CN112774680A - 一种铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铁酸锌‑石墨烯复合气凝胶,属于复合材料制备工艺技术领域。将铁源、锌源、去离子水和乙醇搅拌均匀,再向溶液中加入一定量的氧化石墨烯水溶液,超声分散均匀后进行水热反应,得到铁酸锌‑氧化石墨烯复合湿凝胶;溶剂置换完全后先预冻处理,后经真空冷冻干燥、高温热处理等工艺,最终得到铁酸锌‑石墨烯复合气凝胶。本发明制备出的铁酸锌‑石墨烯复合气凝胶不仅具有较高的比表面积、催化活性位点和太阳光利用率,而且石墨烯的复合可以快速转移光生电子从而提高催化效率,在光催化CO2还原方面将具有很好的应用前景和无限的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于具有光催化CO2还原用无机纳米材料制备的技术领域,尤其涉及一种铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
二氧化碳的过量排放严重影响了自然界碳循环的平衡,导致了诸如全球气候变暖、海平面上升等严重的环境问题。将二氧化碳捕集并转化为高附加值的碳氢化合物燃料因其可以同时解决过量碳排放和能源危机等问题,已经成为科学研究的热点之一。目前光催化二氧化碳还原用的光催化剂以TiO2等半导体材料为主,这类材料虽然有较高的还原效率,但其禁带宽度大,只能在紫外光条件下激发。而太阳光中紫外光只占4%,所以这类材料实际太阳光利用率低下。而且这类光催化剂大多以粉末形式存在,在催化过程中会不断团聚从而降低二氧化碳吸附量以及减少催化活性位点,进而降低催化效率。综上所述,需要开发一种能可见光激发的整体式光催化材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了改善目前二氧化碳还原用半导体光催化剂易团聚且催化活性低等缺点而提供一种具有较高比表面积和较好催化活性的光催化CO2还原用铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为:一种铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)将铁源、锌源、去离子水和无水乙醇按摩尔比例为1:0.5:(40~60):(15~20)混合搅拌,得到澄清的铁酸锌混合溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)中得到的澄清混合溶液中加入氧化石墨烯水溶液,混合搅拌5~10min后再超声分散30~60min;
(3)将步骤(2)中超声后的溶胶置于(聚四氟乙烯内衬的)水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为160~180℃,水热时间为10~14h,自然冷却后取出;
(4)向步骤(3)中得到的湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换;
(5)将步骤(4)中溶剂置换后的复合湿凝胶置于冰箱中进行预冻处理;
(6)将步骤(5)中冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-60~-55℃,压力为1~5Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持36~72h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的气凝胶前驱体在保护气氛下进行高温热处理,热处理温度为300~900℃,升温速率为2~4℃/min,保温时间为2~4h,自然冷却,得到铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶。
优选步骤(1)中的铁源为氯化铁、硝酸铁或乙酸铁的一种;锌源为氯化锌、硝酸锌或乙酸锌的一种。
优选步骤(1)中混合搅拌时间为20~30min。
优选步骤(2)中氧化石墨烯水溶液的浓度为2~5mg/ml,氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为(0.001~0.005):1。
优选步骤(2)中超声频率为80~100Hz,超声温度为20~25℃。
优选步骤(4)中所述的溶剂置换中的溶剂为去离子水,每6~9h更换一次,总共置换6~8次。
优选步骤(5)中冰箱预冻温度为-10~-5℃;冷冻时间为6~10h。
优选步骤(7)中热处理保护气体为氮气或者氩气的一种。
优选步骤(7)中热处理温度为300~900℃,升温速率为2~4℃/min,保温时间为2~4h。
有益效果:
(1)二氧化碳吸附量大,活性位点多。铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶借助气凝胶独特的孔隙结构和巨大的比表面积,使得光催化剂具有较多的活性位点,能够吸附大量的二氧化碳。
(2)催化效率高。石墨烯的复合致使材料的比表面积增大,有利于光生电子快速转移到催化剂所吸附的二氧化碳上,有效抑制光生电子空穴对的复合,提高二氧化碳的还原效率。
(3)太阳光利用率高。复合材料较大的比表面积使得铁酸锌能够充分的接触光源,在可见光下产生电子空穴对,更加高效的利用太阳光,提高催化效率。
附图说明
图1为不同石墨烯含量的铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶材料的实物照片。
具体实施方式
实例1
将1mol氯化铁、0.5mol氯化锌、40mol去离子水和15mol无水乙醇均匀搅拌20min,然后向混合溶液中加入60.27ml的2mg/ml的氧化石墨烯水溶液(氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为0.001:1),搅拌5min后80Hz超声分散30min,超声温度保持20℃。然后将溶胶置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为160℃,水热时间为10h,自然冷却至室温后取出。向湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换,每6h更换一次,总共置换6次。再将复合湿凝胶放入冰箱中进行预冻处理,预冻温度为-10℃,冷冻时间为6h。冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-60℃,压力为1Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持36h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品。然后将样品在氮气气氛下以2℃/min的升温速率加热至300℃,保温时间为2h,冷却至室温后得到铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶。经过测试发现:制得的铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶中石墨烯的含量为0.1wt%,比表面积为554.77m2/g。
实例2
