CN114478121A - Composite organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114478121A CN114478121A CN202210165855.4A CN202210165855A CN114478121A CN 114478121 A CN114478121 A CN 114478121A CN 202210165855 A CN202210165855 A CN 202210165855A CN 114478121 A CN114478121 A CN 114478121A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 48
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 31
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000193752 Bacillus circulans Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607269 Vibrio proteolyticus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000179039 Paenibacillus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001047076 Paenibacillus xylanilyticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention provides a compound organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein livestock manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder are selected as raw materials, and are decomposed to form a fertilizer rich in micromolecular organic matters through steps of steam explosion, compost fermentation and the like, so that the compound organic fertilizer has balanced nutrients and lasting fertility, and can effectively promote the growth and development of plants after being applied. Meanwhile, bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut chaff, humic acid, a water-retaining agent, chitosan and other raw materials are also added into the fertilizer, and the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5mm is prepared by mixing and granulating, so that agricultural waste resources are utilized, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer are avoided, and a benign ecological cycle is formed; meanwhile, the agricultural travel income can be increased, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a compound organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Chemical fertilizer is an important agricultural production data and plays an irreplaceable role in agricultural production development, but the problems of soil hardening, soil fertility reduction, ecological damage, environmental pollution and agricultural and sideline product quality reduction are easily caused by repeated continuous cropping and unreasonable use throughout the year. The organic fertilizer is mainly prepared by taking animal and plant residues such as livestock and poultry excrement, crop straws and the like as raw materials through innocent treatment and decomposition, not only can the full resource utilization and high added value of straws be realized, but also after the organic fertilizer is applied to soil, the organic matter can effectively improve the physicochemical condition and the biological property of the soil, the soil is cured, the fertilizer retention and supply capacity and the buffering capacity of the soil are enhanced, and good soil conditions are provided for the growth of crops.
However, the traditional organic fertilizer does not reasonably allocate raw materials in the production process, and does not ensure the quality reliability of the raw materials by processing and screening; or the proportion is based on plant materials or animal excrement materials, and the fertility is single; or, the preparation process is complicated, the type and method of adding the strain often result in high production cost, and the burden of agricultural production is increased too much.
The caragana microphylla is a plant for feeding large shrubs, has a developed root system, deep main roots, a plant height of 40-70cm, abundant resources and low price, and belongs to renewable natural resources. The root nodule of the caragana microphylla root has the function of fertilizing soil, the tender branches and leaves contain nitrogen, the caragana microphylla root is a good raw material for preparing green manure by retting, and the branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are all rich in nutrient substances and are good forage grass feeds.
Therefore, how to select different raw materials and simplify the preparation process to prepare the organic fertilizer with rich nutrition and strong fertility is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the compound organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, and the compound organic fertilizer can effectively solve the problem of soil hardening, increase the content of organic matters in soil, loosen the soil and ensure the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a composite organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-40 parts of straw powder, 30-50 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 10-15 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of rectorite powder, 8-12 parts of coconut husk, 4-8 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 2-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 3-6 parts of chitosan and 2-5 parts of a forming auxiliary agent.
Further, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or more of chicken manure, sheep manure, cattle manure, duck manure and pig manure;
the straw powder is prepared by crushing one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, rape straw and cotton straw, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm; the straw powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the straw powder with 0.1-0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2-3, soaking for 6-12h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the straw powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2-4MPa for 150-300s to prepare the pretreated straw powder.
The particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the caragana microphylla powder and 0.1-0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2-3, soaking for 6-12h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2-4MPa for 800s, thereby preparing the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanolyticus and saccharomycetes according to the proportion of 1-3:2-4:1-2:1-3:2-3:1-2 of viable bacteria, wherein the viable bacteria number is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
The water-retaining agent is selected from one or more of sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and starch grafted polyacrylate;
the chitosan is added in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%.
The forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 2-4: 1.
Further, the raw material contains 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate;
preferably, the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of straw powder, 40-50 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 10-12 parts of bentonite, 8-10 parts of rectorite powder, 8-10 parts of coconut husk, 6-8 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 2-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 3-6 parts of chitosan and 2-5 parts of a forming auxiliary agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 1-3% of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 10-40 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 14-16 days to finish primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to grind the material to 100 meshes and 300 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic compound fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the compound organic fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, and is decomposed through the steps of steam explosion, compost fermentation and the like to form the fertilizer rich in micromolecular organic matters, so that the compound organic fertilizer has balanced nutrients and lasting fertility, and can effectively promote the growth and development of plants after being applied.
(2) According to the invention, the water-retaining agent is added in the formula of the compound organic fertilizer, so that the granular structure of the fertilizer can be preserved in soil, the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil are enhanced, and the lasting fertility is ensured.
(3) The invention fully utilizes agricultural waste resources, reduces the application amount of the fertilizer, avoids ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer and forms benign ecological cycle; meanwhile, the agricultural travel income can be increased, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A composite organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of straw powder, 40 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 15 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of rectorite powder, 8 parts of coconut chaff, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 5 parts of water-retaining agent, 5 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of chitosan and 5 parts of forming auxiliary agent;
the poultry manure is a mixture of chicken manure and duck manure in a weight ratio of 2:1, the straw powder is prepared by crushing rice straws and corn straws, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm;
the particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing caragana microphylla powder and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2, soaking for 8h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 4MPa for 500s to obtain the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanolyticus and saccharomycetes in a ratio of 1:2:1:3:3:2 according to the number of viable bacteria, wherein the number of the viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
The water-retaining agent is selected from sodium polyacrylate; the chitosan is added in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5%; the forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 4: 1.
The preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 3% of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 30 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 16 days to complete primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 90 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to be ground into 300 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
Example 2
A composite organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of straw powder, 50 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of rectorite powder, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 8 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of chitosan and 3 parts of forming auxiliary agent.
Further, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from pig manure, the straw powder is prepared by crushing sorghum straws, rape straws and cotton straws, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm; the straw powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing straw powder and 0.3M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:3, soaking for 12h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the straw powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 3MPa for 200s to prepare the pretreated straw powder.
The particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing caragana microphylla powder and 0.2M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:3, soaking for 10h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2MPa for 800s to obtain the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanolyticus and saccharomycetes according to the ratio of 3:4:1:2:3:1 of viable bacteria number which is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
The water-retaining agent is selected from starch grafted polyacrylate; the chitosan is added in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1%; the forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 2: 1.
The preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 2% of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 20 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 15 days to complete primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 80 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to be ground into 200 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
Example 3
A composite organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 35 parts of straw powder, 40 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 12 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of rectorite powder, 9 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 4 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of chitosan and 4 parts of a forming auxiliary agent; 10 parts of an inorganic fertilizer;
further, the livestock manure is selected from a mixture of cow manure and duck manure according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;
the straw powder is prepared by crushing rice straws, wheat straws and cotton straws, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm; the particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing caragana microphylla powder and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2, soaking for 7h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 3MPa for 600s to obtain the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanolyticus and saccharomycetes according to the ratio of 3:3:2:1:3:2 in terms of viable bacteria number which is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
The water-retaining agent is selected from potassium polyacrylate; the chitosan is added with the forming auxiliary agent in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, and the forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to the weight ratio of 4: 1.
The inorganic fertilizer is selected from urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to a weight ratio of 3: 1:2, or a mixture thereof.
The preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 2% of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 40 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 14 days to complete primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 90 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to be ground into 100 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
Example 4
A composite organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of straw powder, 30 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 15 parts of bentonite, 7 parts of rectorite powder, 12 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 4 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of chitosan and 2 parts of forming auxiliary agent;
further, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from chicken manure; the straw powder is prepared by crushing wheat straws and sorghum straws, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm; the particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing caragana microphylla powder and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2.5, soaking for 6h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2MPa for 500s to obtain the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanilyticus and saccharomycetes according to the ratio of 1:2:2:3:2:1 of viable count which is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
The water-retaining agent is selected from starch grafted polyacrylate; the chitosan is added in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.6%; the forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to a weight ratio of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 2.5 percent of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 25 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 16 days to complete primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 90 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to be ground into 300 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compound organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-40 parts of straw powder, 30-50 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 10-15 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of rectorite powder, 8-12 parts of coconut husk, 4-8 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 2-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 3-6 parts of chitosan and 2-5 parts of a forming auxiliary agent.
2. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or more of chicken manure, sheep manure, cattle manure, duck manure and pig manure.
3. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the straw powder is prepared by crushing one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, rape straw and cotton straw, and the length of the straw powder is 1-3 cm; the straw powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the straw powder with 0.1-0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2-3, soaking for 6-12h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the straw powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2-4MPa for 150-300s to prepare the pretreated straw powder.
4. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the caragana microphylla powder is 1-3cm, the caragana microphylla powder is pretreated by steam explosion, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the caragana microphylla powder and 0.1-0.5M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2-3, soaking for 6-12h, and filtering, and (2) performing steam explosion on the caragana microphylla powder treated in the step (1) under the pressure of 2-4MPa for 800s, thereby preparing the pretreated caragana microphylla powder.
5. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus, bacillus circulans, paenibacillus xylanolyticus and saccharomycetes according to the proportion of 1-3:2-4:1-2:1-3:2-3:1-2 of viable bacteria, wherein the viable bacteria number is more than or equal to 1X109One per ml.
6. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the water retaining agent is selected from one or more of sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and starch grafted polyacrylate.
7. The compound organic fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the raw material contains 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate.
8. The compound organic fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the chitosan is added in the form of an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%.
9. The compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the forming auxiliary agent is a mixture of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 2-4: 1.
10. A method for preparing a composite organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and caragana microphylla powder, placing the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder into a fermentation container, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, wherein the addition amount of the water is 1-3% of the total weight of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder and the caragana microphylla powder, then adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at the temperature of 10-40 ℃, turning when the composting temperature is close to 65 ℃, and reducing the temperature to normal temperature after 14-16 days to finish primary fermentation;
(2) drying the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, controlling the water content to be below 2%, and then putting the dried material into a ball mill to grind the material to 100 meshes and 300 meshes to obtain a mixed powder base material;
(3) uniformly mixing the mixed base material obtained in the step (2) with bentonite, rectorite powder, coconut husk, humic acid and a water-retaining agent, spraying a chitosan solution, and adding a forming aid to obtain mixed powder;
(4) and (4) conveying the mixed powder obtained in the step (4) to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the compound organic fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
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| CN115644016A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-31 | 陕西清北雅柯环保科技有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate prepared by low-temperature synergistic carbonization-coupling fermentation of straw and excrement and method |
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