CN114669301A - 三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料及其制备、应用方法 - Google Patents
三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料及其制备、应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;称取一定量的催化剂加入到溶液中,在室温下超声处理;在混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;将样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料。本发明不仅体现了三维石墨烯凝胶优异的吸附性能,实现吸附富集‑光催化芬顿多场耦合协同降解有机污染物;三维石墨烯优异的导电性能可加快光生电荷的传输,提高光催化芬顿催化降解效率,解决了催化剂难以回收利用的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多场耦合与强化处理有机废水技术领域,具体涉及一种吸附-光催化芬顿催化降解多场耦合处理废水的催化剂,即三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
水体污染,尤其是难降解的有机污染物对人体健康具有较大的威胁,亟需开发高效的污染物处理新技术以及新型催化材料。现有污染物分子去除主要集中在吸附法和高级氧化技术,其中高级氧化技术可以组合使用强化过程中产生的活性自由基,提高催化降解效率。吸附法作为染物分子快速吸附去除的有效方法,其传统吸附剂如活性炭、水滑石等存在着吸附容量有限,吸附速度慢,吸附不能真正降解矿化废水、难以回收利用的问题。经过多方研究表明,光催化与芬顿氧化技术耦合与协同,有利于氧化处理能力的提升,可实现对废水污染物分子的高效降解。而光催化芬顿材料也存在容易团聚,降低比表面积造成催化降解效率的下降的问题。
单一的吸附法或光催化芬顿耦合技术均难以完美解决污染物分子的高效去除,将吸附-光催化芬顿多场耦合与过程强化,实现对有机污染物快速吸附富集与光芬顿催化氧化的协同,有望突破焦化废水中有机污染物深度去除的关键核心技术,但如今并没有可靠方案的记载。
发明内容
本发明是针对背景技术中提及的技术缺陷,一是提供一种吸附-光催化芬顿催化降解多场耦合处理废水的催化剂,即三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,二是提供了这种复合材料的制备方法。这种技术方案,将光催化芬顿催化材料修饰在三维石墨烯凝胶表面,可利用二维石墨烯的片层阻隔作用有效避免催化材料团聚的问题,同时石墨烯优异的导电性可加快光生载流子的分离效率。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(1)所得氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声2~5 h,溶度为5~20 mg/mL。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(2)中,氧化石墨烯溶液所含石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比在0.1~1:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在氧化石墨烯表面。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(2)所述的光芬顿催化剂包括铁酸盐体系MFe2O4(其中M=Co、Zn、Cu等)、铋酸铜、铁酸铋、钒酸铁、Fe掺杂Bi系材料中的一种。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(3)所述的还原性物质包括抗坏血酸、葡萄糖、硼氢化钠等;所述还原性物质与步骤(2)溶液中所含氧化石墨烯的质量比为5~15:1;超声处理时间控制在2~5 h;反应釜中反应温度120~180℃,反应时间在4~12 h。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(4)所述的冰箱冷冻温度为-20~-10℃,冷冻时间控制在12~24 h。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(5)所述的冷冻干燥温度为-40~-20℃,真空度为20~200 pa,冷冻时间控制在12~24 h。
一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,如权利要去1-8中任一项所述方法制备的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;所述三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料呈现出三维宏观结构,压缩后可迅速恢复原状。
一种三维石墨凝胶复合材料的应用,所述三维石墨凝胶复合材料用于吸附-光催化芬顿催化降解多场耦合处理废水的催化剂;所述催化剂既有光催化降解活性,也可进行芬顿反应。
与现有技术相比,本发明利用光催化和芬顿产生的协同作用,不仅加快了羟基自由基的产生,促进了催化降解效率;同时还避免了铁泥的产生,可将光催化-芬顿耦合体系推向废水污染物处理实际应用中;不仅解决了传统吸附材料吸附容量有限且难以回收利用的关键问题,攻克了当前光催化芬顿催化材料容易团聚造成催化降解性能下降的问题,同时吸附与催化降解位点的一致性使其具有高效的处理效率;
这种催化剂/三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,不仅体现了三维石墨烯凝胶优异的吸附性能,同时附着在石墨烯表面的光芬顿催化材料可以原位催化降解吸附的污染物分子,实现吸附富集-光催化芬顿多场耦合协同降解有机污染物;三维石墨烯优异的导电性能可加快光生电荷的传输,提高光催化芬顿催化降解效率,同时其宏观结构有效解决了催化剂难以回收利用的问题。
本发明提出制备催化剂/三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,在有机污染物吸附-光催化芬顿协同降解方面展现出广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备得到的不同CuBi2O4含量修饰三维石墨烯凝胶样品对苯酚的吸附性能线性图。
