CN114605355A - 一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114605355A CN114605355A CN202210310150.7A CN202210310150A CN114605355A CN 114605355 A CN114605355 A CN 114605355A CN 202210310150 A CN202210310150 A CN 202210310150A CN 114605355 A CN114605355 A CN 114605355A
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- divinylarene
- diepoxide
- cured product
- divinylbenzene
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- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备与应用。本发明通过将二乙烯基芳烃、碱性助剂及氧化剂在溶剂及催化剂的作用下反应,得到了转化率和产率均较高的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物,并用固化剂对该环氧化物进行了固化,表征了固化产物的热性能与机械性能。本发明二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法工艺简单,具有较高的转化率和产率,副产物较少,可操作性强、环境友好、成本低。本发明制备的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物具有较低的粘度以及较好的流动性,其固化产物具有较为优异的热性能和机械性能,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环氧树脂技术领域,具体涉及一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及 其固化产物的制备与应用。
背景技术
环氧树脂是一类具有优异机械和电绝缘性能以及良好的耐化学性和耐温性 的材料,从可用的多烯烃前体合成多环氧化物是制备环氧树脂的关键过程。在 目前使用的环氧树脂中,二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物特别是二乙烯基苯二环氧化 物(DVBDO)是人们比较关注的环氧热固性配方材料之一。DVBDO是一类双 环氧化物,可以用作活性稀释剂或用作环氧热固性制剂中的主要环氧树脂基质。 DVBDO本身具有非常低的液体粘度,使得DVBDO尤其可用于制备低粘度环氧 制剂,由DVBDO制造的环氧制剂在各种其他产品中可用作中间体,例如可以 用于涂料、复合材料和模制组合物领域。
目前制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的方法很少,传统的卤代 醇或过氧酸氧化二乙烯基苯(DVB)方法费时、费力、污染严重、转化率低、 副产物多。例如,日本研究人员公开了在30℃时在无水乙酸乙酯中使用过乙酸 生产DVBDO的方法,产率为30%,DVBDO产物通过蒸馏分离。陶氏环球技 术有限公司的专利CN102822226A公开了在25℃时在二氯甲烷中使用间氯过氧 苯甲酸生产DVBDO的方法,产率为75%。以上方法副产物单环氧化物均较多, 且反应转化率不高、污染严重,于是开发一种清洁环保且省时省力的方法来制 备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物尤为重要。
从目前的研究结果来看,目前合成二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物主要存在以下 问题:(1)反应原料的转化率以及环氧化物的选择性不高;(2)反应过程中 副产物较多,且不易于与产物分离;(3)使用的环保型氧化剂如过氧化氢为水 性的,而原料为油性的,存在着分相的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种二乙烯 基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法。本发明通过将二乙烯基芳烃、碱 性助剂及氧化剂在溶剂及催化剂的作用下反应,得到了转化率和产率均较高的 二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物,并对该环氧化物进行了固化,表征了固化产物的热 性能与机械性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述方法制备得到的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物 及其固化产物。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的 应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将1~10摩尔份数的二乙烯基芳烃、二乙烯基芳烃质量1%~2%的催化 剂、1~10摩尔份数的碱性助剂加入到12~120摩尔份数的溶剂中混匀得到混合液;
S2、向步骤S1的混合液中加入18~180摩尔份数的氧化剂,在25~40℃下 反应12~36h,得到含二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物的反应产物;
S3、从步骤S2的反应产物中分离出二乙烯基芳烃二氧化物;
S4、向步骤S3得到的二乙烯基芳烃二氧化物中加入其质量分数1%~4%的 固化剂并混匀,于80~100℃下固化1~4h,100~130℃下固化1~4h,130~150℃ 下固化1~6h,即制得二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物固化产物。
优选地,步骤S1中所述二乙烯基芳烃为二乙烯基苯,包括邻二乙烯基苯、 间二乙烯基苯、对二乙烯基苯中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤S1中所述催化剂为纳米四氧化三铁、金属乙酰丙酮化合物或 相转移催化剂中的至少一种。催化剂在均相反应条件下提供大于50%的二乙烯 基芳烃转化率。
优选地,所述金属乙酰丙酮化合物为乙酰丙酮铜或乙酰丙酮钴中的至少一 种,所述相转移催化剂为聚乙二醇400、α-环糊精或苄基三乙基氯化铵中的至 少一种。
优选地,步骤S1中所述碱性助剂为NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3或Na2SO4中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤S1中所述溶剂为乙腈、丙酮或乙酸乙酯中至少一种。
优选地,步骤S2中所述氧化剂为空气、O2或过氧化氢中的至少一种。本发 明所使用的氧化剂为经济且绿色环保的清洁氧化剂,在均相反应条件下提供大 于50%的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物的产率。
优选地,步骤S2中所述二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物为邻二乙烯基芳烃二环氧 化物、间二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物或对二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤S3中所述分离的方法包括层析、萃取、蒸馏、磁分离或旋蒸。
