肝病(ALD),ALD早期表现为脂肪肝,随之发展为酒精性肝炎、肝纤维化和肝硬化。现有研究证明,ALD早期是可逆的,通常采取西医类药物如:糖皮质激素、秋水碱、己酮可可碱等药物改善酒精性肝病,但是长期服用会对机体产生毒害作用,也易产生耐药性,导致后期疗效不明显。
目前,有许多研究者以植物来源的材料或者水产动物材料为原料,通过萃取、酶解技术来提取制备解酒护肝的活性成分,解决西药存在的问题。而水产动物材料中河蚬已被证明可以作为醒酒、护肝的原料,许多研究者对此进行研究验证,但是现有技术仍大多探索单一河蚬酶解物的解酒效果,而关于河蚬是否能与其他原料复配制备解酒复合物的相关研究较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种解酒护肝功能食品及其制备方法,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,该解酒护肝功能食品具有天然的药食同源特性,无毒害副作用,能有效预防和改善酒精性肝损伤。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种解酒护肝功能食品,由以下重量份组分组成:河蚬提取物20-30份、紫苏叶提取物15-20份、余甘子叶提取物10-15份和蜂蜜3-5份。
进一步地,由以下重量份组分组成:河蚬提取物20份、紫苏叶提取物20份、余甘子叶提取物10份和蜂蜜3份。
进一步地,所述河蚬提取物中多肽重量含量不少于30%;所述紫苏叶提取物和所述余甘子叶提取物中总酚重量含量均不少于20%。。
本发明还提供一种上述的解酒护肝功能食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取河蚬肉加水匀浆,再向其中加入混合酶进行酶解,酶解结束后,离心取上清液,再将其浓缩后干燥,即得河蚬提取物;
(2)分别向紫苏叶和余甘子叶粉末中加水进行第一浸提,过滤得第一浸提液;再向沉淀中加水进行第二浸提,过滤得第二浸提液,将其与第一浸提液合并即得提取液,之后将所述提取液进行浓缩干燥,分别获得紫苏叶提取物和余甘子叶提取物;
(3)按照配比混合调配河蚬提取物、紫苏叶提取物、余甘子叶提取物和蜂蜜后,再添加20wt%麦芽糊精,经压片、干燥即得所述解酒护肝功能食品。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述加水量按料水比为1g:3mL添加。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述混合酶添加量占所述河蚬肉质量的1.3%,所述混合酶包括占比50wt%的碱性蛋白酶、25wt%的中性蛋白酶和25wt%的风味蛋白酶。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述酶解条件为pH=7.0,温度为55℃,酶解反应3h;所述离心条件为5000r/min离心20min。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述加水量为所述粉末质量的10-15倍,所述第一浸提条件为75℃浸提5h,所述第二浸提条件为100℃浸提45min。
进一步地,所述解酒护肝功能食品的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂或冲剂。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明以水产动物河蚬、植物材料紫苏叶、余甘子叶以及蜂蜜为原料,这些原料均具有天然的药食同源特性,无毒害副作用,长期服用不会对身体产生危害;本发明通过蛋白质酶解技术获得河蚬提取物具有解酒功效的活性成分,再与源于植物性材料萃取的有效成分复配使用,增加了有效成分的种类和数量,从而强化其效果,同时利用蜂蜜的粘性吸附性能,使解酒复合物更好的吸附在胃壁上,有效防止醉酒者发生呕吐导致药效降低,另外蜂蜜口感甜润,能够改善解酒护肝功能食品的风味,解决贝类酶解物腥苦味重的问题。
本发明通过实验验证水产动物酶解产物中的活性成分与植物性材料萃取成分之间具有协同增效作用,与对比例1-2单一来源原料制备的解酒护肝功能食品相比,本发明更能有效延长醉酒所需时间、缩短醒酒时间,显著降低醉酒小鼠血液乙醇的浓度,达到快速解酒的效果,并且服用本发明解酒护肝功能食品的实验组1-3中MDA、TG和GSH指标与正常小鼠基本无差异,由此证明本发明能够预防和改善酒精性肝损伤的疗效,具有良好的市场应用前景。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
