CN114532215A - Method for increasing proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds - Google Patents
Method for increasing proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds Download PDFInfo
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- 241001409321 Siraitia grosvenorii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000011171 Thladiantha grosvenorii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BAFHCWDYLASWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;propan-2-one Chemical compound C=C.CC(C)=O BAFHCWDYLASWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000218984 Momordica Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000009815 Momordica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010068319 Oropharyngeal pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007100 Pharyngitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001409305 Siraitia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/026—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility by treatment with chemicals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds, which comprises the following steps: when the momordica grosvenori is pollinated, pollen and ethephon powder are mixed according to the ratio of 8-12: 1 is smeared on the stigmas of the female flowers to finish pollination, thereby improving the proportion of female seeds in the harvested momordica grosvenori fruits. According to the invention, the ethephon powder is coated on the stigma of the female flowers at the same time or before pollination of the momordica grosvenori, so that the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds is increased, and the waste of a large amount of land, manpower and financial resources caused by excessive male momordica grosvenori seeds is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds.
Background
The momordica grosvenori is an important traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung, relieving sore throat, easing up voice, smoothing intestine, relaxing bowels, resisting cancer and the like, is mainly distributed in northern mountainous areas of Guangxi, and is also a specific Chinese traditional medicine. The fruits of the momordica grosvenori contain momordica grosvenori triterpenoid saponin and a large amount of fructose, wherein the momordica grosvenori glycoside V is a component with higher content and sweetness in the momordica grosvenori fruits, is non-toxic, low in calorie, high in sweetness and good in thermal stability, so that the momordica grosvenori glycoside V becomes an ideal natural sweetener and is an ideal sucrose substitute for patients with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, decayed teeth and the like.
However, luo han guo is a heterotrophic plant, and generally, the progeny population has few female plants and many male plants, and the males and females cannot be visually distinguished before luo han guo blooms. Therefore, in the breeding of new species and mass production, excessive male plants need to be removed after blooming, which not only causes the waste of a large amount of land, manpower and financial resources, but also reduces the breeding efficiency.
Therefore, a method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least the above drawbacks and to provide advantages which will be explained later.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds which improves the efficiency of pollination.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds, comprising: when the momordica grosvenori is pollinated, pollen and ethephon powder are mixed according to the ratio of 8-12: 1 is smeared on the stigmas of the female flowers to finish pollination, thereby improving the proportion of female seeds in the harvested momordica grosvenori fruits.
In the scheme, firstly, ethephon powder is coated on stigma of female flowers at the same time or before pollination of the momordica grosvenori, so that the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds is increased, and the waste of a large amount of land, manpower and financial resources caused by excessive male momordica grosvenori seeds is reduced.
Secondly, ethephon powder and pollen are matched for pollination, pollen tubes are stimulated to penetrate through stigma together to finish fertilization, meanwhile, the Siraitia grosvenorii fruit setting is promoted under the action of ethephon, and the continuous action can be realized in the fruit expansion period, so that the fruit expansion is promoted, and the economic benefit is improved.
Finally, the ethephon powder is low in cost, environment-friendly, suitable for large-scale production and high in practicability and popularization value.
Preferably, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 200-250 mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
Preferably, when the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container until the pollen is used for pollination; wherein the pollen is maintained at 4-8 deg.C.
Preferably, the ethephon powder is obtained by: and grinding ethephon crystals, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder.
Preferably, the momordica grosvenori fruits are harvested 80-85 days after artificial pollination when the pericarp turns yellow and the stalk is withered and yellow.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder is 10: 1.
preferably, the method further comprises the steps of dissolving the ethephon powder in acetone to obtain ethephon acetone liquid; when in pollination, the ethephon acetone solution is firstly sprayed on the head of the female flower, and pollen is sprayed or smeared on the head of the female flower to finish the pollination; wherein the volume ratio of the ethephon powder to the acetone in the ethephon acetone solution is 5: 25-30; the spraying amount of the ethephon solution is 0.1-0.2 ml of the ethephon solution sprayed on each female flower stigma.
In the scheme, the ethephon powder is dissolved in acetone to prepare the ethephon acetone solution, so that the ethephon acetone solution can be directly sprayed on the stigma of the female flower to act on the stigma of the female flower.
And secondly, the ethephon solution is sprayed on the female stigma, so that a layer of ethephon fog film is formed on the surface of the female stigma, and pollen can be better adhered to the ethephon fog film when being sprayed towards the female stigma, thereby simplifying pollination operation and saving pollination time.
Finally, the acetone on the surface of the female stigma can volatilize in a short time due to the fact that the acetone is volatile, ethephon and pollen are directly contacted with the female stigma to better act on the female stigma, and therefore pollination is completed.
