CN115504841A - Fermented pig manure organic fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented pig manure organic fertilizer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fermented pig manure organic fertilizer. The invention discloses a production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma; crushing and sieving crop straws, adjusting water content, adding a compound bacterial liquid alpha, fermenting for 1-5 days, sterilizing, filtering, adding solids into a sodium hydroxide solution, standing for 10-20h, dropwise adding the solids into a solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in a stirring state, stirring for 1-2h at 60-80 ℃, filtering, washing, drying and crushing to obtain pretreated crop straws; adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 40-60wt%, fermenting for 4-7 days, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2-7.8 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 10-20 days, adding pretreated crop straws, and mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fermented pig manure, in particular to a fermented pig manure organic fertilizer and a production method thereof.
Background
With the economic development and population expansion of human beings, the phenomenon of water resource shortage is becoming more serious, which directly leads to the expansion of arid regions and the aggravation of the degree of drought, and the tendency of drought becomes a global concern. Drought caused by that the soil moisture in the drought area can not meet the requirements of plant root system absorption and normal transpiration, and the drought harms the growth of crops and causes the yield reduction of the crops. Currently, some measures are taken such as: the large evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced to a great extent by laying various mulching films, but the polyethylene mulching film is not easy to degrade and has high recycling difficulty, and rainwater infiltration is blocked due to accumulation, so that the water-containing capability of the soil is reduced, and the drought resistance is reduced.
Fruit trees have the characteristic of large water demand, and in arid regions or regions with sparse rainfall, the growth and development of the fruit trees are influenced by water stress or physiological drought, and meanwhile, the water resources are relatively deficient, so that drought-resistant and water-retention cultivation measures need to be taken for the fruit trees. The traditional fertilizer has no obvious effect on improving the drought resistance and water retention of plants, and meanwhile, the problems of drought and water saving of fruit trees cannot be solved, so that the normal growth and development of the fruit trees cannot be guaranteed, and further the economic benefit of the fruit trees is reduced.
With the continuous development of animal husbandry in China, the pig raising industry is greatly improved, and China becomes the first big pig raising country in the world. While developing, the problem of treating a large amount of pig manure becomes a great problem. The pig manure contains a large amount of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and is an organic fertilizer with rich nutrition. At present, in the fertilizer application of pig manure, the processes mainly comprise direct drying, natural composting, microbial inoculant fermentation and the like. The microbial inoculant fermentation is characterized in that functional microbes are added on the basis of composting, the indigenous microbes are replaced by rapid propagation of beneficial microbes, the microbial community structure of the composting is regulated, the activity of the beneficial microbes is improved, and a complex and stable ecological system is formed by the mutual synergistic action of strains. The production of the bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing the fermented pig manure not only solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of a large amount of pig manure, but also provides necessary organic fertilizer for the development of green and organic agriculture in development,
the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer is applied to arid soil, and is often volatilized due to sudden drought, so that moisture is supplied to the arid soil, the volatilization speed is reduced, and the content of the moisture in the soil is maintained, which needs to be solved by people. Therefore, how to apply the fermented pig manure to drought soil and enhance the drought resistance of fruits and vegetables becomes a technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a fermented pig manure organic fertilizer and a production method thereof.
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: pig manure, crop straws, humus soil, compound bacterial liquid alpha, compound bacterial liquid beta, acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate; the mass ratio of the pig manure, the crop straws, the humus soil, the composite bacterial liquid alpha, the composite bacterial liquid beta, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and the sodium vinylsulfonate is (40-80): 10-20:5-15:1-3:1-10:1-2:1-2:1-2.
Preferably, the composite bacterial liquid α includes bacillus subtilis liquid, bacillus licheniformis liquid, and lactobacillus liquid.
Preferably, the concentration of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 1-5 hundred million cfu/mL, the concentration of the bacillus licheniformis liquid is 1-3 hundred million cfu/mL, and the concentration of the lactobacillus liquid is 1-5 hundred million cfu/mL.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the bacillus subtilis liquid to the bacillus licheniformis liquid to the lactobacillus liquid is 10-20:4-8:3-6.
Preferably, the composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid according to a mass ratio of 1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the concentration of the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid is 4-8 hundred million cfu/mL, and the concentration of the aspergillus niger liquid is 1-2 hundred million cfu/mL.
