CN114468169B - Feed additive for relieving pig stress and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for relieving pig stress and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for relieving pig stress and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feed additives, wherein the feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with nano-gelatin, 7-10 parts of mixed powder, 2-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide and 0.5-1 part of lauric acid monoglyceride; adding the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nano-gel, the mixed powder, the soybean lecithin, the zinc oxide and the lauric acid monoglyceride into a stirring tank for stirring to obtain a primary feed additive after stirring is finished, drying the primary feed additive, and obtaining the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs after drying is finished; the feed additive disclosed by the invention can play a comprehensive stress prevention effect on various stress sources, and can solve the problems of excessive abuse of hormones or antibiotics, excessive trace elements, large side effect, long action time and slow drug effect in the feed additive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for relieving pig stress and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pig stress refers to any action that causes discomfort to the pig, such as antibiotic administration to the pig, pain during administration; the bitter taste of the feed added with the medicine aggravates the appetite decrease of the pigs; off-flavors, moisture, etc. in the pigsty environment. The stress hazard of pigs is mainly shown in that: causing the neogenesis of sugar, leading to the hypofunction of the liver and kidney burden; cause metabolic acidosis; cause the suppression of immune system and the reduction of disease resistance; causing epithelial cell damage, digestive tract respiratory tract disability; causing abnormal osmotic pressure in vivo and ion imbalance; causes anorexia, insufficient nutrient intake and death of pigs under severe stress.
The feed additive is a small amount or trace substance added in the production, processing and using processes of the feed, has a small dosage in the feed but an obvious effect, can strengthen the nutritive value of basic feed, improve the production performance of animals, ensure the health of the animals, save the cost of the feed, improve the quality of animal products, and obtain a good application effect in the breeding of pigs. Research shows that the feed additive can reduce the diarrhea rate of pigs, improve immunity and improve feed intake and feed digestibility, thereby improving the daily ration utilization rate and reducing the feed conversion ratio, has certain promotion effect on increasing intramuscular fat and increasing the content of essential fatty acid, and can improve the quality of pork; however, the existing feed additive has the defects of hormone or antibiotic abuse, overproof certain trace elements and great side effect, and although the problems can be solved by the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has long action time and slow drug effect.
At present, the production is difficult to avoid or eradicate the generation of stressors, so that an anti-stress product is provided, a feed additive capable of reducing or reducing the effect of the stressors is called as an anti-stress feed additive, for example, vitamin C and vitamin E can be used as feed additives for resisting heat stress, and chromium added in the feed additive can have a certain regulation effect on the activity and immune response of insulin of a body and the like.
However, the existing feed additives are basically single feed additives, and in order to reduce the effect of various stress sources, the feed additives are usually required to be mixed, but when the feed additives are mixed, a plurality of feed additives can be affected mutually, for example: choline is easily dissolved in water, has strong alkalinity, and can damage water-soluble vitamins, calcium and phosphorus; ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride and ferrous sulfide can accelerate vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin B1Vitamin B2Oxidative destruction, etc. Therefore, when the anti-stress feed additive is used for reducing the action of the stressors, the anti-stress feed additive is difficult to comprehensively reduce the stress effect of various stressors, and has the defects of excessive abuse of hormones or antibiotics, excessive trace elements, large side effect or long action time and slow drug effect.
Patent CN102172265B discloses a feed additive for improving the anti-stress capability and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3-0.5 part of L-carnitine, 10-20 parts of betaine, 10-15 parts of electrolyte, 1-3 parts of selenium preparation, 2-5 parts of iron preparation, 3-5 parts of magnesium preparation, 0.5-1 part of chromium preparation, 1-2 parts of compound vitamin, 5-10 parts of compound amino acid, 1-5 parts of tea polyphenol, 5-10 parts of radix isatidis and 20-61.2 parts of carrier; the feed additive has the advantages of no toxic or side effect, benefiting the health of animals and human beings and relieving the stress of animals, but has the defects of long action time, slow drug effect and capability of only relieving heat stress reaction.