Preferably, the pollen is sprayed or smeared on the stigmas of female flowers of the female plants for pollination after the completion of the spraying of the ethephon solution and before the ethephon solution is volatilized.
Preferably, the method further comprises blowing warm air at 25-30 ℃ towards the stigma of the female flowers for 1-3 seconds after pollination is completed; wherein the wind speed of the warm wind is less than 5 m/s.
In the scheme, the volatilization of acetone on the surface of the female stigma is accelerated in a mode of blowing warm air to the female stigma, ethephon and pollen are rapidly and directly contacted with the female stigma, and therefore the pollination efficiency is improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds of the invention coats ethephon powder on stigma of female flowers at the same time or before pollination of momordica grosvenori, thereby increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds and reducing the waste of a large amount of land, manpower and financial resources caused by excessive male momordica grosvenori seeds.
Secondly, the method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds uses ethephon powder and pollen to carry out pollination, stimulates a pollen tube to pass through a stigma together to finish fertilization, promotes the momordica grosvenori to bear fruits under the action of ethephon, and can continuously act in the fruit expansion period, thereby promoting the fruit expansion and realizing the improvement of economic benefit.
In addition, the method for increasing the proportion of the female momordica grosvenori seeds has the advantages of low ethephon powder cost, environmental friendliness, suitability for large-scale production and strong practicability and popularization value.
In addition, the method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds dissolves the ethephon powder into acetone to prepare ethephon acetone solution, so that the ethephon acetone solution can be directly sprayed onto the stigmas of female flowers to act on the stigmas of the female flowers.
In addition, according to the method for increasing the proportion of the female seeds of the momordica grosvenori, the ethephon solution is sprayed on the female stigma, so that a layer of ethephon fog film is formed on the surface of the female stigma, and pollen can be better adhered to the ethephon fog film when being sprayed towards the female stigma, so that the pollination operation is simplified, and the pollination time is saved.
In addition, the method for increasing the proportion of the female momordica grosvenori seeds has the advantages that acetone is volatile, so that the acetone on the surface of the female stigma can volatilize in a short time, ethephon and pollen are directly contacted with the female stigma to better act on the female stigma, and pollination is completed.
Finally, the method for increasing the proportion of the female momordica grosvenori seeds accelerates the volatilization of acetone on the surface of the female stigma in a mode of blowing warm air to the female stigma so as to quickly enable ethephon and pollen to directly contact with the female stigma, thereby improving the pollination efficiency.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, collecting pollen of the male flowers when the male flowers are opened to obtain the pollen.
Step two, when the female flowers bloom, respectively smearing ethephon powder and pollen on the stigmas of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the mass ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder is 8: 1.
and step three, after the fruits are ripe, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out the seeds in the fruits.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the step two is replaced by the following step:
step two, when the female flowers bloom, respectively smearing ethephon powder and pollen on the stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the mass ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder is 10: 1.
example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the step two is replaced by the following step:
step two, when the female flowers bloom, respectively smearing ethephon powder and pollen on the stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the mass ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder is 12: 1.
example 4
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, collecting pollen of the male flowers when the male flowers are opened to obtain the pollen.
Step two, mixing the pollen and ethephon powder according to the weight ratio of 10: 1 to obtain a pollen mixture, and smearing the pollen mixture on the stigma of the female flowers when the female flowers bloom to finish pollination.
And step three, after the fruits are ripe, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out the seeds in the fruits.
Example 5
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
And step two, when the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container at 4 ℃ to obtain the pollen.
And step three, grinding and crushing the ethephon crystals, and sieving the ethephon crystals by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder.
Step four, when the female flowers bloom, respectively coating ethephon powder and pollen on stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the mass ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder is 10: 1.
and step five, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out seeds in the fruits 85 days after artificial pollination when the fruit peels turn yellow and the fruit stalks are withered and yellow.
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 5, the step one is replaced by the following step:
step one, spraying a fructus momordicae plant with ethephon solution with the concentration of 200mg/L until leaves drip when the fructus momordicae plant grows to 3-4 true leaves and goes to a greenhouse.
Example 7
On the basis of the embodiment 5, the step one is replaced by the following step:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 220mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
Example 8
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
And step two, when the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container at 4 ℃ to obtain the pollen.
Step three, grinding and crushing ethephon crystals, and sieving the ethephon crystals with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder; mixing ethephon powder and acetone according to the volume ratio of 5: 28 in the amount of the total amount of the above-mentioned components were dissolved in acetone to obtain a solution of ethephon.
Step four, when the female flowers bloom, spraying the ethephon solution on the stigma of the female flowers, and then spraying pollen on the stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the spraying amount of the ethephon acetone solution is 0.1-0.2 ml of that of each female flower stigma.
And step five, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out seeds in the fruits 85 days after artificial pollination when the fruit peels turn yellow and the fruit stalks are withered and yellow.
