CN114376093A

CN114376093A - Bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114376093A
Application number: CN202210250702.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭忠贵; 王伟; 李婉; 李建涛
Original assignee: Beijing Jiuzhou Dadi Biological Technology Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Jiuzhou Dadi Biological Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-15
Filing date: 2022-03-15
Publication date: 2022-04-22

Abstract

The application relates to the field of fermented feed, and particularly discloses a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows and a preparation method thereof. The bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for the sows comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of compound vitamin, 5-9 parts of compound trace element, 8-12 parts of compound amino acid, 0.02-0.06 part of compound enzyme, 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of nano selenium, 1-5 parts of vegetable fat, 12-20 parts of fermented feed additive and 10-15 parts of plasma protein powder; the compound enzyme agent comprises catalase and glucose oxidase with the mass ratio of 0.5-1: 1; the composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and yeast in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-1: 0.1-1. The bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed has the advantages of increasing the lactation yield of sows, reducing the diarrhea rate of piglets, prolonging the quality guarantee period of the feed and having good palatability.

Description

Bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of fermented feed, in particular to a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In a modern pig breeding mode, sow feeding is an indispensable link and is an important part of economic benefits of a pig farm. Maintaining the optimal physical condition of the sow and improving the welfare of animals are the prerequisite that the sow can reach the enough production level.

The nutrition level of a lactating sow not only directly affects the lactation ability of the sow but also directly affects the growth and development of piglets, but also affects the reproductive performance of the next fetus of the sow. The disease is a main factor influencing the reproductive performance of the sow, the lactation period of the sow is a high incidence period of mastitis, the inflammation is caused by a plurality of reasons, pathogenic infection, improper nutrition regulation, improper management and the like can cause mastitis of the sow, the condition of postpartum insufficient milk is further caused, meanwhile, the pain feeling generated by the breast of the sow can also cause the phenomenon that the sow refuses feeding when the piglet sucks the milk, the serious mastitis can cause the sow to flow out juice with stinky pus, the phenomenon of diarrhea is caused after the piglet sucks the abnormal milk, and the growth of the piglet is further influenced.

Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor finds that the development of the feed capable of promoting the milk secretion of sows and reducing the diarrhea rate of piglets is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the autoimmunity and lactation yield of sows in the lactation period and reduce the diarrhea rate of offspring piglets, the application provides the bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for the sows and the preparation method thereof.

In a first aspect, the application provides a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows, and adopts the following technical scheme:

a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of compound vitamin, 5-9 parts of compound trace element, 8-12 parts of compound amino acid, 0.02-0.06 part of compound enzyme, 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of nano selenium, 1-5 parts of vegetable fat, 12-20 parts of fermented feed additive and 10-15 parts of plasma protein powder;

the compound enzyme agent comprises catalase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 0.5-1: 1;

the composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and yeast in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-1: 0.1-1.

By adopting the technical scheme, the soybean meal, the bran and other components are used as synergistic fermentation raw materials, the soybean meal contains protein, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide and cellulose, and the soybean meal is fermented by lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and saccharomycetes, so that the soybean protein can be degraded into a small peptide protein source, active substances such as probiotics, oligopeptides, lactic acid and the like are generated, the intestinal tissue structure can be maintained, and the immune function can be promoted; the bran is rich in carbohydrate, dietary fiber and mineral substances, but the crude fiber and the anti-nutritional factor are high in content, so that the composite enzyme agent and the composite microbial inoculum are adopted for fermentation, the fiber architecture of the bran is improved, the anti-nutritional factor content is reduced, the protein and amino acid content is increased, and the lactation yield of the lactating sows is increased; the nano selenium is easy to absorb and stays in the body, can be effectively deposited in breast milk and transferred to piglets, improves the storage amount of the selenium in the blood and the tissues of the piglets, promotes the piglets to grow quickly, can also reduce the diarrhea rate of the piglets and improves the survival rate of the piglets; the plasma protein powder contains rich protein, has high content of essential amino acid and balanced proportion, can provide more digestible animal protein for the sows, improves the oxidation resistance of the sows, increases the milk yield, improves the feed intake and the growth speed, and improves the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances and the utilization rate of feed; the vegetable oil can improve palatability of the feed, increase feed intake, and improve butter-fat rate.