Patent CN105831442B discloses an anti-stress and growth-promoting compound feed additive for pigs, which is prepared from raw materials of gamma-aminobutyric acid, tauro ursodesoxycholic acid, resveratrol, plectranthus, pyrola, scouring rush, chaenomeles speciosa nakai, cynanchum glaucescens, Chinese mahonia leaves, szechwan chinaberry fruit, patrinia heterophylla, lycopodium amansii, pachyrhizua angulatus, loosestrife, bacillus licheniformis freeze-dried powder, clostridium butyricum freeze-dried powder and a carrier, wherein the carrier is a mixture of corn flour and soybean meal; the compound feed additive can obviously improve the growth and production performance of pigs, improve the nutrition and health of the pigs under various stress states, reduce the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the pigs, reduce the feed conversion rate, but has the defects of long action time, slow drug effect and incapability of playing a comprehensive stress effect on various stress sources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs and the preparation method thereof, the prepared feed additive can play a comprehensive stress prevention effect on various stress sources, and can solve the problems of excessive abuse of hormones or antibiotics, excessive trace elements, large side effect, long action time and slow drug effect in the feed additive.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with nano-gelatin, 7-10 parts of mixed powder, 2-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide and 0.5-1 part of lauric acid monoglyceride.
The preparation method of the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the steps of uniformly spraying the nano-gelatin solution on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, then placing the traditional Chinese medicine powder into a vacuum freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying, vacuumizing the vacuum freeze dryer to 60-80Pa, reducing the temperature of the vacuum freeze dryer to-20 ℃ to-10 ℃, controlling the cooling speed to be 0.6-1 ℃/min, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-20 ℃ to-10 ℃ for 0.5-1h, slowly heating, controlling the heating speed to be 0.8-1.2 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 50-55 ℃, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment at 50-55 ℃ for 3.5-4h to obtain the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nanometer glue solution to the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 1: 3-4.
The nanometer glue solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of deionized water, 4-6 parts of nano xanthan gum, 3-4 parts of pregelatinized starch, 2-4 parts of gelatin, 2-3 parts of folic acid, 2-3 parts of vitamin E raw powder and 1-2 parts of vitamin C raw powder.
The particle size of the nano xanthan gum is 300-400 nm.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the steps of respectively cleaning semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds, adding the cleaned semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds into deionized water, heating the mixture to 45-50 ℃, standing the mixture for 30-40min, then adding citric acid and calcium formate, uniformly mixing the mixture, performing microwave extraction, and filtering the mixture by using a filter to obtain filtrate after the microwave extraction is finished; and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, and performing microwave vacuum spray drying on the concentrated solution to obtain Chinese medicinal powder.
The power of the microwave extraction is 600-800W, the temperature of the microwave extraction is 70-80 ℃, and the time of the microwave extraction is 30-40 min.
Wherein the mass ratio of the plantain seeds, the hawthorn, the sesame leaves, the folium artemisiae argyi, the origanum vulgaris leaves, the grape pomace, the white paeony roots, the spina date seeds, the deionized water, the citric acid and the calcium formate is 3-5:2-3:5-7:3-6:1-2:4-7:1-2:0.5-1:50-55:2-3: 1-3.
The filtering aperture of the filter is 20-30 mu m.
The temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 60-70 deg.C, the pressure is 0.07-0.08MPa, and the time is 40-50 min.
The vacuum degree of the microwave vacuum spray drying is 120Pa, the air inlet temperature is 100-110 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the microwave power is 1000-1200W.
The preparation method of the mixed powder comprises the steps of placing the primarily mixed powder in plasma equipment, introducing argon into the plasma equipment, controlling the gas flow rate of the argon to be 3-4L/min, controlling the power of the plasma equipment to be 40-50W, controlling the discharge voltage to be 3-4kV, controlling the discharge frequency to be 3.5-4.5kHz, and treating for 4-6min to obtain the mixed powder.
