CN114613847A - 硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜及其生长方法 - Google Patents
硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜及其生长方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜及其生长方法,是在Si衬底上利用金属有机气相化学沉积的方法外延生长基于AlGaN/GaN异质结的HEMT外延薄膜。本发明通过在Si衬底上生长缓冲层控制Al组分渐变,并且加入AlGaN/AlN超晶格和AlN/GaN超晶格的双层超晶格缓冲层来降低晶格失配和热失配,实现大尺寸硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的生长,得到高质量的AlGaN/GaN异质结,获得高浓度高迁移率的二维电子气(2DEG)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于薄膜生长技术领域,具体涉及一种大尺寸高质量硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜及其生长方法。
背景技术
当今社会最重要的挑战之一是世界能源消耗的稳定增长。在未来的20年里,全球的能源消耗预计将增加40%,届时电力将覆盖最大比例的能源使用(高达60%)。在这种背景下,电力电子学作为专用于电力控制和管理的技术,在优化电力电子器件特性上起到了至关重要的作用。发展至今,硅(Si)材料在半导体市场中所占比重较大,在半导体科技的发展过程中承担着主要作用,目前成熟的Si基产品约占电力电子器件市场份额的87%。由于Si材料自身理论极限较低,无法满足当下低能耗的需求,人们逐渐将目光转向具有高热导率、高电子饱和速度、高击穿场强的第三代宽禁带半导体材料。以GaN和SiC为首的宽禁带半导体材料被认为是低损耗电力电子器件的最佳选择,相较于Si基器件在降低导通电阻的同时提高击穿电压,从而全面降低功率损耗。因此,GaN基器件可以在很多重要领域得以应用,包括各类电子产品、新能源汽车、工业应用、可再生能源、交通运输工具等。AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(High Electron Mobility Transistor,HEMT)由于具有以下优异特性,成为目前研究热点:(1)AlGaN/GaN HEMT异质结界面处二维电子气(2DEG)浓度高,并且由于GaN层作为沟道层而AlGaN层作为势垒层提供电子,在空间上保证了电子与提供电子的杂质互相分离,使得电子迁移率免于杂质散射的影响而大幅度提高。(2)由于GaN基器件宽禁带、耐高温的特性,AlGaN/GaN HEMT能在高温、高电场、大功率状态下工作且直流特性不发生显著退化。
GaN外延生长常用的衬底有氮化镓(GaN)、碳化硅(SiC)、蓝宝石(Al2O3)和硅(Si)。Si衬底价格低廉,大尺寸制备技术成熟,容易获得不同尺寸(2-12英寸)不同类型(n型/p型/高阻)的衬底,并且GaN-on-Si外延片后续器件工艺可与传统的硅器件工艺兼容,大幅降低了工艺研发成本。基于以上这些优点,硅衬底上GaN基HEMT外延迅速成为国内外企业高校的研究热点。
然而,虽然在硅衬底上外延GaN基HEMT外延薄膜有着诸多优势,但是GaN-on-Si的难度很大,面临很多技术问题,比如GaN和Si之间的晶格失配(17%)和热失配(56%)导致厚层GaN龟裂、大尺寸外延片的翘曲控制、Ga原子扩散到Si衬底时发生的回熔腐蚀现象等。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术所存在的问题,本发明提供一种大尺寸高质量硅基AlGaN/GaNHEMT外延薄膜及其生长方法,是在硅(111)衬底上利用有机金属化学气相沉积的方法生长HEMT外延薄膜,旨在通过合理的薄膜结构设计和工艺参数设计生长出Si衬底GaN基HEMT无裂痕高均匀高质量的外延薄膜,通过应力控制层生长高质量高均匀性的AlGaN/GaN异质结获得高浓度高迁移率的二维电子气(2DEG)。
本发明为解决技术问题,采用如下技术方案:
一种大尺寸高质量硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜,其特点在于:所述HEMT是在Si衬底上从下至上依次形成有2500-3000 nm厚的应力控制层、1200-1500 nm厚的GaN高阻层、250-300 nm厚的GaN沟道层、1-2 nm厚的AlN插入层、20 nm厚的AlGaN势垒层和1-2 nm厚的GaN帽层。
进一步地,所述应力控制层从下至上依次包括160nm-280 nm厚的AlN缓冲层、350-450 nm厚的AlN/AlGaN超晶格、700-1000 nm厚的Al0.3Ga0.7N和1200-1500 nm的AlN/GaN超晶格。
进一步地,所述160nm-280 nm厚的AlN缓冲层从下至上依次包括10-30 nm厚的低温AlN缓冲层、150-250 nm厚的高温AlN缓冲层。
本发明所述大尺寸高质量硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的生长方法,是按如下步骤进行:
步骤1、预处理
将(111)晶向的轻掺杂硅晶圆片放置在石墨托盘上,然后放入MOCVD系统的反应腔中;
设置反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1000 rpm,将石墨托盘升温至1000-1050℃,以90-120 slm(slm表示标况下(0℃,1 atm)升每分钟)的流量向反应腔中通过H2气对Si衬底表面的SiO2进行还原反应,时间为5 min,以去除氧杂质,打开表面悬浮键,使表面充满活性;
步骤2、应力控制层的生长
步骤21、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;降温到700-800℃,以200-250 sccm(sccm表示标况下(0℃,1 atm )毫升每分钟)的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)5-10 s,进行Al的预铺;然后保持三甲基铝流量和温度不变,以3-4 slm的流量通入NH3气25-35 s,从而在Si衬底表面生长一层10-30 nm厚的低温AlN缓冲层;随后升温到1050-1120℃,以150-200 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl),同时以3-4 slm的流量通入NH3,生长50-60 min,使低温AlN缓冲层上生长一层150-250 nm厚的高温AlN缓冲层;
步骤22、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1020-1070℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/AlGaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格的交替生长;
所述单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以480-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)、以3-3.5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长28 s;