Catalase and glucose oxidase are used as a complex enzyme according to a certain proportion, and the glucose oxidase can improve intestinal tissues and microbial flora in the intestinal tract, improve the immunity of the sow organism, increase the average daily feed intake in the lactation period, improve the intestinal form of piglets, improve the immunity of the piglets and improve the growth performance; the feed containing the glucose oxidase is fed, so that the diarrhea rate of piglets can be reduced, the self resistance of the piglets is improved, and the piglets are more easily recovered from diarrhea disease states to health states; the catalase can improve the immunity of piglets, improve the total antioxidant capacity of sow plasma, reduce the lipid peroxidation degree of sows, improve the capacity of resisting oxidative damage, promote the endogenous synthesis of arginine, improve the litter size and birth weight of sows and enhance the fertility of sows.

The lactobacillus plantarum, the enterococcus faecalis and the yeast are used as composite microbial agents, the lactobacillus plantarum is matched with the yeast and the enterococcus faecalis to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and adjust the composition of intestinal microecology to form a biological barrier, meanwhile, the balance of intestinal microbial flora is improved and adjusted and the immunity of organisms is enhanced through the action of organic acid, bacteriocin and the like generated by metabolism of the lactobacillus plantarum on other bacteria, and the mildew-proof effect of the feed is better under the fermentation of the three microbial agents.

Preferably, the fermented feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of shell, 1-3 parts of pomace, 1-4 parts of fish skin, 0.3-1.1 parts of bacterial powder, 0.1-0.8 part of enzyme preparation and 5-15 parts of water.

By adopting the technical scheme, the fish skin, the shells and the pomace are taken as fermentation raw materials, the fish skin contains rich collagen and is leftovers of aquatic product processing, the fish skin is taken as a main raw material, collagen polypeptide is produced after synergistic fermentation of a plurality of bacteria, the relative molecular weight is smaller, the collagen polypeptide is easier to degrade and easier to absorb and utilize than complete free amino acid by small intestines, and after being eaten by lactating sows, the collagen polypeptide can generate blood and tonify qi, improve the immunity of the organism and strengthen bones; the shell contains polymeric substances such as polysaccharide, protein and the like, also contains about 30 mineral active elements such as calcium, cobalt, magnesium and the like, and also contains more than 10 amino acids, polypeptides, collagen and the like, can promote the blood circulation of sows, improve the milk yield, and pomace is leftovers of fruit processing, wherein the pomace has high sugar content and water content and is easy to go bad and go moldy.

Preferably, the bacterium powder is pediococcus acidilactici, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus casei in a mass ratio of 3-5:15-20: 10-20;

the enzyme preparation comprises bromelain, cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 4-6:1-2: 1-2.

By adopting the technical scheme, cellulose and pectin in pomace can be decomposed by cellulase and pectinase, protein in fish skin can be hydrolyzed by bromelain, pediococcus acidilactici is one of lactic acid bacteria, is beneficial bacteria, has strong fermentation acid production capacity, improves the flavor of products, gives special fragrance to the products, can also produce polypeptide antibacterial substances, can well inhibit the growth of putrefying bacteria by adding lactic acid generated in the metabolic process, is safe to use, and can not generate unique flavor of saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus casei.

Preferably, the fermented feed additive is prepared by the following method: cleaning and crushing shells, adding a citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 15-20%, uniformly stirring, performing microwave irradiation for 5-8min at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ under the microwave power of 550-600W, cooling, washing with distilled water to be neutral, and drying, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the shells to the citric acid is 1: 7-8;

removing fish scales from fish skin, cleaning, mincing, mixing with fruit residue, bacterial powder, enzyme preparation, water and microwave-treated shell, and sealing and fermenting at 30-50 deg.C for 20-25 hr.