The preparation method of the primary mixed powder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and crushing to 140 meshes to obtain the primary mixed powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the sodium humate, the dunaliella salina polysaccharide, the modified choline chloride, the betaine, the sodium sulfate and the ferrous sulfate is 3-5:4-7:2-3:3-5:1-2: 0.5-1.
The preparation method of the modified choline chloride comprises the steps of adding choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is controlled to be 10-15: 1, the rotating speed is 250-350rpm, the ball milling temperature is 35-45 ℃, the ball milling time is 40-50min, and the modified choline chloride is obtained after the ball milling.
Wherein the mass ratio of choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide is 18-22:2-3:1-2: 3-5.
A preparation method of a feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the steps of adding traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with nano-gel, mixed powder, soybean lecithin, zinc oxide and lauric acid monoglyceride into a stirring tank for stirring, obtaining a primary feed additive after stirring is finished, drying the primary feed additive, and obtaining the feed additive for relieving pig stress after drying is finished.
The stirring speed is 300-400rpm, and the stirring time is 20-30 min.
The drying temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the drying time is 3-4 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method of the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs can avoid the problems of excessive trace elements and large side effect caused by abuse of hormones or antibiotics;
(2) after the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs is fed to fattening pigs for 30 days at 25 ℃, the diarrhea rate is 0, the feed-meat ratio is 2.01-2.06, and the eye muscle area is 43.8-44.5cm2Intramuscular fat of 2.27-2.36%, drip loss of 1.64-1.69%, serum calcium of 2.34-2.45mmol/L, serum phosphorus of 7.05-7.13mmol/L, serum magnesium of 0.88-0.91mmol/L, blood sugar of 4.64-4.72mmol/L, and cortisol of 85.1-86.2 mmol/L;
(3) the prepared feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs can improve the heat stress resistance of the fattening pigs, and after the fattening pigs are fed at 35 ℃ for 30 days, the diarrhea rate is 0, and the feed-meat ratio is 2.02-2.06;
(4) the prepared feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs can improve the cold stress resistance of the fattening pigs, and after the fattening pigs are fed for 30 days at 5 ℃, the diarrhea rate is 0-5%, and the feed-meat ratio is 2.05-2.12;
(5) the prepared feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs can improve the anti-oxidation stress capability of piglets, and after the weaned piglets are fed for 30 days at 25 ℃, the diarrhea rate is 0-5 percent, and the feed-meat ratio is 1.42-1.47;
(6) the feed additive for relieving the pig stress can improve the transport stress resistance of fattening pigs, each pig is transported by a truck for 3 hours every day at the speed of 70km/h, the diarrhea rate is 0-10% after 30 days of continuous transportation, and the feed conversion ratio is 2.03-2.08.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
Example 1
The feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with nano-gelatin, 7 parts of mixed powder, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of zinc oxide and 0.5 part of lauric acid monoglyceride.
The preparation method of the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the nanometer glue solution on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, then placing the traditional Chinese medicine powder in a vacuum freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying, vacuumizing the vacuum freeze dryer to 60Pa, reducing the temperature of the vacuum freeze dryer to-20 ℃, controlling the cooling speed to be 0.6 ℃/min, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-20 ℃ for 0.5h, then slowly heating, controlling the heating speed to be 0.8 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment at 50 ℃ for 3.5h to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nanometer glue solution.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nanometer glue solution to the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 1:3.
The nanometer glue solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of deionized water, 4 parts of nano xanthan gum, 3 parts of pregelatinized starch, 2 parts of gelatin, 2 parts of folic acid, 2 parts of vitamin E raw powder and 1 part of vitamin C raw powder.
The particle size of the nano xanthan gum is 300 nm.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: respectively cleaning semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds, adding the cleaned semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds into deionized water, heating the mixture to 45 ℃, standing the mixture for 30min, adding the mixture into a microwave digestion device to perform microwave extraction, controlling the power of the microwave digestion device to be 600W, controlling the microwave extraction temperature to be 70 ℃, performing microwave extraction for 30min, and filtering the mixture by using a filter to obtain a filtrate after the extraction is finished; and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, and performing microwave vacuum spray drying on the concentrated solution to obtain Chinese medicinal powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the semen plantaginis to the hawthorn to the sesame leaves to the folium artemisiae argyi to the oregano leaves to the grape pomace to the white paeony root to the spina date seed to the deionized water to the citric acid to the calcium formate is 3:2:5:3:1:4:1:0.5:50:2: 1.