优选地,步骤S4中所述固化剂为二元胺类固化剂,包括芳香族二元胺、脂 环族二元胺或脂肪族二元胺中的至少一种。
优选地,所述芳香族二元胺为对苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷或二氨基二苯 砜中的至少一种,所述脂环族二元胺为4,4'-二胺基二环己基甲烷、异佛尔酮二 胺或1,2-环己二胺中的至少一种,所述脂肪族二元胺为1,6-己二胺或1,4-丁二胺 中的至少一种。
本发明制备的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物,可应用于环氧灌浆 材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明使用不同的催化剂制备了二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物,提高了双 键的转化率与环氧基团的选择性。
(2)本发明二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法工艺简单, 具有较高的转化率和产率,副产物较少,可操作性强、环境友好、成本低。
(3)本发明制备的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物具有较低的粘度以及较好的流 动性,其固化产物具有较为优异的热性能和机械性能,具有广阔的市场前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例5制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物的核磁谱图。
图2为本发明实施例5制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物的粘度测试结果。
图3为本发明实施例5制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物的DSC测 试结果。
图4为本发明实施例5制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物的拉伸测 试结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限 于此。本发明涉及的原料均可从市场上直接购买,对于未特别注明的工艺参数, 可参照常规技术进行。
实施例1
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:邻二 乙烯基苯13g(0.1mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢204g(1.8mol),纳米四 氧化三铁0.13g,氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol),乙腈62.7ml(1.2mol),二氨基二 苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将13g邻二乙烯基苯、0.13g纳米四氧化三铁、4g氢氧化钠、62.7ml 乙腈加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加204g过氧化氢,于32℃ 下反应24h。
(3)反应结束后通过磁分离去除催化剂,然后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤, 旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥过夜,得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色 液体)产率为69.5%,邻二乙烯基苯的转化率为98%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物与0.04g 二氨基二苯甲烷混合成均一溶液,于80℃下固化2h,120℃下固化3h,150℃ 下固化6h,即制得邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物。
实施例2
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:邻二 乙烯基苯16.9g(0.13mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢265g(2.34mol),乙 酰丙酮铜0.169g,氢氧化钠5.2g(0.13mol),乙腈81.5ml(1.56mol),二氨 基二苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将16.9g邻二乙烯基苯、0.169g乙酰丙酮铜、5.2g氢氧化钠、81.5ml 乙腈加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加265g过氧化氢,于32℃ 下反应24h。
(3)反应结束用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥过 夜,得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为73.2%,邻二乙烯基 苯的转化率为95.4%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物与0.04g 二氨基二苯甲烷混合成均一溶液,于100℃下固化2h,140℃下固化3h,160℃ 下固化4h,即制得邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物。
实施例3
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:邻二 乙烯基苯26g(0.2mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢408g(3.6mol),纳米四 氧化三铁0.26g,氢氧化钠8g(0.2mol),丙酮176.5ml(2.4mol),二氨基 二苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将26g邻二乙烯基苯、0.26g纳米四氧化三铁、8g氢氧化钠、176.5ml 丙酮加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加408g过氧化氢,于32℃ 下反应24h。
(3)反应结束后通过磁分离去除催化剂,然后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤, 旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥过夜,得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色 液体)产率为76.8%,邻二乙烯基苯的转化率为90.4%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物与0.04 g二氨基二苯甲烷混合成均一溶液,于80℃下固化2h,130℃下固化5h,150℃ 下固化3h,即制得邻二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物。