所述单层AlGaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以300-350 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以70-80 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa)、以5-5.5 slm的流量通入NH3、以50-70 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长20 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格,直至在AlN缓冲层上形成总厚度为350-450 nm AlN/AlGaN超晶格;
步骤23、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1010-1060℃并保持恒温,同时以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3、以80-85 sccm的流量通入C3H8、以500-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)、以100-120 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa),生长50-60 min,从而在AlN/AlGaN超晶格上形成700-1000 nm厚的Al0.3Ga0.7N;
步骤24、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1000-1050℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/GaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格的交替生长;
所述单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以500-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)、以4.5-5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长33 s;
所述单层GaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以250-350 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa)、以16-20 slm的流量通入NH3、以150-200 sccm的流量通入C3H8气,生长30 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格,直至在Al0.3Ga0.7N上形成1200-1500nm 厚的AlN/GaN超晶格;
步骤3、GaN高阻层和GaN沟道层的生长
维持反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1020-1090℃并保持恒温,以450-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa)、以30-40 slm的流量通入NH3、以750-900 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长14-15 min,从而在AlN/GaN超晶格上形成1200-1500 nm厚的GaN高阻层;
继续维持石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为1020-1090℃,反应腔压力升高到150Torr,同时以200-300 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa)、以55-65 slm的流量通入NH3,生长5-7 min,从而在GaN高阻层上形成250-300 nm厚的GaN沟道层;
步骤4、AlN插入层和AlGaN势垒层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为980-1050 ℃并保持恒温,同时以35-40 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)、以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3,生长1 min,即在GaN沟道层上形成1-2 nm厚的AlN插入层;
继续维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为980-1050℃,同时以35-40 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体(TMAl)、以25-30 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa)、以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3,生长5 min,即在AlN插入层上形成20 nm厚的AlGaN势垒层;
步骤5、GaN帽层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为980-1050℃并保持恒温,同时以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3、以25-30 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体(TMGa),生长30s,即在AlGaN势垒层上形成1-2 nm厚的GaN帽层。
与已有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
1. 本发明的外延片是采用有机金属化学气相沉积的方法,通过在Si衬底上生长缓冲层控制Al组分渐变,并且加入AlGaN/AlN超晶格和AlN/GaN超晶格的双层超晶格缓冲层来降低晶格失配和热失配,实现大尺寸硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的生长,得到高质量的AlGaN/GaN异质结,获得高浓度高迁移率的二维电子气(2DEG)。
2. 本发明所得外延薄膜厚度均匀性(厚度标准偏差(Std)与总膜厚的比值)<2%,衡量电子气高迁移率的AlGaN势垒层中Al组分最大和最小值之差<2%,远超过一般薄膜机台等常规方法生长的外延薄膜的均匀性指标。
3. 本发明适用于6-8英寸的大尺寸生长,成本低廉,很适合大面积投入生产,具有强大的商业优势。
4. 本发明在硅(111)晶向的轻掺杂硅片上采取缓冲层技术,通过控制Al的组分渐变在GaN外延生长过程中引入一个压应力,进而抵消部分GaN与Si之间由于热膨胀系数差别大而产生的张应力,从而缓解外延层开裂的问题。同时加入了AlGaN/AlN和AlN/GaN双层超晶格结构,实现质量良好的Al组分渐变,释放AlN缓冲层和GaN外延层之间的晶格失配和热失配应力,减小GaN外延层中的张应力。同时,AlGaN的晶格常数小于GaN的晶格常数,上层Al0.3Ga0.7N过渡层也会给GaN沟道层引入一个可观的压应力,可有效补偿GaN层中的一部分生长张应力,这两方面都能有效的抑制裂纹的产生,更好地减少晶格失配带来的影响,更加精准主动控制组分和厚度,使得晶圆的裂纹水平、晶体质量、翘曲水平进一步达到理想结果。