The filtering aperture of the filter is 20 mu m.
The temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 60 ℃, the pressure is 0.07MPa, and the time is 40 min.
The vacuum degree of the microwave vacuum spray drying is 100Pa, the air inlet temperature is 100 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50 ℃, and the microwave power is 1000W.
The preparation method of the mixed powder comprises the steps of placing the primarily mixed powder in plasma equipment, introducing argon into the plasma equipment, controlling the gas flow rate of the argon to be 3L/min, controlling the power of the plasma equipment to be 40W, controlling the discharge voltage to be 3kV, controlling the discharge frequency to be 3.5kHz, and treating for 4min to obtain the mixed powder.
The preparation method of the primary mixed powder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and then crushing to 100 meshes to obtain the primary mixed powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the sodium humate, the dunaliella salina polysaccharide, the modified choline chloride, the betaine, the sodium sulfate and the ferrous sulfate is 3:4:2:3:1: 0.5.
The preparation method of the modified choline chloride specifically comprises the following steps: adding choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is controlled to be 10: 1, the rotating speed is 250rpm, the ball milling temperature is 35 ℃, the ball milling time is 40min, and the modified choline chloride is obtained after the ball milling.
Wherein the mass ratio of choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide is 18:2:1: 3.
A preparation method of a feed additive for relieving pig stress specifically comprises the following steps: adding the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nano-gel, the mixed powder, the soybean lecithin, the zinc oxide and the lauric acid monoglyceride into a stirring tank, stirring at the stirring speed of 300rpm for 20min to obtain a primary feed additive, and drying the primary feed additive at 35 ℃ for 3h to obtain the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs.
Example 2
The feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated by nano-gelatin, 8 parts of mixed powder, 2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 2 parts of zinc oxide and 0.7 part of lauric acid monoglyceride.
The preparation method of the nanometer gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the nanometer glue solution on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, then placing the traditional Chinese medicine powder in a vacuum freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying, vacuumizing the vacuum freeze dryer to 70Pa, reducing the temperature of the vacuum freeze dryer to-15 ℃, controlling the cooling speed to be 0.8 ℃/min, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-15 ℃ for 0.7h, then slowly heating, controlling the heating speed to be 1 ℃/min, heating the temperature to 52 ℃, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment at 52 ℃ for 3.7h to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nanometer glue solution.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nanometer glue solution to the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 1: 3.5.
The nanometer glue solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of deionized water, 5 parts of nano xanthan gum, 3.5 parts of pregelatinized starch, 3 parts of gelatin, 2.5 parts of folic acid, 2.5 parts of raw vitamin E powder and 1.5 parts of raw vitamin C powder.
The particle size of the nano xanthan gum is 350 nm.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: respectively cleaning semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds, adding the cleaned semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds into deionized water, heating the mixture to 47 ℃, standing the mixture for 35min, adding the mixture into a microwave digestion device to perform microwave extraction, controlling the power of the microwave digestion device to be 700W, controlling the microwave extraction temperature to be 75 ℃, performing microwave extraction for 35min, and filtering the mixture by using a filter to obtain a filtrate after the extraction is finished; concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, and performing microwave vacuum spray drying on the concentrated solution to obtain Chinese medicinal powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the semen plantaginis, the hawthorn, the sesame leaves, the folium artemisiae argyi, the origanum vulgaris leaves, the grape pomace, the white paeony root, the spina date seed, the deionized water, the citric acid and the calcium formate is 4:2.5:6:5:1.5: 0.7:52:2.5: 2.
The filtering aperture of the filter is 25 mu m.
The temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 65 ℃, the pressure is 0.07MPa, and the time is 45 min.
The vacuum degree of the microwave vacuum spray drying is 110Pa, the air inlet temperature is 105 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 55 ℃, and the microwave power is 1100W.
The preparation method of the mixed powder comprises the following steps: placing the primarily mixed powder in plasma equipment, introducing argon into the plasma equipment, controlling the gas flow rate of the argon to be 3.5L/min, controlling the power of the plasma equipment to be 45W, controlling the discharge voltage to be 3.5kV, controlling the discharge frequency to be 4kHz, and treating for 5min to obtain the mixed powder.
The preparation method of the primary mixed powder comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and then crushing to 120 meshes to obtain primary mixed powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the sodium humate, the dunaliella salina polysaccharide, the modified choline chloride, the betaine, the sodium sulfate and the ferrous sulfate is 4:5:2.5:4:1.5: 0.7.
The preparation method of the modified choline chloride specifically comprises the following steps: adding choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is controlled to be 12: 1, the rotating speed is 300rpm, the ball milling temperature is 40 ℃, the ball milling time is 45min, and the modified choline chloride is obtained after the ball milling.
Wherein the mass ratio of choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide is 20:2.5:1.5: 4.
A preparation method of a feed additive for relieving pig stress specifically comprises the following steps: adding the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nano-gel, the mixed powder, the soybean lecithin, the zinc oxide and the lauric acid monoglyceride into a stirring tank, stirring at 350rpm for 25min to obtain a primary feed additive, and drying the primary feed additive at 40 ℃ for 3.5h to obtain the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs.
Example 3
The feed additive for relieving pig stress comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated by nano-gelatin, 10 parts of mixed powder, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 3 parts of zinc oxide and 1 part of lauric acid monoglyceride.
The preparation method of the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the nanometer glue solution on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, then placing the traditional Chinese medicine powder in a vacuum freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying, vacuumizing the vacuum freeze dryer to 80Pa, reducing the temperature of the vacuum freeze dryer to-10 ℃, controlling the cooling speed to be 1 ℃/min, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-10 ℃ for 1h, slowly heating, controlling the heating speed to be 1.2 ℃/min, heating to 55 ℃, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment at 55 ℃ for 4h to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nanometer glue.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nanometer glue solution to the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 1: 4.
The nanometer glue solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of deionized water, 6 parts of nano xanthan gum, 4 parts of pregelatinized starch, 4 parts of gelatin, 3 parts of folic acid, 3 parts of vitamin E raw powder and 2 parts of vitamin C raw powder.
The particle size of the nano xanthan gum is 400 nm.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: respectively cleaning semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds, adding the cleaned semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds into deionized water, heating the mixture to 50 ℃, standing the mixture for 40min, adding the mixture into a microwave digestion device to perform microwave extraction, controlling the power of the microwave digestion device to be 800W, controlling the microwave extraction temperature to be 80 ℃, performing microwave extraction for 40min, and filtering the mixture by using a filter to obtain a filtrate after the extraction is finished; concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, and performing microwave vacuum spray drying on the concentrated solution to obtain Chinese medicinal powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the semen plantaginis, the hawthorn, the sesame leaves, the folium artemisiae argyi, the origanum vulgaris leaves, the grape pomace, the white paeony root, the spina date seed, the deionized water, the citric acid and the calcium formate is 5:3:7:6:2:7:2:1:55:3: 3.
The filtering aperture of the filter is 30 mu m.
The temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 70 ℃, the pressure is 0.08MPa, and the time is 50 min.
The vacuum degree of the microwave vacuum spray drying is 120Pa, the air inlet temperature is 110 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃, and the microwave power is 1200W.
The preparation method of the mixed powder comprises the following steps: placing the primarily mixed powder in plasma equipment, introducing argon into the plasma equipment, controlling the gas flow rate of the argon to be 4L/min, controlling the power of the plasma equipment to be 50W, controlling the discharge voltage to be 4kV, controlling the discharge frequency to be 4.5kHz, and treating for 6min to obtain the mixed powder.