Example 9
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
And step two, after the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container at 4 ℃ to obtain the pollen.
Step three, grinding and crushing ethephon crystals, and sieving the ethephon crystals with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder; mixing ethephon powder and acetone according to the volume ratio of 5: 28 in the amount of the total amount of the above-mentioned components were dissolved in acetone to obtain a solution of ethephon.
Step four, when the female flowers bloom, spraying the ethephon solution on the heads of the female flowers, and then smearing the pollen on the heads of the female flowers to finish pollination; wherein the spraying amount of the ethephon acetone solution is 0.1-0.2 ml of that of each female flower stigma.
And fifthly, blowing warm air at 25 ℃ towards the female stigma for 2 seconds, wherein the air speed of the warm air is 5 m/s, and the distance between a warm air outlet and the female stigma is 20-30 cm.
And step six, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out seeds in the fruits 85 days after artificial pollination when the peels turn yellow and the stalks turn withered and yellow.
Example 10
On the basis of the embodiment 8, the step three is replaced by the following step:
step three, grinding and crushing ethephon crystals, and sieving the ethephon crystals with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder; mixing ethephon powder and acetone according to the volume ratio of 5: dissolving the mixture in acetone according to the proportion of 25 to obtain the ethephon solution.
Example 11
On the basis of the embodiment 8, the step three is replaced by the following step:
step three, grinding and crushing ethephon crystals, and sieving the ethephon crystals with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder; mixing ethephon powder and acetone according to the volume ratio of 5: dissolving the mixture in acetone at a ratio of 30 to obtain a ethephon solution.
Comparative example 1
A method for obtaining seeds of Momordica grosvenori Swingle comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting pollen of the male flowers when the male flowers are opened to obtain the pollen.
And step two, when the female flowers bloom, smearing the pollen on the stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination.
And step three, after the fruits are ripe, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out the seeds in the fruits.
Comparative example 2
A method of increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds comprising the steps of:
step one, when 3-4 true leaves of a momordica grosvenori plant are planted, a ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is sprayed on the momordica grosvenori plant until the leaves drip.
And step two, when the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container at 4 ℃ to obtain the pollen.
And step three, when the female flowers bloom, smearing the pollen on the stigma of the female flowers to finish pollination.
And step four, after the fruits are ripe, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori and taking out the seeds in the fruits.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of comparative example 2, step one was replaced with:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori is put on a greenhouse, a ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is sprayed on momordica grosvenori plants until leaves drip.
Comparative example 4
On the basis of comparative example 2, step one was replaced with:
step one, when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
Proportion statistics of female plants obtained after cultivation of momordica grosvenori seeds
Dividing the test field into 11 test areas at random, planting the seeds of the momordica grosvenori obtained by the methods of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-4 in 11 test areas respectively in groups, wherein the number of the momordica grosvenori planted in each test area is more than 150, and maintaining until the momordica grosvenori plants bloom under the same other maintenance and management conditions.
After the plants bloom, 100 arhat seedlings with buds are randomly selected in each test area respectively for carrying out the statistics of the number of female plants and male plants, and the results are shown in table 1:
from the data in Table 1, it is seen from the data in comparative examples 1 to 3 that when ethephon powder and pollen were applied to the stigma of female flowers for pollination and the weight ratio of pollen to ethephon powder was 10: when 1, the proportion of female in the seeds of the momordica grosvenori is higher.
Comparing the data of example 2 and example 4, it is known that the proportion of females in the seeds of momordica grosvenori obtained by mixing ethephon powder and pollen and then applying the mixture to the stigma of female flowers for pollination and applying ethephon powder and pollen to the stigma of female flowers for pollination are not very different.
Comparing the data of example 2 and example 5, it can be seen that spraying ethephon solution when 3-4 true leaves of the plants and when the plants are put on the greenhouse can increase the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds.
The data of comparative examples 5 to 7 show that the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds obtained by spraying the ethephon solution with the concentration of 250mg/L is large.
Comparing the data of example 5 and example 8, it can be seen that the ratio of females in the seed of luo han guo can be increased by preparing the ethephon crystal into the ethephon solution, spraying the ethephon solution first and then spraying the male pollen on the stigma of the female flowers when the female flowers bloom.
Comparing the data of example 8 and example 9, it can be seen that spraying the ethephon solution and spraying the pollen, blowing the pollen toward the stigma of the female flowers with warm wind can increase the proportion of female in the seeds of luo han guo.
The data of comparative examples 9 to 11 show that the ethephon solution was sprayed before the pollen application, and the volume ratio of ethephon powder to acetone in the ethephon solution was 5: at 28 days, the proportion of female fructus momordicae seeds obtained was large.
The data of comparative example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and the data of comparative example 5 and comparative example 4 show that ethephon powder and pollen were applied to the stigmas of female flowers during pollination, respectively, and the weight ratio of the pollen to the ethephon powder was 10: 1, the proportion of female fructus momordicae seeds can be remarkably increased.