5. 本发明加入AlN插入层,在极化作用的影响下能够提高AlGaN势垒层和GaN沟道层的有效价带差,实现窄而深的三角形量子阱,抑制2DEG渗透到AlGaN合金中,降低合金散射提高迁移率。
附图说明
图1为本发明硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的结构示意图。
图2为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaNA HEMT外延薄膜的照片。
图3为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜中心区域和边缘区域的光学显微镜图片。
图4为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的原子力显微镜(AFM)照片。
图5为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的总膜厚分布图。
图6为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的AlGaN势垒层的Al组分分布。
图7为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的外延翘曲值分布。
图8为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的AlGaN势垒层的厚度,右侧表格对应左侧外延片各个位置的具体厚度。
图9为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。
图10为实施例1所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的关态下的电流-电压(I-V)特性曲线。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
参见图1,本实施例的硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜是在6英寸的硅(111)晶向的轻掺杂硅片上利用MOCVD沉积形成的。在Si衬底上从下至上依次生长有200 nm AlN缓冲层,400 nm AlN/AlGaN超晶格,800 nm Al0.3Ga0.7N,1400 nm AlN/GaN超晶格,1300 nm GaN高阻层,270 nm GaN沟道层,2 nm AlN插入层,20 nm AlGaN势垒层和1 nm GaN帽层。其中270 nmGaN沟道层、2 nm AlN插入层、20 nm AlGaN势垒层形成异质结,获得迁移率为1980 cm-2、载流子浓度为8.9×1012 cm2/Vs的二维电子气(2DEG)。
本实施例的大尺寸高质量硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜按如下步骤制得:
步骤1、预处理
将(111)晶向的轻掺杂硅晶圆片放置在石墨托盘上,然后放入MOCVD系统的反应腔中;
设置反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1000 rpm,将石墨托盘升温至1050℃,以100 slm的流量向反应腔中通过H2气对Si衬底表面的SiO2进行还原反应,时间为5min,以去除氧杂质,打开表面悬浮键,使表面充满活性。
步骤2、应力控制层的生长
步骤21、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;降温到750℃,以205 sccm的流量通入TMAl 6 s,进行Al的预铺;然后保持TMAl流量和温度不变,以3.9 slm的流量通入NH3气30 s,从而在Si衬底表面生长一层10nm厚的低温AlN缓冲层;随后升温到1090℃,以160 sccm的流量通入TMAl,同时以3 slm的流量通入NH3,生长50 min,使低温AlN缓冲层上生长一层190 nm厚的高温AlN缓冲层。
步骤22、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1070℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/AlGaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格的交替生长。
单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以500 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以3.2 slm的流量通入NH3,生长28 s;
单层AlGaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以320 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以75 sccm的流量通入TMGa、以5.45 slm的流量通入NH3、以60 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长20 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格,直至在AlN缓冲层上形成总厚度为400 nm AlN/AlGaN超晶格。
步骤23、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1060℃并保持恒温,同时以10.8 slm的流量通入NH3、以84 sccm的流量通入C3H8、以500 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以100 sccm的流量通入TMGa,生长55 min,从而在AlN/AlGaN超晶格上形成900 nm厚的Al0.3Ga0.7N。
步骤24、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1050℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/GaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格的交替生长。
单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以540 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以4.7 slm的流量通入NH3,生长33 s;
单层GaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以300 sccm的流量通入TMGa、以16.2 slm的流量通入NH3、以180 sccm的流量通入C3H8气,生长30 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格,直至在Al0.3Ga0.7N上形成1400 nm厚的AlN/GaN超晶格。