实施例4
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:间二 乙烯基苯13g(0.1mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢204g(1.8mol),0.13g 聚乙二醇400,碳酸氢钠8.4g(0.1mol),乙酸乙酯117.5ml(1.2mol),二氨 基二苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将13g间二乙烯基苯、0.13g聚乙二醇400、8.4g碳酸氢钠、117.5ml 乙酸乙酯加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加204g过氧化氢,于40℃ 下反应12h。
(3)反应结束后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥 过夜,得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为63.4%,间二乙烯 基苯转化率96.8%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物与0.04g 二氨基二苯甲烷混合成均一溶液,于80℃下固化2h,120℃下固化3h,150℃ 下固化6h。
实施例5
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:间二 乙烯基苯19.5g(0.15mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢306g(2.7mol),0.195g 聚乙二醇400,15.9g(0.15mol)碳酸钠,乙腈94ml(1.8mol),4,4'-二胺基 二环己基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将19.5g间二乙烯基苯、0.195g聚乙二醇400、15.9g碳酸钠、94ml 乙腈加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加306g过氧化氢,于20℃ 下反应24h。
(3)反应结束后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥 过夜,得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为73.6%,间二乙烯 基苯的转化率为89.6%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物与0.04 g 4,4'-二胺基二环己基甲烷混合成均一溶液,于70℃下固化2h,100℃下固化3 h,130℃下固化4h。
本实施例制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物的核磁谱图如图2所示,数据如 下:1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)d(ppm):2.7-2.81,3.1-3.2,3.8-3.9ppm(d,3H, 环氧质子);7.1-7.4(d,4H,苯环质子)。核磁结果证明成功合成了间二乙烯 基苯二环氧化物。
采用旋转流变仪测定本实施例制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物的粘度,测 试结果如图3所示,从图中可以看出,其粘度几乎稳定在17~19mPa·s,粘度 远低于双酚A型环氧树脂(粘度为11000~14000mPa·s)。
用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对本实施例制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固 化产物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)进行了测量,测试结果如图4所示,其玻璃化 转变温度为201℃。
用万能拉伸试验机对本实施例制备的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物固化产物进 行拉伸测试,测试结果如图4所示,从应力-应变曲线可以观察到其拉伸行为为 无屈服的韧性断裂,其拉伸强度为133.87MPa、断裂伸长率为9.24%,表明该 固化产物脆性较小,具有优异的力学性能。
实施例6
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:间二 乙烯基苯16.9g(0.13mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢265.2g(2.34mol), 苄基三乙基氯化铵0.169g,碳酸氢钠10.9g(0.13mol),丙酮114.7ml(1.56mol), 二氨基二苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将16.9g间二乙烯基苯、0.169g苄基三乙基氯化铵、10.9g碳酸氢钠、 114.7ml丙酮加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加265.2g过氧化氢,于38℃ 下反应20h。
(3)反应结束后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥 过夜,得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为77.9%,间二乙烯 基苯的转化率为93.6%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化与0.04g 二氨基二苯基甲烷混合成均一溶液,于100℃下固化2h,130℃下固化3h,150℃ 下固化5h。
实施例7
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:对二 乙烯基苯13g(0.1mol),质量分数30%的过氧化氢204g(1.8mol),苄基三 乙基氯化铵0.13g,氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol),乙腈62.7ml(1.2mol),1,6-己二 胺0.04g。
(1)将13g对二乙烯基苯将、0.13g苄基三乙基氯化铵、4g氢氧化钠、62.7ml乙腈加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)用恒压滴液漏斗向步骤(1)的混合液中滴加204g过氧化氢,于38℃ 下反应20h。
(3)反应结束后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥 过夜,得到的对二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为81.4%,对二乙烯 基苯的转化率为98.8%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的对二乙烯基苯二环氧化与0.04g 1,6- 己二胺混合成均一溶液,于70℃下固化2h,100℃下固化5h,130℃下固化3h。