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing and sieving crop straws, adjusting the water content to be 50-80wt%, adding a compound bacterial liquid for alpha fermentation for 1-5 days, sterilizing, filtering, adding solids into a sodium hydroxide solution, standing for 10-20h, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solids into a solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1-2h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, filtering, washing, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 40-60wt%, fermenting for 4-7 days, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2-7.8 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 10-20 days, adding pretreated crop straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.2mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 36-40 ℃; in the step (3), the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃.
The application method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the steps of digging a fertilizing ditch, uniformly mixing the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer with dug raw soil, and backfilling the mixture into the fertilizing ditch, wherein the usage amount of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the crop straws are fermented by compounding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus, crude fibers in the crop straws can be efficiently degraded, then the crop straws are aged by sodium hydroxide, so that the internal fiber structure of the crop straws is exposed and the surface of the crop straws contains a large amount of hydroxyl, and the crop straws are compounded by acrylic acid and sodium vinylsulfonate through free radical polymerization reaction and an organic-inorganic structure, so that the water absorption rate of the obtained pretreated crop straws can be effectively improved, and the obtained pretreated crop straws also have excellent biodegradability.
The saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus niger are adopted to compound and ferment the pig manure, not only can efficiently degrade the undigested and complete macromolecular protein in the pig manure, but also can generate a large amount of beneficial live bacteria, decomposition enzymes and active factors, and then the beneficial live bacteria, the decomposition enzymes and the active factors are matched with the pretreated crop straws to act, so that the obtained organic fertilizer is rich in nutrition, can be applied to drought soil, and can effectively reduce the water evaporation rate. The fermented pig manure loaded in the pretreated crop straws is rich in beneficial live bacteria, decomposition enzymes and active factors, can effectively decompose and utilize organic or inorganic components such as organic matters, mineral substances and the like in soil, reduce the soil hardening, desertification and salinization degree, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and can be cooperatively matched with the pretreated crop straws with high water absorption rate, so that the water absorption capacity of the soil can be further enhanced, the water evaporation speed is slowed down, the soil heat preservation effect is good, the activity of microorganisms in the soil can be effectively regulated, the nutrient action period is long, and the special effects of improving the crop quality and improving the stress resistance of crops are achieved.
According to the invention, the pig manure and the crop straws are compounded and fermented, so that organic wastes are changed into the bio-organic fertilizer, organic matters in soil are effectively improved, the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests is reduced, wastes are turned into wealth, the formation of a soil granular structure can be promoted after the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, the balanced supply of soil nutrients is promoted, the water retention and storage capacity of the soil is favorably improved, the very evaporation speed of the soil can be effectively reduced, and the bio-organic fertilizer has a good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the water absorption and water retention of the pretreated corn stover of example 5 with the corn stover used in comparative example 2.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the evaporation rates of organic fertilizers obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 40kg of pig manure, 10kg of wheat straw, 5kg of humus, 1kg of compound bacterial liquid alpha, 1kg of compound bacterial liquid beta, 1kg of acrylic acid, 1kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 1kg of sodium vinylsulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from bacillus subtilis liquid with the concentration of 1 hundred million cfu/mL, bacillus licheniformis liquid with the concentration of 1 hundred million cfu/mL and lactobacillus liquid with the concentration of 1 hundred million cfu/mL according to the volume ratio of 10:4:3 mixing to obtain the product. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 4 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 1: 5.
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 100kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing wheat straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the sieved wheat straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to 50wt%, adding a compound bacterium liquid, performing alpha fermentation for 1 day, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 36 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding a solid into 50kg of a 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, standing for 10 hours, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solid into a solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1 hour at 60 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated wheat straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding composite bacterial liquid beta into the fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to 40wt%, fermenting for 4 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 35 ℃, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2-7.8 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 10 days, adding pretreated wheat straw, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Example 2
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 80kg of pig manure, 20kg of rice straw, 15kg of humus, alpha 3kg of compound bacterial liquid, beta 10kg of compound bacterial liquid, 2kg of acrylic acid, 2kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 2kg of sodium vinylsulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from bacillus subtilis liquid with the concentration of 5 hundred million cfu/mL, bacillus licheniformis liquid with the concentration of 3 hundred million cfu/mL and lactobacillus liquid with the concentration of 5 hundred million cfu/mL according to the volume ratio of 20:8:6 mixing to obtain the product. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 8 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid with the concentration of 2 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 5: 1.