The preparation method of the primary mixed powder comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and then crushing to 140 meshes to obtain primary mixed powder.
Wherein the mass ratio of the sodium humate, the dunaliella salina polysaccharide, the modified choline chloride, the betaine, the sodium sulfate and the ferrous sulfate is 5:7:3:5:2: 1.
The preparation method of the modified choline chloride specifically comprises the following steps: adding choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is controlled to be 15: 1, the rotating speed is 350rpm, the ball milling temperature is 45 ℃, the ball milling time is 50min, and the modified choline chloride is obtained after the ball milling.
Wherein the mass ratio of choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide is 22:3:2: 5.
A preparation method of a feed additive for relieving pig stress specifically comprises the following steps: adding the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nano-gel, the mixed powder, the soybean lecithin, the zinc oxide and the lauric acid monoglyceride into a stirring tank, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm for 30min to obtain a primary feed additive, and drying the primary feed additive at 45 ℃ for 4h to obtain the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs.
Comparative example 1
The composition and preparation method of the feed additive for relieving pig stress described in example 1 are adopted, and the differences are that: the Chinese medicinal powder is used for replacing the Chinese medicinal powder coated by the nano-gel, namely the Chinese medicinal powder is not coated by the nano-gel.
Comparative example 2
The composition and preparation method of the feed additive for relieving pig stress described in example 1 are adopted, and the differences are that: choline chloride was used in place of modified choline chloride in the preparation of the initial mix.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the feed additive for relieving pig stress as described in example 1 is adopted, and the differences are that: the mixed powder is replaced by the primary mixed powder in the preparation of the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the feed additive for relieving pig stress as described in example 1 is adopted, and the differences are that: the addition of zinc oxide and lauric acid monoglyceride is omitted in the preparation of the feed additive for relieving pig stress.
Example 4
The feeding effects of the feed additives for alleviating stress of pigs prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested, and the test methods and results were as follows:
selecting 150 healthy fattening pigs of 150 days old for 140, numbering each pig, weighing, dividing each pig into 7 groups, wherein each group is divided into 20 pigs, and each group is numbered and marked as 1 st to 7 th groups;
the feed additives for relieving the stress of the pigs, prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, are respectively added into corn-soybean meal type basic ration for fattening pigs according to the weight percentage of 0.2%, and then each group is respectively fed, and the feeding corresponding relationship is as follows:
the growth environmental conditions of all groups of pigs are consistent, the temperature of a piggery is kept at 25 ℃, the relative humidity is kept at 70%, the pigs are fed in a high bed, are taken freely, are drunk freely, are cleared of dung twice a day, the interior of the piggery is kept clean, and the mental state and the diarrhea number of each group of fattening pigs are monitored and recorded at any time. And weighing each pig after 30 days, calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each pig, and calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each group.
Then, 5 pigs were slaughtered randomly for each group, eye muscle area, intramuscular fat, drip loss, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood magnesium, blood sugar, and cortisol in blood were measured, and the average value for each group was calculated.
Example 5
The anti-heat stress ability of the feed additives for alleviating pig stress prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was tested, and the test method and results were as follows:
selecting 150 healthy fattening pigs of 150 days old for 140, numbering each pig, weighing, dividing each pig into 7 groups, wherein each group is divided into 20 pigs, and each group is numbered and marked as 1 st to 7 th groups;
the feed additives for relieving the stress of the pigs, prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, are respectively added into corn-soybean meal type basic ration for fattening pigs according to the weight percentage of 0.2%, and then each group is respectively fed, and the feeding corresponding relationship is as follows:
the growth environmental conditions of all groups of pigs are consistent, the temperature of a piggery is kept at 35 ℃, the relative humidity is kept at 70%, the pigs are fed in a high bed, are taken freely, are drunk freely, are cleared of dung twice a day, the interior of the piggery is kept clean, and the mental state and the diarrhea number of each group of fattening pigs are monitored and recorded at any time. And weighing each pig after 30 days, calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each pig, and calculating the average value of the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each group.
