CN114507937B - 一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料 - Google Patents

一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料 Download PDF

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CN114507937B
CN114507937B CN202210047369.2A CN202210047369A CN114507937B CN 114507937 B CN114507937 B CN 114507937B CN 202210047369 A CN202210047369 A CN 202210047369A CN 114507937 B CN114507937 B CN 114507937B
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layer fiber
thermal insulation
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insulation material
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CN114507937A (zh
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马晓飞
张丽
张志成
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Jixiang Sanbao High Tech New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，包括单层纤维网和复合于单层纤维网表面的超细纤维，所述单层纤维网由中空纤维和复合于中空纤维上的包覆材料组成，所述包覆材料的熔点小于中空纤维的熔点，所述包覆材料的熔点小于超细纤维的熔点，本发明克服了现有技术的不足，使超细纤维在喷射到单层纤维网的表面上时，能够与单层纤维网牢固结合，有效的提高了该保暖材料的耐用性，同时超细纤维形成了优异的保暖结构。

Description

一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料
技术领域
本发明涉及保暖材料加工技术领域，具体属于一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料。
背景技术
随着人类活动范围的扩大和环境的需要，保温保暖材料开始广泛用于野外帐篷、军事作战服、登山装备以及汽车、航空航天等设备领域。人们对保温保暖材料的需求已不仅限于防寒上，而更希望将各类保温保暖材料优点集于一身，实现多功能化的目标。但是，各类材料的研究表明，透气透湿性和保暖性作为保温保暖材料的两项重要指标，存在一定的矛盾性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，克服了现有技术的不足，解决了仿鹅绒保暖材料吸湿性和保暖性相互矛盾的问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明所采取的技术方案如下：
一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，包括单层纤维网和复合于单层纤维网表面的超细纤维，所述单层纤维网由中空纤维和复合于中空纤维上的包覆材料组成，所述包覆材料的熔点小于超细纤维的熔点。
其中，所述中空纤维为木棉纤维。
其中，所述单层纤维网的制备方法为：将中空纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率15-25wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至240-250℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至250-260℃，然后升温至260-280℃，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，收卷，得到单层纤维网。
所述预聚液由以下重量份的原料制成：乙二醇60-70份、2-乙基己醇0.5-1份、对苯二甲酸20-30份和0.003-0.005份Sb2O3。
其中，所述超细纤维由以下重量份的原料制成：聚酰胺50-60份、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐3-5份、亚磷酸三乙酯2-3份、0.5-1份稳定剂苯甲酸钠和1-2份抗氧剂1010。
其中，所述聚酰胺为聚酰胺66和聚酰胺11按质量比1:0.2-0.4混合而成。
制备阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至250-260℃，使中空纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；
S2，将超细纤维的原料混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器；
S3，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于50-70KV之间的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；
S4，将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在50-70KV之间的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料。高压电场不仅能够对喷射向单层纤维网表面的超细纤维进行导向，同时能够产生静电效应，避免喷射到单层纤维网表面的超细纤维之间产生粘连，使保暖材料的表面更加均匀。
本发明与现有技术相比较，本发明的实施效果如下：
1、本发明通过使用包覆材料对中空纤维进行包覆改性，使中空纤维的表面能够形成可熔融的包覆材料，从而使超细纤维在喷射到单层纤维网的表面上时，能够与单层纤维网牢固结合，有效的提高了该保暖材料的耐用性，同时超细纤维形成了优异的保暖结构。
2、本发明通过浸渍法使中空纤维的表面吸附预聚液，使经过预聚液湿润的中空纤维在缩聚后，各中空纤维的接触点之间能够实现连接，从而增强了单层纤维网的强度，同时预聚液内加入的对苯二甲酸能够在酯化反应的过程中与木棉纤维表面的羟基反应，然后经过缩聚过程，使形成的聚酯与木棉纤维结合牢固，不仅提高了木棉纤维的强度，同时使制成的单层纤维网仍具有较好的吸湿能力。
3、本发明使用的超细纤维的原料含有4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐和亚磷酸三乙酯，不仅提高了保暖材料的阻燃能力，同时还使加工的超细纤维的柔软度得到了提高。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
将木棉纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，预浸液由乙二醇60kg、2-乙基己醇0.5kg、对苯二甲酸20kg和0.003kg Sb2O3混合而成，其中对苯二甲酸的颗粒为200以下；然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率15wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至240℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至250℃，然后升温至260℃，进行缩聚反应，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，木棉纤维上形成聚酯包覆材料，而聚酯包覆材料的熔点为252℃，然后收卷，得到单层纤维网，按ASTM D2261中的方法测试，撕裂强度为2.3N。
将聚酰胺66 50kg、聚酰胺11 10kg、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐3kg、亚磷酸三乙酯2kg、0.5kg苯甲酸钠和1kg抗氧剂1010混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器。
将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至255℃，使木棉纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；接着，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，超细纤维的熔点为268℃，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于50KV的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在50KV的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料，该保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软，保暖性能优异，且单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.4s，吸湿速度块，穿着舒适，同时该保暖材料的UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
实施例2
将木棉纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，预浸液由乙二醇70kg、2-乙基己醇1kg、对苯二甲酸30kg和0.005kg Sb2O3混合而成，其中对苯二甲酸的颗粒为200以下；然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率25wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至250℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至260℃，然后升温至280℃，进行缩聚反应，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，木棉纤维上形成聚酯包覆材料，而聚酯包覆材料的熔点为254℃，然后收卷，得到单层纤维网，按ASTM D2261中的方法测试，撕裂强度为2.8N。
将聚酰胺66 60kg、聚酰胺11 24kg、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐5kg、亚磷酸三乙酯3kg、1kg苯甲酸钠和2kg抗氧剂1010混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器。
将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至260℃，使木棉纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；接着，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，超细纤维的熔点为265℃，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于70KV的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在70KV的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料，该保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软，保暖性能优异，且单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.2s，吸湿速度块，穿着舒适，同时该保暖材料的UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
实施例3
将木棉纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，预浸液由乙二醇65kg、2-乙基己醇0.8kg、对苯二甲酸24kg和0.003kg Sb2O3混合而成，其中对苯二甲酸的颗粒为200以下；然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率20wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至250℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至260℃，然后升温至270℃，进行缩聚反应，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，木棉纤维上形成聚酯包覆材料，而聚酯包覆材料的熔点为253℃，然后收卷，得到单层纤维网，按ASTM D2261中的方法测试，撕裂强度为2.6N。
将聚酰胺66 55kg、聚酰胺11 16kg、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐4kg、亚磷酸三乙酯2.5kg、0.8kg苯甲酸钠和1.6kg抗氧剂1010混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器。
将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至255℃，使木棉纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；接着，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，超细纤维的熔点为267℃，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于60KV的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在60KV的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料，该保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软，保暖性能优异，且单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.1s，吸湿速度块，穿着舒适，同时该保暖材料的UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
实施例4
将木棉纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，预浸液由乙二醇60kg、2-乙基己醇1kg、对苯二甲酸25kg和0.004kg Sb2O3混合而成，其中对苯二甲酸的颗粒为200以下；然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率25wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至245℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至250℃，然后升温至270℃，进行缩聚反应，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，木棉纤维上形成聚酯包覆材料，而聚酯包覆材料的熔点为250℃，然后收卷，得到单层纤维网，按ASTM D2261中的方法测试，撕裂强度为2.9N。
将聚酰胺66 50kg、聚酰胺11 20kg、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐4kg、亚磷酸三乙酯2.8kg、0.6kg苯甲酸钠和1.4kg抗氧剂1010混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器。
将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至252℃，使木棉纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；接着，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，超细纤维的熔点为264℃，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于70KV的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在70KV的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料，该保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软，保暖性能优异，且单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.3s，吸湿速度块，穿着舒适，同时该保暖材料的UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
对比例1
与实施例4的区别在于，预浸液为乙二醇，得到的单层纤维网按ASTM D2261中的方法测试，撕裂强度为1.1N。得到的保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，且单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.0s，UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
对比例2
与实施例4的区别在于，聚酰胺11替换为等质量的聚酰胺66，得到的保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀性一般，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软，单层纤维网一侧按AATCC79-2000中的方法进行吸水性测试，水滴吸收时间为6.3s，UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1。
对比例3
与实施例4的区别在于，亚磷酸三乙酯的加入量为0，得到的保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀性差，UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-1，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维不柔软。
对比例4
与实施例4的区别在于，4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐的加入量为0，得到的保暖材料表面的超细纤维分布均匀，UL-94垂直燃烧等级为V-0，仿鹅绒保暖材料上的超细纤维柔软。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (4)