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 200kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing rice straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the sieved rice straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to 80wt%, adding a compound bacterium solution, performing alpha fermentation for 5 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 40 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding a solid into a 150kg sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1.2mol/L, standing for 20h, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solid into the solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated rice straws;
(3) Adding the pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding the compound bacterial liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 60wt%, fermenting for 7 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 37 ℃, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2-7.8 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 20 days, adding the pretreated rice straw, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Example 3
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 50kg of pig manure, 18kg of corn straw, 8kg of humus, 2.5kg of compound bacterium liquid alpha, 4kg of compound bacterium liquid beta, 1.7kg of acrylic acid, 1.2kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 1.7kg of sodium vinyl sulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from bacillus subtilis liquid with the concentration of 2 hundred million cfu/mL, bacillus licheniformis liquid with the concentration of 2.5 hundred million cfu/mL and lactobacillus liquid with the concentration of 2 hundred million cfu/mL according to the volume ratio of 17:5:5, mixing to obtain the product. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 5 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1.7 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 2: 4.
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 130kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing corn straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed corn straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to be 70wt%, adding a compound bacterium solution, performing alpha fermentation for 2 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature to be 39 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding solids into 80kg of a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, standing for 12 hours, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solids into the solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1.3 hours at 75 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 55wt%, fermenting for 5 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature to be 36.5 ℃, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 17 days, adding pretreated corn straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Example 4
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 52kg of pig manure, 13kg of corn straw, 9kg of humus, 1.8kg of composite bacterial liquid alpha, 5kg of composite bacterial liquid beta, 1.4kg of acrylic acid, 1.4kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 1.5kg of sodium vinylsulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from bacillus subtilis liquid with the concentration of 2.5 hundred million cfu/mL, bacillus licheniformis liquid with the concentration of 1.8 hundred million cfu/mL and lactobacillus liquid with the concentration of 2.2 hundred million cfu/mL according to the volume ratio of 14:6:4.2 mixing to obtain the product. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 5 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1.4 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 2.2: 2.1.
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 135kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing corn straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the sieved corn straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to be 62wt%, adding a compound bacterium liquid, performing alpha fermentation for 2 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature to be 37 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding a solid into 90kg of a 0.9mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, standing for 13 hours, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solid into the solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1.4 hours at 66 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 47wt%, fermenting for 5 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 35.8 ℃, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.3 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 15 days, adding pretreated corn straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Example 5
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 62kg of pig manure, 17kg of corn straw, 11kg of humus, 2.5kg of composite bacterial liquid alpha, 7kg of composite bacterial liquid beta, 1.6kg of acrylic acid, 1.5kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 1.6kg of sodium vinyl sulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from 3.5 hundred million cfu/mL of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 2.2 hundred million cfu/mL of bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid and 3.5 hundred million cfu/mL of lactobacillus bacterial liquid according to the volume ratio of 16:6:3 mixing to obtain the product. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 6.5 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1.6 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 2.5:3, and (3).
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 165kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing corn straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed corn straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to 65wt%, adding a compound bacterium solution, performing alpha fermentation for 3 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature to be 38 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding a solid into 115kg of a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.9mol/L, standing for 16h, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solid into the solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1.5h at the temperature of 72 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding compound bacterial liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 52wt%, fermenting for 6 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 36 ℃, adjusting the pH value of the system to be less than or equal to 7.5 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 15 days, adding pretreated corn straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
Adopts an organic fertilizer produced by a biological technology limited company of Anhui and using pig manure as a main material.
Comparative example 2
A fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 62kg of pig manure, 17kg of 200-mesh corn straw, 11kg of humus and 7kg of composite bacterial liquid beta. The composite bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid with the concentration of 6.5 hundred million cfu/mL and aspergillus niger liquid with the concentration of 1.6 hundred million cfu/mL according to the mass ratio of 2.5:3, and (3).
The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 52wt%, fermenting for 6 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 36 ℃, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.5 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 15 days, adding corn straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
A pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 62kg of pig manure, 17kg of corn straw, 11kg of humus, 2.5kg of composite bacterial liquid alpha, 1.6kg of acrylic acid, 1.5kg of N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and 1.6kg of sodium vinyl sulfonate.