By adopting the technical scheme, the citric acid contains 1 hydroxyl group and a plurality of carboxyl functional groups, when the citric acid is heated, the citric acid is dehydrated in molecules to generate acid anhydride, the citric acid anhydride and the hydroxyl groups on the shells are subjected to esterification reaction and further heated, the molecules are continuously dehydrated, the generated acid anhydride and the hydroxyl groups on the shell powder are further reacted to generate citric acid diester shells, and the adhesion of the shells is improved, so that the shells are tightly adhered to fish skins, fruit residues and the like, microorganisms can be conveniently fermented on the fish skins and the fruit residues, the fermentation is accelerated, and the fermentation period is shortened; in addition, after the surface of the shell is subjected to microwave irradiation, a pore structure is generated, the specific surface area is increased, and the adsorption capacity of the shell powder is improved, so that the shell powder can adsorb and gather microorganisms, the density of the microorganisms is increased, and meanwhile, the growth environment of the microorganisms is kept, so that the microorganisms can better degrade organic matters, the consumption of volatile acid is accelerated, the fermentation rate is improved, finally, the shell contains abundant calcium carbonate which is a key component for the growth of certain bacteria, and is also important for the formation of microorganism gathering, so that the shell can also maintain the pH value of a fermentation system to be neutral or weakly alkaline, maintain a stable fermentation environment, and promote the fermentation.

Preferably, the nano-selenium is prepared by mixing resveratrol and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 2-4:1 at room temperature for 20-30min and then centrifuging.

By adopting the technical scheme, the resveratrol is modified on the surface of the nano-selenium because the nano-selenium has higher specific surface energy, is easy to agglomerate and has unstable physicochemical properties, so that the resveratrol nano-selenium which has uniform particles, small granularity and stable properties and can be uniformly distributed in water is obtained.

Preferably, the nano selenium is pretreated by the following raw materials in parts by weight:

(1) cleaning and cutting 1-3 parts of dandelion, 1-3 parts of glabrous greenbrier rhizome and 2-4 parts of largehead atractylodes rhizome, extracting with water 5-10 times of the weight of the dandelion, the glabrous greenbrier rhizome and the largehead atractylodes rhizome, concentrating the water extract, uniformly mixing 2-4 parts of concentrate with 0.8-1.6 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 3-5% and 0.1-0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate, granulating, heating to 250 ℃ at 200 ℃ and preparing a carrier;

(2) dissolving 1-2 parts of nano selenium in 2-4 parts of water, adding the carrier prepared in the step (1), mixing for 20-30min under the pressure of- (0.1-0.3) MPa, and drying to prepare an intermediate;

(3) dispersing 3-5 parts of chitosan into 5-7 parts of acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-3%, adding 0.1-0.5 part of emulsifier and 3-5 parts of water, uniformly mixing to prepare a wall material solution, adding the intermediate prepared in the step (2), and performing spray drying.

By adopting the technical scheme, the nano-selenium has biological activity, is easy to lose activity at normal temperature and is converted into the simple substance selenium under the condition of no protective agent, and the simple substance selenium has higher toxicity, so the nano-selenium is very important to be protected, dandelion, rhizoma smilacis glabrae and bighead atractylodes rhizome are cleaned, are concentrated after being extracted with water, then are added with sodium alginate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, are mixed and heated, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate is decomposed at high temperature to generate carbon dioxide and calcium phosphate, the sodium alginate is natural linear polysaccharide consisting of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid, a sodium alginate solution can form a heat irreversible adhesive with a gel effect under the action of calcium ions, so the dandelion, the rhizoma smilacis glabrae and the bighead atractylodes rhizome are adhered to each other, and the carbon dioxide generated at high temperature can escape from the traditional Chinese medicine concentrate to form continuously communicated pore canals on the surface and inside the traditional Chinese medicine concentrate, then preparing a carrier with microchannels, dissolving resveratrol-modified nano-selenium in water, enabling the nano-selenium water solution to enter the microchannels of the carrier under negative pressure so as to complete load protection of the nano-selenium and prevent the nano-selenium from agglomerating, and finally coating a wall material solution formed by chitosan on an intermediate through spray drying to form a protection barrier so as to prevent the nano-selenium from losing activity at normal temperature; the dandelion, the glabrous greenbrier rhizome and the bighead atractylodes rhizome can clear away heat and toxic materials, reduce swelling and eliminate stagnation, promote lactation and improve the milk yield of lactating sows.