Example 6
The feed additives for alleviating stress of pigs prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested for their cold stress resistance, and the test methods and results were as follows:
selecting 150 healthy fattening pigs of 150 days old for 140, numbering each pig, weighing, dividing each pig into 7 groups, wherein each group is divided into 20 pigs, and each group is numbered and marked as 1 st to 7 th groups;
the feed additives for relieving the stress of the pigs, prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, are respectively added into corn-soybean meal type basic ration for fattening pigs according to the weight percentage of 0.2%, and then each group is respectively fed, and the feeding corresponding relationship is as follows:
the growth environmental conditions of all groups of pigs are consistent, the temperature of a piggery is kept to be 5 ℃, the relative humidity is kept to be 70%, the pigs are fed in a high bed, are taken freely, are drunk freely, are cleared of dung twice every day, the inner of the piggery is kept clean, and the mental state and the diarrhea number of each group of fattening pigs are monitored and recorded at any time. And weighing each pig after 30 days, calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each pig, and calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each group.
Example 7
The anti-oxidative stress ability of the feed additives for alleviating stress of pigs prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was tested, and the test method and results were as follows:
selecting 25-day-old non-weaned healthy piglets for 140 heads, numbering each head, weighing, dividing into 7 groups, each group having 20 heads, and labeling each group as groups 1-7;
the feed additives for relieving the stress of the pigs, prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, are respectively added into corn-soybean meal type basic ration for fattening pigs according to the weight percentage of 0.2%, and then each group is respectively fed, and the feeding corresponding relationship is as follows:
weaning piglets from day 1 of feeding, ensuring the growth environmental conditions of all groups of piglets to be consistent, keeping the temperature of a pigsty at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%, feeding in a high bed, freely feeding, freely drinking water, cleaning dung twice every day, keeping the pigsty clean, and monitoring and recording the mental state and the diarrhea number of each group of piglets at any time. And weighing each piglet after 30 days, calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each piglet, and calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each group.
Example 8
The anti-transport stress ability of the feed additives for alleviating stress of pigs prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was tested, and the test method and results were as follows:
selecting 150 healthy fattening pigs of 150 days old for 140, numbering each pig, weighing, dividing each pig into 7 groups, wherein each group is divided into 20 pigs, and each group is numbered and marked as 1 st to 7 th groups;
the feed additives for relieving the stress of the pigs, prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, are respectively added into corn-soybean meal type basic ration for fattening pigs according to the weight percentage of 0.2%, and then each group is respectively fed, and the feeding corresponding relationship is as follows:
transporting each pig for 3 hours by using a truck from 9 am to 12 am of the feeding day 1, wherein the speed is 70km/h, ensuring the growth environmental conditions of all groups of pigs to be consistent, keeping the temperature of the piggery at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%, feeding the pigs on a high bed, freely taking food, freely drinking water, cleaning dung twice a day, keeping the piggery clean, and monitoring and recording the mental state and the number of diarrhea heads of each group of fattening pigs at any time. And weighing each pig after 30 days, calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each pig, and calculating the average daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of each group.
All percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with nano-gelatin, 7-10 parts of mixed powder, 2-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide and 0.5-1 part of lauric acid monoglyceride;
the preparation method of the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the steps of uniformly spraying a nano-gelatin solution on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, then placing the traditional Chinese medicine powder into a vacuum freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying, vacuumizing the vacuum freeze dryer to 60-80Pa, reducing the temperature of the vacuum freeze dryer to-20 ℃ to-10 ℃, controlling the cooling speed to be 0.6-1 ℃/min, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-20 ℃ to-10 ℃ for 0.5-1h, slowly heating, controlling the heating speed to be 0.8-1.2 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 50-55 ℃, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment at 50-55 ℃ for 3.5-4h to obtain the nano-gelatin coated traditional Chinese medicine powder;
the mass ratio of the nano glue solution to the Chinese medicinal powder in the preparation of the nano glue coated Chinese medicinal powder is 1: 3-4;
the nanometer glue solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of deionized water, 4-6 parts of nano xanthan gum, 3-4 parts of pregelatinized starch, 2-4 parts of gelatin, 2-3 parts of folic acid, 2-3 parts of vitamin E raw powder and 1-2 parts of vitamin C raw powder;
the particle size of the nano xanthan gum is 300-400 nm;
the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the steps of respectively cleaning semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds, adding the cleaned semen plantaginis, hawthorn, sesame leaves, folium artemisiae argyi, oregano leaves, grape pomace, radix paeoniae alba and spina date seeds into deionized water, heating the mixture to 45-50 ℃, standing the mixture for 30-40min, then adding citric acid and calcium formate, uniformly mixing the mixture, performing microwave extraction, and filtering the mixture by using a filter to obtain filtrate after the microwave extraction is finished; concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, and performing microwave vacuum spray drying on the concentrated solution to obtain Chinese medicinal powder;
the preparation method of the mixed powder comprises the steps of placing the primarily mixed powder in plasma equipment, introducing argon into the plasma equipment, controlling the gas flow rate of the argon to be 3-4L/min, controlling the power of the plasma equipment to be 40-50W, controlling the discharge voltage to be 3-4kV, controlling the discharge frequency to be 3.5-4.5kHz, and treating for 4-6min to obtain the mixed powder;
the preparation method of the primary mixed powder comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and then crushing to 140 meshes to obtain primary mixed powder;
in the preparation of the primary mixed powder, the mass ratio of sodium humate, dunaliella salina polysaccharide, modified choline chloride, betaine, sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate is 3-5:4-7:2-3:3-5:1-2: 0.5-1;
the preparation method of the modified choline chloride comprises the steps of adding choline chloride, tributyrin, sorbitan laurate and mannan oligosaccharide into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is controlled to be 10-15: 1, the rotation speed is 250-350rpm, the ball milling temperature is 35-45 ℃, the ball milling time is 40-50min, and the modified choline chloride is obtained after the ball milling is finished;
in the preparation of the modified choline chloride, the mass ratio of the choline chloride to the tributyrin to the sorbitan laurate to the mannan oligosaccharide is 18-22:2-3:1-2: 3-5.
2. The feed additive for relieving pig stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of microwave extraction in the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 600-800W, the temperature of microwave extraction is 70-80 ℃, and the time of microwave extraction is 30-40 min.
3. The feed additive for relieving pig stress according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the plantain seed, the hawthorn, the sesame leaf, the folium artemisiae argyi, the oregano leaf, the grape residue, the radix paeoniae alba, the spina date seed, the deionized water, the citric acid and the calcium formate in the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 3-5:2-3:5-7:3-6:1-2:4-7:1-2:0.5-1:50-55:2-3: 1-3.
4. The pig stress relieving feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the filter pore size of the filter in the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 20-30 μm.
5. The feed additive for relieving pig stress according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration in the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 60-70 ℃, the pressure is 0.07-0.08MPa, and the time is 40-50 min.
6. The feed additive for relieving pig stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the microwave vacuum spray drying in the preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 100-120Pa, the air inlet temperature is 100-110 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the microwave power is 1000-1200W.
7. The preparation method of the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder coated with the nano-gel, the mixed powder, the soybean lecithin, the zinc oxide and the glycerol monolaurate are added into a stirring tank to be stirred, a primary feed additive is obtained after stirring is finished, the primary feed additive is dried, and the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs is obtained after drying is finished.
8. The method for preparing the feed additive for relieving pig stress as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stirring speed is 300-400rpm, and the stirring time is 20-30 min.
9. The method for preparing the feed additive for relieving the stress of the pigs according to claim 7, wherein the drying temperature is 35-45 ℃ and the drying time is 3-4 h.
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| CN115644321B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-03 | 潍坊天普阳光饲料科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and treating pig diarrhea and preparation method thereof |
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