1.一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，包括单层纤维网和复合于单层纤维网表面的超细纤维，其特征在于，所述单层纤维网由中空纤维和复合于中空纤维上的包覆材料组成，所述包覆材料的熔点小于超细纤维的熔点；
所述中空纤维为木棉纤维；
所述单层纤维网的制备方法为：将中空纤维浸入包覆材料的预聚液中，然后捞出送入轧液机，控制轧液率15-25wt％，然后送入开松机中进行开松，接着通过梳棉机梳理形成单层网，然后将单层网置于密闭的反应器内，升温至240-250℃，进行酯化反应；酯化反应结束后排出多余的乙二醇和水，抽真空，先升温至250-260℃，然后升温至260-280℃，待缩聚完成后，降至室温，收卷，得到单层纤维网；
所述预聚液由以下重量份的原料制成：乙二醇60-70份、2-乙基己醇0.5-1份、对苯二甲酸20-30份和0.003-0.005份Sb2O3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，其特征在于，所述超细纤维由以下重量份的原料制成：聚酰胺50-60份、4-氨基苯磷酸钠盐3-5份、亚磷酸三乙酯2-3份、0.5-1份稳定剂苯甲酸钠和1-2份抗氧剂1010。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料，其特征在于，所述聚酰胺为聚酰胺66和聚酰胺11按质量比1:0.2-0.4混合而成。
4.制备权利要求1所述的阻燃的仿鹅绒保暖材料的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，将单层纤维网置于输网帘上，然后加热至250-260℃，使中空纤维上的包覆材料处于熔融状态；
S2，将超细纤维的原料混合均匀，并加热至熔融状态，形成熔体，将熔体送入气流牵伸器；
S3，将加热的单层纤维网输送至气流牵伸装置的下方，使气流牵伸装置拉伸喷出的超细纤维喷射在单层纤维网上，同时在喷射的过程中，使气流牵伸装置与单层纤维网置于50-70KV之间的电场中，电场方向至气流牵伸装置指向单层纤维网；
S4，将喷射完成后的单层纤维网使用输网帘继续向前输送，在50-70KV之间的电场中冷却至室温，形成仿鹅绒保暖材料。
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