Preferably, the sodium alginate has a viscosity of 500-700 cps.

By adopting the technical scheme, the high-viscosity sodium alginate has longer molecular chains, and the intermolecular combination is tighter when the sodium alginate is crosslinked to form gel under the action of calcium ions, so that the gel strength is stronger.

Preferably, the plasma protein powder comprises chicken plasma protein powder and yucca extract in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1.

By adopting the technical scheme, the chicken plasma protein powder can improve the feed intake and the growth speed of sows, improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of nutrient substances, prevent the increase of the amount of protein-to-putrefactive substance caused by incomplete digestion of the chicken plasma protein powder and the higher ammonia concentration of a feeding place, and the steroid saponin in the yucca extract is difficult to pass through epithelial cells of a digestive tract due to the special chemical structure of the steroid saponin, but it has surface activity, can change the form of the epithelial cell membrane of the digestive tract, reduce the surface tension of the cell membrane, thereby promoting the absorption of the chicken plasma protein powder, reducing the generation of harmful gases such as ammonia gas, methane and the like in the sow organism by using the yucca extract, reducing the emission of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, reducing the concentration of the ammonia gas, improving the environment of a livestock house, inhibiting the proliferation of viruses and harmful bacteria, and preventing the chicken plasma protein powder from being polluted and deteriorated by the bacteria.

Preferably, the vegetable oil and fat is eucalyptus oil and linseed oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2.

By adopting the technical scheme, the eucalyptus oil has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and sterilizing, can inhibit staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and the like, can prevent the breasts of the sows from being inflamed during the lactation period, can increase the antibacterial property of the fermented feed, and can prolong the storage time; the linseed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acid, can inhibit inflammation, provides required polyunsaturated fatty acid for sows, reduces the level of free radicals in the body, and improves the body resistance of the sows.

In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows comprises the following steps:

mixing catalase and glucose oxidase according to the mass ratio of 0.5-1:1 to prepare a composite enzyme agent;

mixing lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and yeast according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1-1:0.1-1 to prepare a composite microbial inoculum;

uniformly mixing bean pulp, bran, composite trace elements, composite amino acids and composite vitamins to prepare a fermentation substrate, adding water according to the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the water of 1:0.5, adding a composite microbial inoculum and a composite enzyme agent while stirring, fermenting for 12-16h at 28-30 ℃, adding nano selenium, vegetable oil, a fermented feed additive and plasma protein powder, and uniformly mixing to prepare the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows.

By adopting the technical scheme, the soybean meal, the bran, the composite trace elements, the composite amino acids and the composite vitamins are used as fermentation substrates, the composite microbial inoculum and the composite enzyme agent are added, and after fermentation, the soybean meal and the bran are decomposed to generate small peptides which are convenient for absorption of individual sows.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the application, catalase and glucose oxidase are used as a composite enzyme agent, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and saccharomycetes are used as a composite microbial inoculum, soybean meal, bran and the like are used as synergistic fermentation raw materials, components such as nano selenium, plasma protein powder, vegetable fat and the like are added, as the bacteria and the enzymes are fermented in a synergistic mode, the palatability of a fermentation product is improved, the feed intake of sows is improved, and the nano selenium can improve the immunity and the milk secretion of the sows and can be deposited in breast milk, the growth speed of piglets is improved, and the selenium is used as a trace element for resisting oxygen free radicals, so that inflammation can be antagonized, the disease resistance of the sows is improved, the occurrence probability of mastitis of the sows is reduced, and the diarrhea rate of the piglets is reduced.