实施例8
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:对二 乙烯基苯18.2g(0.14mol),氧气80.64g(2.52mol),纳米四氧化三铁0.182g, 碳酸钠14.8g(0.14mol),乙酸乙酯164.5ml(1.68mol),0.04g异佛尔酮二胺。
(1)将18.2g对二乙烯基苯、0.182g纳米四氧化三铁、14.8g碳酸钠、164.5 ml乙酸乙酯加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)向步骤(1)的混合液中通入氧气80.64g,于25℃下反应18h。
(3)反应结束后通过磁分离去除催化剂,然后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤, 旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥过夜,得到的对二乙基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液 体)产率为76.2%,对二乙烯基苯的转化率为86.2%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的对二乙烯基苯二环氧化与0.04g 异佛尔酮二胺混合成均一溶液,于90℃下固化1h,130℃下固化4h,160℃下 固化5h。
实施例9
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:对二 乙烯基苯16.9g(0.13mol),氧气80.64g(2.52mol),α-环糊精0.169g,碳 酸钠13.8g(0.13mol),乙酸乙酯152.7ml(1.56mol),异佛尔酮二胺0.04g。
(1)将16.9g对二乙烯基苯、0.169gα-环糊精,13.8g碳酸钠、152.7ml 乙酸乙酯加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)向步骤(1)的混合液中通入氧气80.64g,于25℃下反应18h。
(3)反应结束后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤,旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥 过夜,得到的对二乙基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色液体)产率为76.2%,对二乙烯基 苯的转化率为84.6%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的对二乙烯基苯二环氧化与0.04g 异佛尔酮二胺混合成均一溶液,于90℃下固化1h,130℃下固化4h,160℃下 固化5h。
实施例10
本实施例制备二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的原料组成为:间二 乙烯基苯26g(0.2mol),氧气115.2g(3.6mol),纳米四氧化三铁0.26g, 碳酸钠16.8g(0.2mol),乙腈125.3ml(2.4mol),二氨基二苯基甲烷0.04g。
(1)将26g对二乙烯基苯、0.26g纳米四氧化三铁、16.8g碳酸钠、125.3 ml乙酸乙酯加入带有搅拌装置和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀形成混合液。
(2)向步骤(1)的混合液中通入氧气115.2g,于36℃下反应30h。
(3)反应结束后通过磁分离去除催化剂,然后用甲苯萃取,蒸馏水洗涤, 旋蒸除去甲苯,真空烘箱干燥过夜,得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化物(浅黄色 液体)产率为84.7%,间二乙烯基苯的转化率为93.9%。
(4)取1g(0.006mol)步骤(3)得到的间二乙烯基苯二环氧化与0.04g 二氨基二苯基甲烷混合成均一溶液,于100℃下固化2h,120℃下固化2h,160℃ 下固化6h。
实施例1~10制备的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物均为粘度较低的二元环氧单体, 其固化产物力学性能与热性能比较优异,具有广阔的市场前景,并且制备过程 绿色环保,省时省力,符合绿色化学的要求。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实 施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、 替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将1~10摩尔份数的二乙烯基芳烃、二乙烯基芳烃质量1%~2%的催化剂、1~10摩尔份数的碱性助剂加入到12~120摩尔份数的溶剂中混匀得到混合液;
S2、向步骤S1的混合液中加入18~180摩尔份数的氧化剂,在25~40℃下反应12~36h,得到含二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物的反应产物;
S3、从步骤S2的反应产物中分离出二乙烯基芳烃二氧化物;
S4、向步骤S3得到的二乙烯基芳烃二氧化物中加入其质量分数1%~4%的固化剂并混匀,于80~100℃下固化1~4h,100~130℃下固化1~4h,130~150℃下固化1~6h,即制得二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物固化产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述二乙烯基芳烃为二乙烯基苯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述催化剂为纳米四氧化三铁、金属乙酰丙酮化合物或相转移催化剂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述碱性助剂为NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3或Na2SO4中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述溶剂为乙腈、丙酮或乙酸乙酯中至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述氧化剂为空气、O2或过氧化氢中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中所述分离的方法包括层析、萃取、蒸馏、磁分离或旋蒸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述固化剂为二元胺类固化剂。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述的一种二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物的制备方法制备得到的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物。
10.权利要求9所述的二乙烯基芳烃二环氧化物及其固化产物在环氧灌浆材料中的应用。
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