一种解酒护肝功能食品,由以下重量份原料组成:河蚬提取物25份、紫苏叶提取物15份、余甘子叶提取物15份、蜂蜜4份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取河蚬肉,清洗干净后,按料水比1:3(g/mL)加水匀浆,调整pH至7.0,按照原料质量1.3%加入混合酶(碱性蛋白酶:中性蛋白酶:风味蛋白酶的质量比2:1:1),于55℃恒温提取3h,然后沸水浴灭酶10min,置冰浴中冷却后以5000r/min离心20min,收集上清液,将其进一步浓缩后进行喷雾干燥,得到河蚬提取物;该提取物中多肽重量含量不少于30%。
(2)将干燥后的紫苏叶、余甘子叶,分别研磨成粉,向粉末中加入粉末质量10-15倍的水,于75℃浸提5小时,过滤获得第一浸提液,再向沉淀中加入适量水,100℃浸提45min,过滤获得第二浸提液,合并第一浸提液和第二浸提液即得提取液,将其进一步浓缩后进行喷雾干燥,得到紫苏叶提取物、余甘子叶提取物;紫苏叶提取物和余甘子叶提取物中总酚重量含量均不少于20%。
(3)将河蚬提取物、紫苏叶提取物、余甘子叶提取物和蜂蜜进行混合调配,并添加20wt%的麦芽糊精,经过压片、喷雾干燥等制备成所述解酒护肝功能食品。
实施例2
一种解酒护肝功能食品,由以下重量份原料组成:河蚬提取物20份、紫苏叶提取物20份、余甘子叶提取物10份、蜂蜜3份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
一种解酒护肝功能食品,由以下重量份原料组成:河蚬提取物30份、紫苏叶提取物15份、余甘子叶提取物15份、蜂蜜5份。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例1
与实施例1区别在于,所述解酒护肝功能食品中不包括紫苏叶提取物和余甘子叶提取物。
对比例2
与实施例1区别在于,所述解酒护肝功能食品中不包括河蚬提取物。
试验例1
1.实验动物
SPF级雄性小鼠70只,体重18-22g,中国医学科学院医学试验动物研究所提供。
2.实验试剂
血乙醇测定试剂盒、丙二醇测定试剂盒、甘油三酯测定试剂盒、还原型谷胱甘肽测定试剂盒均购买于南京建成生物工程研究所。
3.实验方法
取70只SPF雄性小鼠,随机分为对照组10只、模型组10只、实验组1-5每组10只,禁食(不禁水)12h后称重,按照体重对照组、模型组灌胃0.1mL/10g BW蒸馏水,实验组1-5分别灌胃0.1mL/10g BW实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的解酒护肝功能食品(浓度为0.05g/mL);初次灌胃30min后对照组仍然灌胃蒸馏水,而模型组和实验组1-5灌胃0.16mL/10gBW的56度红星二锅头。参照高加龙的翻正试验观察判断小鼠醉酒状态,记录小鼠从灌酒到翻正反射消失(醉酒)所需时间和翻正反射消失(醉酒)到恢复(醒酒)所需时间(见表1)。在灌酒60min后对各组小鼠眼球取血,采用乙醇测定试剂盒测小鼠血液乙醇浓度(见表2)。模型组和实验组1-5连续灌胃7d红星二锅头,对照组每天灌胃蒸馏水。末次灌胃后引颈部处死,解剖取肝脏组织,测定丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)等生化指标,具体方法参照试剂盒说明书,实验结果见表3。
表1解酒护肝功能食品对各组小鼠醉酒和醒酒时间的影响
组别 | 醉酒动物/只 | 醉酒时间/min | 时间延长率 | 醒酒时间/min | 时间缩短率/% |
模型组 | 8 | 25.8 | - | 328.9 | - |
实验组1 | 3 | 52.6 | 103.88 | 242.6 | 26.24 |
实验组2 | 2 | 53.7 | 108.14 | 238.1 | 27.61 |
实验组3 | 3 | 51.9 | 101.16 | 246.3 | 25.11 |
实验组4 | 5 | 45.3 | 75.58 | 271.8 | 17.36 |
实验组5 | 6 | 39.2 | 51.94 | 290.7 | 11.61 |
表2解酒护肝功能食品对各组醉酒小鼠血液乙醇浓度的影响
组别 | 血乙醇浓度(mg/mL) |
模型组 | 5.8 |
实验组1 | 4.5 |
实验组2 | 4.4 |
实验组3 | 4.6 |
实验组4 | 5.1 |
实验组5 | 5.4 |
表3各组醉酒小鼠肝组织中MDA、TG和GSH含量结果