The composite bacterial liquid alpha is prepared from 3.5 hundred million cfu/mL of bacillus subtilis liquid, 2.2 hundred million cfu/mL of bacillus licheniformis liquid and 3.5 hundred million cfu/mL of lactobacillus liquid according to a volume ratio of 16:6:3, mixing to obtain the product.
The production method of the pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into 165kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing corn straws, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed corn straws into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content to 65wt%, adding a compound bacterium solution, performing alpha fermentation for 3 days, maintaining the fermentation temperature to be 38 ℃, sterilizing, filtering, adding a solid into 115kg of a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.9mol/L, standing for 16h, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solid into the solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1.5h at the temperature of 72 ℃, filtering, washing with ethanol, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) Mixing the pig manure and humus, adjusting the water content to 52wt%, adding the pretreated corn straw, and uniformly mixing to obtain the pig manure organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizers obtained in the example 5 and the comparative examples 1-3 are detected by referring to NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer, and the results are as follows:
uncoated radish seeds are used as test objects in the process of testing the germination index of the seeds. Analysis of significance differences between groups was processed using SAS software (P < 0.05).
Wherein, the organic matter and total nutrients of the example 5 have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) from the comparative example 1 or the comparative example 2, and the organic matter and total nutrients of the example 5 have significant difference (P is less than 0.05) from the comparative example 3; the germination index of the seeds of the example 5 is obviously different from that of the comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the above table: example 5, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 all fermented pig manure to make the organic matter content obviously lower than that of comparative example 3, and the nitrogen element in the raw material is continuously converted into NH along with the fermentation 3 The total nutrients were also lower than in comparative example 3 due to the discharge.
The Germination Index (GI) of the seeds is used for evaluating the maturity of the organic fertilizer (namely, the degree of maturity, which means the degree of stability of organic matters in the fertilizer after mineralization and humification processes). The germination index of the seeds in the example 5 is obviously superior to that of the seeds in the comparative examples 1 and 2, and the organic fertilizer obtained by the method is proved to have high maturity.
The pretreated corn stover from example 5 and the corn stover used in comparative example 2 were subjected to water uptake and retention tests as follows:
1. and (3) placing each group of samples in a blast drying furnace, drying the samples by hot air at 60 ℃ for 24h, cooling the samples to room temperature, respectively placing 10g of each group of samples in 500mL of deionized water, standing the samples for 60min, and measuring the water absorption rate of the samples.
Water absorption = (M) 2 -M 1 )/M 1 ，
M 1 Is the initial sample mass, g; m 2 The mass of the sample after standing in water, g.
2. Then, the water-absorbed sample was placed in a forced air drying furnace and heat-treated at 45 ℃ for 12 hours, and the water retention was calculated.
Water retention = W t /W 0 ×100％，
W t G is the sample mass after water absorption; w is a group of 0 The mass of the sample after heat treatment, g.
The results are shown in fig. 1, and the water absorption performance and water retention performance of the pretreated corn stalks obtained in example 5 are far superior to those of the corn stalks. The corn straw is fermented by compounding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus, crude fibers in the corn straw can be efficiently degraded, the corn straw is aged by sodium hydroxide to expose an internal fiber structure and contain a large amount of hydroxyl on the surface, and the corn straw is compounded by an organic-inorganic structure through free radical polymerization reaction with acrylic acid and sodium vinylsulfonate to effectively improve the water absorption performance and the water retention performance of the obtained pretreated corn straw.
50g of each of the organic fertilizers obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was mixed with 450g of fine sand, poured into a transparent box (20.5 cm. Times.13.2 cm. Times.6.5 cm), and then 350mL of deionized water (m.times.13.2 cm. Times.6.5 cm) was poured 2 ) Stirring well, weighing (m) 0 ) Then put in the soil under natural conditions, and then the mass (m) is periodically weighed 1 )。
The evaporation rate is calculated as follows: evaporation rate = (m) 0 -m 1 )/m 2 ×100％。
The result is shown in figure 2, the organic fertilizer obtained in example 5 has the best evaporation resistance, because the invention adopts saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus niger to compound pig manure for fermentation, not only can efficiently degrade undigested macromolecular protein in the pig manure, but also can generate a large amount of beneficial viable bacteria, decomposition enzymes and active factors, and then the organic fertilizer is matched with pretreated crop straws for action, so that the organic fertilizer has rich nutrition, can be applied to drought soil, enhances the water absorption capacity of the soil, and slows down the evaporation rate of water.