2. In the application, shells, fish skins and pomaces are preferably adopted for fungus enzyme synergistic fermentation, and as the shells contain polysaccharide, mineral active elements and the like, the fish skins contain rich collagen, and the pomaces contain rich sugar, the palatability of the feed can be improved and the milk yield of sows can be increased after fermentation.

3. In the application, dandelion, bighead atractylodes rhizome and rhizoma smilacis glabrae are preferably used, concentrated after being subjected to water extraction, granulated with sodium alginate and dicalcium phosphate and used as a carrier, after the temperature is raised, dicalcium phosphate is decomposed to generate carbon dioxide, so that a pore channel is formed on the carrier, generated calcium ions can react with sodium alginate to enable sodium alginate to form gel, the gel is bonded and coated on a traditional Chinese medicine concentrate, nano selenium is adsorbed in the pore channel of the carrier under negative pressure, and finally, chitosan is used for coating, the nano selenium is protected to prevent the nano selenium from losing activity at normal temperature, and meanwhile, after traditional Chinese medicines such as dandelion and the like enter a sow body, mastitis can be eliminated, lactation promotion and the milk yield of the sow is improved.

Detailed Description

Preparation examples 1 to 5 of fermented feed additive

Preparation example 1: (1) cleaning and crushing 1kg of shell, adding a citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 15%, uniformly stirring, performing microwave irradiation for 8min at the temperature of 25 ℃ and under the microwave power of 550W, cooling, washing with distilled water to be neutral, and drying, wherein the material-to-liquid ratio of the shell to the citric acid is 1: 7;

(2) removing fish scales from 1kg of fish skin, cleaning, chopping, mixing with 1kg of fruit residues, 0.3kg of bacteria powder, 0.1kg of enzyme preparation, 5kg of water and shells treated by microwaves, sealing and fermenting for 25h at 30 ℃, wherein the bacteria powder comprises pediococcus acidilactici, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus casei in a mass ratio of 3:15:10, and the enzyme preparation comprises bromelain, cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 4:1: 1.

Preparation example 2: (1) cleaning and crushing 4kg of shell, adding a citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 20%, uniformly stirring, performing microwave irradiation for 5min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and under the microwave power of 600W, cooling, washing with distilled water to be neutral, and drying, wherein the material-to-liquid ratio of the shell to the citric acid is 1: 8;

(2) removing fish scales from 4kg of fish skin, cleaning, chopping, mixing with 3kg of fruit residues, 1.1kg of bacteria powder, 0.8kg of enzyme preparation, 15kg of water and shells treated by microwaves, sealing and fermenting for 20h at 50 ℃, wherein the bacteria powder comprises pediococcus acidilactici, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus casei in a mass ratio of 3:15:10, and the enzyme preparation comprises bromelain, cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 4:1: 1.

Preparation example 3: the difference from preparation example 1 is that pediococcus acidilactici was not added to the powder.

Preparation example 4: the difference from preparation example 1 is that in step (1), the shells were not subjected to microwave treatment.

Preparation example 5: the difference from preparation example 1 is that in step (1), the shells were not treated with citric acid.

Examples

In the examples, all the raw materials can be commercially available materials, and the catalase is selected from Cangzhou Xiushen enzyme biotechnology limited company with the model number of FDY-3505; the glucose oxidase is selected from the biological technology limited of Anhushujun, with the product number of 202131; the lactobacillus plantarum is selected from Shaanxi Sanhe pharmaceutical industry Co Ltd, and the cargo number is SH-YSJ-001; enterococcus faecalis is selected from Wuhan La Na pharmaceutical chemical Co., Ltd, with a product number of EF 234243; the yeast is selected from Jinhuafenghui biology technologies of Jinan, with a goods number of 667; the eucalyptus oil Shanghai GaoMing chemical company has a product number of 412536; the chicken plasma protein powder is selected from Xian Guanmeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, with the product number of GM 023795; the Yucca is selected from Shaanxi Yizhimin plant science and technology limited, and has a product number of YM-BL 329; the chitosan is selected from Jiangsu ancient shellfish biotechnology limited company with a product number of 558899.