步骤3、GaN高阻层和GaN沟道层的生长
维持反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1085℃并保持恒温,以500 sccm的流量通入TMGa、以35 slm的流量通入NH3、以850 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长15 min,从而在AlN/GaN超晶格上形成1300 nm厚的GaN高阻层。
继续维持石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为1090℃,反应腔压力升高到150 Torr,同时以240 sccm的流量通入TMGa、以62.4 slm的流量通入NH3,生长6 min,从而在GaN高阻层上形成270 nm厚的GaN沟道层。
步骤4、AlN插入层和AlGaN势垒层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1045℃并保持恒温,同时以39 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以10.5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长1 min,即在GaN沟道层上形成2 nm厚的AlN插入层;
继续维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为1045℃;同时以39 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以26 sccm的流量通入TMGa、以10.5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长5min,即在AlN插入层上形成20 nm厚的AlGaN势垒层。
步骤5、GaN帽层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1045℃并保持恒温,同时以10.5 slm的流量通入NH3、以26 sccm的流量通入TMGa,生长30s,即在AlGaN势垒层上形成1 nm厚的GaN帽层。
图2为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的照片,薄膜整体表面光滑平整,没有明显的裂纹。
图3为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的光学显微镜照片。左侧是薄膜中心区域的光学显微镜图像,右侧是薄膜边缘的光学显微镜图像。薄膜中心区域未观察到明显的裂纹和瑕疵,在外延片的边缘300 μm范围以内,有少量垂直边沿的裂纹。
图4为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的原子力显微镜(AFM)照片,扫描区域为5 μm×5 μm,薄膜表面方均根粗糙度为0.146 nm,从图中可看到表面有清晰的原子台阶,这就说明AlGaN势垒层是在台阶流动模式下获得的,表明所得薄膜表面平整、形貌良好。
图5为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的总膜厚分布图。测试6英寸的AlGaN/GaN异质结HEMT的外延薄膜平均膜厚为4.53 μm,膜厚标准偏差为0.05 μm,片内膜厚均匀性为1.10%。
图6为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的AlGaN势垒层的Al组分分布。片内Al的平均组分在23.2%,从分布图上看出片内Al组分最大-最小值之差在0.69%,远小于2%业内水平,6英寸Al组分均匀性好。
图7为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的衬底弯曲度(Bow值)分布。HEMT外延片的翘曲均值Bow在22 μm,满足集成电路制程对晶圆片的翘曲度50 μm的要求,主要原因是引入超晶格作为AlGaN的应力控制层。
图8为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的AlGaN势垒层的厚度。左侧在外延片上取了13个不同位置进行测量,右侧是不同位置的具体数值,其中AlGaN势垒层的厚度均值为23.29 nm,厚度均匀性在1.40%。
图9为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。测得GaN(002)面和(102)面摇摆曲线半高宽分别是590 arcsec和893 aresec,GaN晶体质量比较好,位错密度得到有效控制。
图10为本实施例所生长的6英寸AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的关态下的I-V曲线。肖特基接触尺寸(Pad Size)为0.5 mm2时,关态状态下,源漏端加正向电压为810V时的漏极电流为1 μA/mm2,源漏端加反向电压为880 V时的漏极电流为1 μA/mm2,即电压>800 V时的漏极电流仅为1 μA/mm2,漏电性能好,大大增强AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的稳定性。漏电性能表现好主要原因是外延生长引入AlN、双层超晶格结构作为AlGaN等多种缓冲层,缩小硅衬底与GaN晶格失配效应,多层缓冲层更有效降低界面位错缺陷,特别是刃位错缺陷密度,利于提高AlGaN/GaN外延薄膜的晶体质量,更有效阻挡界面的位错密度,有利于GaN表面合并,改善硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT漏电性能。从关态IV曲线看,击穿耐压值接近950 V。硅基AlGaN/GaNHEMT耐压性能好主要原因是双层超晶格、Al0.3Ga0.7N等缓冲层。特别的,高阻率GaN结构中主动通入C3H8气体作为C源技术的主动掺C技术,相对于被动掺C技术,能够不降低晶体质量前提下,大幅提高掺C浓度,增强硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件背压的耐压性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜,其特征在于:所述HEMT外延薄膜是在Si衬底上从下至上依次形成有2500-3000 nm厚的应力控制层、1200-1500 nm厚的GaN高阻层、250-300 nm厚的GaN沟道层、1-2 nm厚的AlN插入层、20 nm厚的AlGaN势垒层和1-2 nm厚的GaN帽层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜,其特征在于:所述应力控制层从下至上依次包括160nm-280 nm厚的AlN缓冲层、350-450 nm厚的AlN/AlGaN超晶格、700-1000 nm厚的Al0.3Ga0.7N和1200-1500 nm的AlN/GaN超晶格。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜,其特征在于:所述160nm-280nm厚的AlN缓冲层从下至上依次包括10-30 nm厚的低温AlN缓冲层、150-250 nm厚的高温AlN缓冲层。