A comparative experiment of planting honey pomelo was performed in the southern Anhui region using the organic fertilizer obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1-3, and 46 plants were planted per mu with the southern Anhui honey pomelo as a test variety and a tree age of 10-15 years. The planting soil is mountain red soil, and the physical and chemical properties of the planting soil are as follows: pH =4.65, organic matter 10.6g/kg, total nitrogen 1.03g/kg, total phosphorus 0.96g/kg, total potassium 36.4g/kg, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen 105.05mg/kg, fast-acting phosphorus 187.61mg/kg, fast-acting potassium 187.61mg/kg.
Digging a fertilizing ditch in each group of test land, uniformly mixing each group of organic fertilizer with the dug raw soil, and backfilling the mixture into the fertilizing ditch, wherein the using amount of each group of organic fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu. Other planting management measures are kept consistent.
After harvesting, the yield of each group is calculated, and the quality of Mi-GUAN is detected as follows:
| example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | |
| Yield, kg/mu | 3126.57 | 2925.41 | 2893.36 | 2536.22 |
| Vitamin C, mg/100g | 75.52 | 72.36 | 71.55 | 73.37 |
| Total sugar content% | 9.96 | 9.47 | 9.50 | 9.36 |
| Soluble solids content% | 11.36 | 11.18 | 10.80 | 10.59 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: the yield and quality of honey pomelos in the example 5 group are better than those in the comparative example group.
Further detecting the harvested soil, specifically as follows:
| example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | |
| Volume weight, g/cm 3 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.10 |
| Porosity of | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.61 |
| Saturation water capacity in the field% | 17.34 | 14.45 | 16.71 | 15.31 |
| CEC，mmol/kg | 138 | 98 | 120 | 101 |
Analysis of significance differences between groups was processed using SAS software (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the volume weight, field saturation capacity, soil cation exchange capacity and the comparative examples of example 5 (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the data of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (P < 0.05).
From the above table, it can be seen that: the organic fertilizer obtained by the invention can effectively promote the formation of a soil granular structure, form a loose and breathable environment, effectively reduce the evaporation rate of soil and improve the water retention and storage capacity of the soil.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: pig manure, crop straws, humus, compound bacterial liquid alpha, compound bacterial liquid beta, acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate; the mass ratio of the pig manure, the crop straws, the humus soil, the composite bacterial liquid alpha, the composite bacterial liquid beta, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and the sodium vinylsulfonate is 40-80:10-20:5-15:1-3:1-10:1-2:1-2:1-2.
2. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the compound bacterial liquid alpha comprises bacillus subtilis liquid, bacillus licheniformis liquid and lactobacillus liquid.
3. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 1-5 hundred million cfu/mL, the concentration of the bacillus licheniformis liquid is 1-3 hundred million cfu/mL, and the concentration of the lactobacillus liquid is 1-5 hundred million cfu/mL.
4. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer of claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the bacillus subtilis liquid to the bacillus licheniformis liquid to the lactobacillus liquid is 10-20:4-8:3-6.
5. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound bacterial liquid beta is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger bacterial liquid according to a mass ratio of 1-5: 1-5.
6. The fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the concentration of the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid is 4-8 hundred million cfu/mL, and the concentration of the aspergillus niger liquid is 1-2 hundred million cfu/mL.
7. A production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-2-acrylamide and sodium vinylsulfonate into water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution gamma;
(2) Crushing and sieving crop straws, adjusting the water content to be 50-80wt%, adding a compound bacterial liquid for alpha fermentation for 1-5 days, sterilizing, filtering, adding solids into a sodium hydroxide solution, standing for 10-20h, continuously stirring, dropwise adding the solids into a solution gamma under the protection of nitrogen in the stirring process, stirring for 1-2h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, filtering, washing, drying, and crushing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(3) Adding pig manure and humus into a fermentation tank, adding a compound bacterium liquid beta, adjusting the water content to 40-60wt%, fermenting for 4-7 days, adjusting the pH value of a system to be less than or equal to 7.2-7.8 by adopting calcium superphosphate, continuing fermenting for 10-20 days, adding pretreated crop straws, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer.
8. The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.2mol/L.
9. The production method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 36-40 ℃; in the step (3), the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃.
10. The application method of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a fertilizing ditch is dug, the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer and the dug raw soil are uniformly mixed and then backfilled into the fertilizing ditch, and the usage amount of the fermented pig manure organic fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu.
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