Example 1: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is prepared by using raw materials as shown in Table 1, wherein a fermented feed additive is selected from preparation example 1, composite vitamins comprise vitamin A, vitamin B6 and vitamin 12 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, composite trace elements comprise copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, composite amino acids comprise methionine, threonine and tryptophan in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:1, vegetable oil comprises eucalyptus oil and linseed oil in a mass ratio of 1:1, plasma protein powder comprises chicken plasma protein powder and a yucca extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and nano selenium is prepared by mixing resveratrol and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 2:1 at room temperature for 20 min;

the preparation method of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for the sows comprises the following steps:

mixing catalase and glucose oxidase according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1 to prepare a composite enzyme agent;

mixing lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and yeast according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:0.1 to prepare a composite microbial inoculum;

uniformly mixing bean pulp, bran, composite trace elements, composite amino acids and composite vitamins to prepare a fermentation substrate, adding water according to the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the water of 1:0.5, adding a composite microbial inoculum and a composite enzyme agent while stirring, fermenting for 12 hours at 28 ℃, adding nano selenium, vegetable oil, a fermented feed additive and plasma protein powder, and uniformly mixing to prepare the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for the sows.

TABLE 1 raw material ratios of fungal enzyme co-fermented feeds for sows in examples 1-5

Examples 2 to 5: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that the raw material dosage is shown in Table 1.

Example 6: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the embodiment 1 in that vegetable oil comprises eucalyptus oil and linseed oil in a mass ratio of 1:2, and plasma protein powder comprises chicken plasma protein powder and a yucca extract in a mass ratio of 1: 1;

mixing catalase and glucose oxidase according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare a composite enzyme agent;

mixing lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and yeast according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial inoculum;

uniformly mixing bean pulp, bran, composite trace elements, composite amino acids and composite vitamins to prepare a fermentation substrate, adding water according to the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the water of 1:0.5, adding a composite microbial inoculum and a composite enzyme agent while stirring, fermenting for 16 hours at 30 ℃, adding nano selenium, vegetable oil, a fermented feed additive and plasma protein powder, and uniformly mixing to prepare the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for the sows.

Example 7: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the fermented feed additive in example 1 in that the fermented feed additive is corn steep liquor dry powder, is selected from Rio's 26384Nhua diligent feed Co.Ltd, and has the model number of YMJGF 8039.

Example 8: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that the vegetable fat is linseed oil.

Example 9: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that the plasma protein powder is chicken plasma protein powder.

Example 10: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows differs from example 1 in that a fermented feed additive is selected from preparation example 2.

Example 11: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows differs from example 1 in that the fermented feed additive is selected from preparation example 3.

Example 12: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows differs from example 1 in that the fermented feed additive is selected from preparation example 4.

Example 13: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows differs from example 1 in that the fermented feed additive is selected from preparation example 5.

Example 14: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that nano-selenium is pretreated by the following steps:

(1) cleaning and cutting 1kg of dandelion, 1kg of glabrous greenbrier rhizome and 2kg of largehead atractylodes rhizome, extracting with water 5 times of the weight of the dandelion, the glabrous greenbrier rhizome and the largehead atractylodes rhizome, concentrating the water extract, uniformly mixing 2kg of concentrate with 0.8kg of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 3% and 0.1kg of monocalcium phosphate, granulating, heating to 200 ℃, and preparing a carrier, wherein the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 500 cps;

(2) dissolving 1kg of nano selenium in 2kg of water, adding the carrier prepared in the step (1), mixing for 30min under-0.1 MPa, and drying to prepare an intermediate;

(3) dispersing 3kg of chitosan in 5kg of acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 2%, adding 0.1kg of emulsifier and 3kg of water, uniformly mixing to prepare a wall material solution, adding the intermediate prepared in the step (2), and performing spray drying, wherein the emulsifier is lecithin.