Statistics of fruit yield and pollination time of momordica grosvenori under different pollination conditions
Selecting grosvenor momordica plants with similar growth vigor in the same test field, randomly dividing the plants into 11 groups, planting 50 grosvenor momordica in each group by adopting the methods of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-4 respectively, and planting other momordica plants under the same conditions until obtaining the fruits of the grosvenor momordica.
1. When pollinating, the method of embodiment 5-7 is adopted for pollination, 10 workers with similar pollination proficiency are respectively sent out in each group for pollination, the time required for completing pollination of momordica grosvenori plants in each group is recorded, 3 repeats are set in each group in the experiment and the average value is taken, and the result is shown in table 2:
| item | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 |
| Time (minutes) | 115 | 26 | 31 |
According to the data in the table 2, the data in the comparative examples 5-7 show that the time required for pollination can be remarkably shortened by preparing the ethephon powder into the ethephon acetone solution and spraying the ethephon powder on the female stigma directly, and the pollination working efficiency is greatly improved.
2. After the fruits of the momordica grosvenori are ripe, harvesting the fruits of the momordica grosvenori in groups, and recording the number of the harvested momordica grosvenori in each group; and dividing the momordica grosvenori in each group into a special grade, a first grade, a second grade and a third grade according to the momordica grosvenori grade standard, and simultaneously recording the number of the momordica grosvenori in each grade. Wherein, the siraitia grosvenorii grades are graded according to the standard of table 3; the number of luo han guo groups is shown in table 4.
Table 3: siraitia grosvenori grade
Table 4: the number of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii in each group
According to the data in Table 4, the data in comparative examples 1 to 3 show that the ratio of ethephon powder to pollen has little influence on the yield of Siraitia grosvenorii; however, the comparison of the data of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 shows that the addition of ethephon powder during pollination can increase the yield of the momordica grosvenori compared with the traditional pollination, and meanwhile, the large fruit rate of the momordica grosvenori is relatively improved.
Comparing the data of example 5 and example 8, it can be seen that pollination of luo han guo by the spray application of example 6 has little effect on the yield of luo han guo.
Comparing the data of example 8 and example 9, it can be seen that the yield of luo han guo can be increased by blowing warm air after pollination is completed while the rate of big fruit in luo han guo is relatively increased.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is therefore not to be limited to the specific details described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds is characterized in that when momordica grosvenori pollination is carried out, pollen and ethephon powder are mixed according to the proportion of 8-12: 1 is smeared on the stigmas of the female flowers to finish pollination, thereby improving the proportion of female seeds in the harvested momordica grosvenori fruits.
2. The method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1, further comprising: when the momordica grosvenori plants grow to 3-4 true leaves and are put on a greenhouse, ethephon solution with the concentration of 200-250 mg/L is respectively adopted to spray the momordica grosvenori plants until the leaves drip.
3. The method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1, further comprising: when the male flowers are opened, picking the opened male flowers at 5-7 am, scraping pollen of the male flowers, and storing the pollen in a dry container until the pollen is used for pollination;
wherein the pollen is maintained at 4-8 deg.C.
4. The method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1 wherein the ethephon powder is obtained by:
and grinding ethephon crystals, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain ethephon powder.
5. The method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1, further comprising: and (4) harvesting the momordica grosvenori fruits 80-85 days after artificial pollination when the peels turn yellow and the stalks turn withered yellow.
6. The method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1 wherein the mass ratio of pollen to ethephon powder is 10: 1.
7. the method of increasing the proportion of female luo han guo seeds of claim 1, further comprising: dissolving ethephon powder in acetone to obtain ethephon acetone solution;
when the momordica grosvenori is pollinated, the ethylene acetone solution is sprayed on the female stigma, and then pollen is sprayed or smeared on the female stigma to finish pollination;
wherein the volume ratio of the ethephon powder to the acetone in the ethephon acetone solution is 5: 25-30;
the spraying amount of the ethephon solution is 0.1-0.2 ml of the ethephon solution sprayed on each female flower stigma.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pollen is sprayed or smeared onto the stigmas of female flowers of the female plant for pollination after the completion of the spraying of the ethephon solution and before the evaporation of the ethephon solution.
9. The method for increasing the proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds of claim 7, further comprising blowing warm air at 25-30 ℃ toward the stigma of the female flowers for 1-3 seconds after pollination is completed;
wherein the wind speed of the warm wind is less than 5 m/s.
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Application publication date: 20220527 Assignee: Guangxi Liangzhihui Seed Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022450000481 Denomination of invention: Methods of increasing the proportion of female seeds of Momordica grosvenorii Granted publication date: 20221209 License type: Common License Record date: 20221230 |