将1mol硝酸铁、0.5mol硝酸锌、60mol去离子水和20mol无水乙醇均匀搅拌30min,然后向混合溶液中加入120.54ml的5mg/ml的氧化石墨烯水溶液(氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为0.005:1),搅拌10min后100Hz超声分散60min,超声温度保持25℃。然后将溶胶置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为180℃,水热时间为14h,自然冷却至室温后取出。向湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换,每9h更换一次,总共置换8次。再将复合湿凝胶放入冰箱中进行预冻处理,预冻温度为-5℃,冷冻时间为10h。冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-55℃,压力为5Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持72h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品。然后将样品在氩气气氛下以4℃/min的升温速率加热至900℃,保温时间为4h,冷却至室温后得到铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶。经过测试发现:制得的铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶中石墨烯的含量为0.5wt%,比表面积为725.58m2/g。
实例3
将1mol乙酸铁、0.5mol乙酸锌、50mol去离子水和17mol无水乙醇均匀搅拌25min,然后向混合溶液中加入60.27ml的4mg/ml的氧化石墨烯水溶液(氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为0.002:1),搅拌7min后90Hz超声分散40min,超声温度保持22℃。然后将溶胶置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为170℃,水热时间为12h,自然冷却至室温后取出。向湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换,每7h更换一次,总共置换7次。再将复合湿凝胶放入冰箱中进行预冻处理,预冻温度为-8℃,冷冻时间为8h。冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-58℃,压力为2Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持48h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品。然后将样品在氮气气氛下以2.5℃/min的升温速率加热至450℃,保温时间为3h,冷却至室温后得到铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶。经过测试发现:制得的铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶中石墨烯的含量为0.2wt%,比表面积为608.34m2/g。
实例4
将1mol氯化铁、0.5mol硝酸锌、55mol去离子水和18mol无水乙醇均匀搅拌28min,然后向混合溶液中加入120.54ml的3mg/ml的氧化石墨烯水溶液(氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为0.003:1),搅拌8min后100Hz超声分散50min,超声温度保持24℃。然后将溶胶置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为180℃,水热时间为12h,自然冷却至室温后取出。向湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换,每8h更换一次,总共置换7次。再将复合湿凝胶放入冰箱中进行预冻处理,预冻温度为-6℃,冷冻时间为9h。冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-60℃,压力为3Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持54h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品。然后将样品在氮气气氛下以3℃/min的升温速率加热至600℃,保温时间为3h,冷却至室温后得到铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶。经过测试发现:制得的铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶中石墨烯的含量为0.3wt%,比表面积为652.09m2/g。
实例1-4所制备铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶如图1所示(从左往右为实施例1-4),成功制备出了具有完整结构的铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶。
Claims (9)
1.一种铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)将铁源、锌源、去离子水和无水乙醇按摩尔比例为1:0.5:(40~60):(15~20)混合搅拌,得到澄清的铁酸锌混合溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)中得到的澄清混合溶液中加入氧化石墨烯水溶液,混合搅拌5~10min后再超声分散30~60min;
(3)将步骤(2)中超声后的溶胶置于水热反应釜中,并将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,水热温度为160~180℃,水热时间为10~14h,自然冷却后取出;
(4)向步骤(3)中得到的湿凝胶中加入去离子水进行溶剂置换;
(5)将步骤(4)中溶剂置换后的复合湿凝胶置于冰箱中进行预冻处理;
(6)将步骤(5)中冷冻后的复合冻凝胶进行真空冷冻干燥处理,其中干燥温度为-60~-55℃,压力为1~5Pa,恒温恒压条件下维持36~72h,待冷冻干燥机温度和压力回升至室温和常压后取出样品;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的气凝胶前驱体在保护气氛下进行高温热处理,热处理温度为300~900℃,升温速率为2~4℃/min,保温时间为2~4h,自然冷却,得到铁酸锌-石墨烯复合气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中的铁源为氯化铁、硝酸铁或乙酸铁的一种;锌源为氯化锌、硝酸锌或乙酸锌的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中混合搅拌时间为20~30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中氧化石墨烯水溶液的浓度为2~5mg/ml,氧化石墨烯与铁酸锌/石墨烯复合气凝胶的质量比为(0.001~0.005):1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中超声频率为80~100Hz,超声温度为20~25℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中所述的溶剂置换中的溶剂为去离子水,每6~9h更换一次,总共置换6~8次。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(5)中冰箱预冻温度为-10~-5℃;冷冻时间为6~10h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(7)中热处理保护气体为氮气或者氩气的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(7)中热处理温度为300~900℃,升温速率为2~4℃/min,保温时间为2~4h。
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