4.一种权利要求1~3中任意一项所述硅基AlGaN/GaN HEMT外延薄膜的生长方法,其特征在于,按如下步骤进行:
步骤1、预处理
将(111)晶向的轻掺杂硅晶圆片放置在石墨托盘上,然后放入MOCVD系统的反应腔中;
设置反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1000 rpm,将石墨托盘升温至1000-1050℃,以90-120 slm的流量向反应腔中通过H2气对Si衬底表面的SiO2进行还原反应,时间为5min,以去除氧杂质;
步骤2、应力控制层的生长
步骤21、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;降温到700-800℃,以200-250 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体5-10 s,进行Al的预铺;然后保持三甲基铝流量和温度不变,以3-4 slm的流量通入NH3气25-35 s,从而在Si衬底表面生长一层10-30 nm厚的低温AlN缓冲层;随后升温到1050-1120℃,以150-200 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体,同时以3-4 slm的流量通入NH3,生长50-60 min,使低温AlN缓冲层上生长一层150-250 nm厚的高温AlN缓冲层;
步骤22、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1020-1070℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/AlGaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格的交替生长;
所述单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以480-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体、以3-3.5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长28 s;
所述单层AlGaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以300-350 sccm的流量通入TMAl、以70-80sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体、以5-5.5 slm的流量通入NH3、以50-70 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长20 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层AlGaN超晶格,直至在AlN缓冲层上形成总厚度为350-450 nm AlN/AlGaN超晶格;
步骤23、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1010-1060℃并保持恒温,同时以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3、以80-85 sccm的流量通入C3H8、以500-550sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体、以100-120 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体,生长50-60min,从而在AlN/AlGaN超晶格上形成700-1000 nm厚的Al0.3Ga0.7N;
步骤24、维持反应腔压力为40 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1000-1050℃并保持恒温,进行AlN/GaN超晶格的生长,即单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格的交替生长;
所述单层AlN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以500-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体、以4.5-5 slm的流量通入NH3,生长33 s;
所述单层GaN超晶格的生长方法为:同时以250-350 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体、以16-20 slm的流量通入NH3、以150-200 sccm的流量通入C3H8气,生长30 s;
交替生长单层AlN超晶格和单层GaN超晶格,直至在Al0.3Ga0.7N上形成1200-1500 nm 厚的AlN/GaN超晶格;
步骤3、GaN高阻层和GaN沟道层的生长
维持反应腔压力为50 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为1020-1090℃并保持恒温,以450-550 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体、以30-40 slm的流量通入NH3、以750-900 sccm的流量通入C3H8,生长14-15 min,从而在AlN/GaN超晶格上形成1200-1500 nm厚的GaN高阻层;
继续维持石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为1020-1090℃,反应腔压力升高到150Torr,同时以200-300 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体、以55-65 slm的流量通入NH3,生长5-7 min,从而在GaN高阻层上形成250-300 nm厚的GaN沟道层;
步骤4、AlN插入层和AlGaN势垒层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为980-1050 ℃并保持恒温,同时以35-40 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体、以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3,生长1min,即在GaN沟道层上形成1-2 nm厚的AlN插入层;
继续维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm、温度为980-1050℃,同时以35-40 sccm的流量通入三甲基铝气体、以25-30 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体、以10-12slm的流量通入NH3,生长5 min,即在AlN插入层上形成20 nm厚的AlGaN势垒层;
步骤5、GaN帽层的生长
维持反应腔压力为75 Torr、石墨托盘转速为1150 rpm;设置温度为980-1050℃并保持恒温,同时以10-12 slm的流量通入NH3、以25-30 sccm的流量通入三甲基镓气体,生长30s,即在AlGaN势垒层上形成1-2 nm厚的GaN帽层。
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