4.结果与分析
根据表1可以看出,与模型组相比,实验组1-5均能延长小鼠的醉酒所需时间,缩短小鼠的醒酒时间。但是实验组1-3明显比实验组4-5解酒效果更为明显,采用本发明的解酒护肝功能食品相对于模型组能够有效延长小鼠醉酒时间,延长率最高可达108.14%,并且还能明显缩短小鼠醒酒时间,与模型组比较本发明的时间缩短率可达27.61%,取得显著的解酒效果。
根据表2可知,实验组1-5相比于模型组,均能降低醉酒小鼠血液乙醇含量,但是采用对比例1-2解酒物的实验组4-5解酒效果相对于模型组不明显,而采用本发明的解酒护肝功能食品相较于模型组能显著降低醉酒小鼠血液乙醇的浓度,由此可知,本发明的解酒物可通过加大促进乙醇代谢的方式降低小鼠血液乙醇含量,达到快速解酒的效果。
根据表3可知,模型组与对照组相比,小鼠肝组织中的MDA、TG含量显著增长,GSH含量显著下降,证明饮酒会对机体的肝组织造成明显损伤,而采用本发明解酒护肝功能食品的实验组1-3中MDA、TG和GSH指标与对照组无显著差异,证明饮酒前服用该解酒物能够有效预防和缓解酒精性肝损伤,虽然采用对比例1-2解酒物的实验组4-5也取得缓解肝损伤的效果,但是相对于实验组1-3,仍然存在明显差距。并且结合表1-3可知,本发明的解酒护肝功能食品解酒功效明显优于对比例1-2,这进一步表明,本发明动物来源酶解物和植物来源提取物复配使用的解酒护肝功能食品的解酒效果明显优于单一动物来源或者植物来源的解酒物质,证明各成分具有协同增效作用,能够使解酒效果成倍增加。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种解酒护肝功能食品,其特征在于,由以下重量份组分组成:河蚬提取物20-30份、紫苏叶提取物15-20份、余甘子叶提取物10-15份和蜂蜜3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的解酒护肝功能食品,其特征在于,由以下重量份组分组成:河蚬提取物20份、紫苏叶提取物20份、余甘子叶提取物10份和蜂蜜3份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的解酒护肝功能食品,其特征在于,所述河蚬提取物中多肽重量含量不少于30%;所述紫苏叶提取物和所述余甘子叶提取物中总酚重量含量均不少于20%。
4.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的解酒护肝功能食品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取河蚬肉加水匀浆,再向其中加入混合酶进行酶解,酶解结束后,离心取上清液,再将其浓缩后干燥,即得河蚬提取物;
(2)分别向紫苏叶和余甘子叶粉末中加水进行第一浸提,过滤得第一浸提液;再向沉淀中加水进行第二浸提,过滤得第二浸提液,将其与第一浸提液合并即得提取液,之后将所述提取液进行浓缩干燥,分别获得紫苏叶提取物和余甘子叶提取物;
(3)按照配比混合调配河蚬提取物、紫苏叶提取物、余甘子叶提取物和蜂蜜后,再添加20wt%麦芽糊精,经压片、干燥即得所述解酒护肝功能食品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述加水量按料水比为1g:3mL添加。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述混合酶添加量占所述河蚬肉质量的1.3%,所述混合酶包括占比50wt%的碱性蛋白酶、25wt%的中性蛋白酶和25wt%的风味蛋白酶。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述酶解条件为pH=7.0,温度为55℃,酶解反应3h;所述离心条件为5000r/min离心20min。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述加水量为所述粉末质量的10-15倍,所述第一浸提条件为75℃浸提5h,所述第二浸提条件为100℃浸提45min。
9.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的解酒护肝功能食品,其特征在于,所述解酒护肝功能食品的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂或冲剂。
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