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到的不同CuBi2O4含量修饰三维石墨烯凝胶样品对苯酚的吸附平衡后的光催化芬顿催化降解性能线性图。
图3为本发明实施例1制备样品的不同CuBi2O4含量修饰三维石墨烯凝胶样品对苯酚的吸附-光催化芬顿多场耦合协同处理性能线性图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,并具体公开了这种复合材料的制备方法和应用方法。
这种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料应用于吸附-光催化芬顿催化降解多场耦合处理废水的催化剂,不仅解决了传统吸附材料吸附容量有限且难以回收利用的关键问题,还攻克了当前光催化芬顿催化材料容易团聚造成催化降解性能下降的问题,同时吸附与催化降解位点的一致性使其具有高效的处理效率。
这种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料呈现出三维宏观结构,具有良好的机械性能,可承受100-1000 g重物,并在压缩结束后迅速恢复原状。石墨烯片层不仅避免了光芬顿催化剂的团聚现象,同时其优异的导电性还可高效促进光生载流子的分离;石墨烯特有面吸附特性进行吸附富集的同时,可进一步结合石墨烯表面的光芬顿催化剂进行原位催化降解,利用吸附-催化降解活性位点的一致性,构建吸附富集-原位光催化芬顿多场耦合协同处理体系,提高对污染物的降解效率。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明中复合材料的制备方法作进一步详细的说明。本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的,而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用,并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。
实施例1
本实施例具体公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;将所得的氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声处理2 h,溶度为20 mg/mL;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;氧化石墨烯溶液中所含的石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比为0.1:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在石墨烯表面;本实施例中,光芬顿催化剂优选铁酸盐体系MFe2O4(其中M=Co、Zn、Cu等);
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;本实施例中,还原性物质选用葡萄糖;葡萄糖与步骤(2)所得溶液中所含氧化石墨烯的质量之比为15:1;超声处理时间控制在2 h;反应釜中反应温度120℃,反应时间在12 h;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;本实施例中,冰箱冷冻温度为-20℃,冷冻时间控制12 h;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;本实施例中,冷冻干燥温度为-40℃,真空度为20 pa,冷冻时间控制在12 h。
实施例2
本实施例具体公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;所得氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声5 h所得,溶度为10 mg/mL;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;氧化石墨烯溶液中所含石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比为0.8:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在石墨烯表面;本实施例中,光芬顿催化剂优选铋酸铜;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;本实施例中,还原性物质选用抗坏血酸;抗坏血酸与步骤(2)所得溶液中所含氧化石墨烯的质量之比为5:1;超声处理时间控制在5 h;反应釜中反应温度180℃,反应时间在4 h;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;本实施例中,冰箱冷冻温度为-10℃,冷冻时间控制23h;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;本实施例中,冷冻干燥温度为-20℃,真空度为180 pa,冷冻时间控制在24h。
实施例3
本实施例具体公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;将所得氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声处理4 h,溶度为16 mg/mL;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;氧化石墨烯溶液中所含石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比为1:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在石墨烯表面;本实施例中,光芬顿催化剂优选铁酸铋;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;本实施例中,还原性物质选用硼氢化钠;硼氢化钠与步骤(2)所得溶液中含有的氧化石墨烯的质量之比为10:1;超声处理时间控制在3 h;反应釜中反应温度150℃,反应时间在8 h;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;本实施例中,冰箱冷冻温度为-16℃,冷冻时间控制20h;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;本实施例中,冷冻干燥温度为-25℃,真空度为100 pa,冷冻时间控制在20h。
实施例4
本实施例具体公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;将所得氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声处理3 h,溶度为10 mg/mL;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;氧化石墨烯溶液中所含石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比为0.5:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在石墨烯表面;本实施例中,光芬顿催化剂优选钒铁酸;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;本实施例中,还原性物质选用抗坏血酸;抗坏血酸与步骤(2)所得溶液中所含氧化石墨烯的质量之比为8:1;超声处理时间控制在4 h;反应釜中反应温度120℃,反应时间在10 h;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;本实施例中,冰箱冷冻温度为-10℃,冷冻时间控制18h;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;本实施例中,冷冻干燥温度为-35℃,真空度为80 pa,冷冻时间控制在24 h。
实施例5
本实施例具体公开了一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液,将制备的石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声4h,控制浓度在15mg/mL;
(2)称取一定量的铁酸铋作为光芬顿催化剂加入到上述氧化石墨烯溶液中,控制氧化石墨烯溶液中石墨烯与催化剂质量比在0.8:1,继续在室温下超声处理3.5h;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入硼氢化钠作为还原性物质,控制还原性物质与与溶液所含氧化石墨烯的质量比为10:1,在超声4h后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应,控制反应温度在145℃之间,反应时间在8h;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的反应液却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理,冰箱冷冻温度在-15~-10℃之间,冷冻时间控制在16~18 h;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,冷冻干燥温度在-40~-35℃度之间,真空度在100~150 pa,冷冻时间控制在18~20 h,最后得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料。
显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域及相关领域的普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应属于本发明保护的范围。本发明中未具体描述和解释说明的结构、装置以及操作方法,如无特别说明和限定,均按照本领域的常规手段进行实施。
Claims (9)
1.一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
制备步骤如下:
(1)以石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯溶液;
(2)称取一定量的光芬顿催化剂加入到步骤(1)溶液中,在室温下超声处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得的混合溶液中加入还原性物质,超声处理后转移至内衬为聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中进行反应;
(4)将反应液冷却至室温后采用去离子水充分浸泡,后置于冰箱中进行冷冻处理;
(5)将步骤(4)冷冻所得的样品在真空冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,得到三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所得氧化石墨烯溶液在去离子水中超声2~5 h,溶度为5~20 mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,氧化石墨烯溶液所含石墨烯与光芬顿催化剂的质量比在0.1~1:1;光芬顿催化剂均匀分散在氧化石墨烯表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的光芬顿催化剂包括铁酸盐体系MFe2O4(其中M=Co、Zn、Cu等)、铋酸铜、铁酸铋、钒酸铁、Fe掺杂Bi系材料中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述的还原性物质包括抗坏血酸、葡萄糖、硼氢化钠等;
所述还原性物质与步骤(2)溶液中所含氧化石墨烯的质量之比为5~15:1;超声处理时间控制在2~5 h;反应釜中反应温度120~180℃,反应时间在4~12 h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的冰箱冷冻温度为-20~-10℃,冷冻时间控制在12~24 h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的冷冻干燥温度为-40~-20℃,真空度为20~200 pa,冷冻时间控制在12~24 h。
8.一种三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料,其特征在于,如权利要去1-8中任一项所述方法制备的三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料;所述三维石墨烯凝胶复合材料呈现出三维宏观结构,压缩后可迅速恢复原状。
9.一种根据权利要求9所述三维石墨凝胶复合材料的应用,其特征在于:所述三维石墨凝胶复合材料用于吸附-光催化芬顿催化降解多场耦合处理废水的催化剂;所述催化剂既有光催化降解活性,也可进行芬顿反应。
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