Example 15: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that nano-selenium is pretreated by the following steps:

(1) cleaning and cutting 3kg of dandelion, 3kg of glabrous greenbrier rhizome and 4kg of largehead atractylodes rhizome, extracting with water of which the weight is 10 times that of the dandelion, the glabrous greenbrier rhizome and the largehead atractylodes rhizome, concentrating the water extract, uniformly mixing 4kg of concentrate with 1.6kg of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 5% and 0.5kg of monocalcium phosphate, granulating, heating to 250 ℃, and preparing a carrier, wherein the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 700 cps;

(2) dissolving 2kg of nano selenium in 4kg of water, adding the carrier prepared in the step (1), mixing for 20min under-0.3 MPa, and drying to prepare an intermediate;

(3) dispersing 5kg of chitosan in 7kg of acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 3%, adding 0.5kg of emulsifier and 5kg of water, uniformly mixing to prepare a wall material solution, adding the intermediate prepared in the step (2), and performing spray drying, wherein the emulsifier is lecithin.

Example 16: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that nano-selenium is pretreated by the following steps: dispersing 5kg of chitosan in 7kg of acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 3%, adding 0.5kg of emulsifier and 5kg of water, uniformly mixing to prepare a wall material solution, adding 1kg of nano selenium, and performing spray drying, wherein the emulsifier is lecithin.

Example 17: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that nano-selenium is pretreated by the following steps: (1) cleaning and cutting 3kg of dandelion, 3kg of glabrous greenbrier rhizome and 4kg of largehead atractylodes rhizome, extracting with water of which the weight is 10 times that of the dandelion, the glabrous greenbrier rhizome and the largehead atractylodes rhizome, concentrating the water extract, uniformly mixing 4kg of concentrate with 1.6kg of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 3% and 0.5kg of monocalcium phosphate, granulating, heating to 250 ℃, and preparing a carrier, wherein the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 500 cps;

(2) dissolving 2kg of nano selenium in 4kg of water, adding the carrier prepared in the step (1), mixing for 20min under-0.3 MPa, and drying.

Example 18: a fungus-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from embodiment 1 in that (1) 3kg of dandelion, 3kg of glabrous greenbrier rhizome and 4kg of largehead atractylodes rhizome are cleaned and cut off, water extraction is carried out by 10 times of the weight of the three, and the water extraction liquid is concentrated, granulated and prepared into a carrier;

Comparative example

Comparative example 1: a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that glucose oxidase is not added into a compound enzyme agent.

Comparative example 2: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that catalase is not added into a compound enzyme agent.

Comparative example 3: a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that lactobacillus plantarum is not added in a composite microbial inoculum.

Comparative example 4: a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that nano selenium is not added.

Comparative example 5: a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is different from the feed in example 1 in that no plasma protein powder is added.

Comparative example 6: a fermented antibiotic-free sow feed for preventing and treating diarrhea of suckling piglets is prepared by the following steps: preparing a premix: 1kg of compound vitamin 1, 2kg of trace element premix 1, 3.5kg of salt, 8kg of calcium carbonate, 6kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 5kg of L-lysine hydrochloride, 2kg of methionine, 3kg of threonine, 0.5kg of tryptophan, 3kg of valine, 0.7kg of choline chloride, 0.3kg of phytase, 0.2kg of saccharin sodium, 0.3kg of ethoxyquinoline, 0.2kg of calcium propionate and 4.3kg of corn are mixed in a mixer for 4min and uniformly mixed to obtain premix;

preparing powder: mixing 500kg of corn, 120kg of soybean meal, 70kg of expanded soybean, 25kg of alfalfa, 40kg of fish meal, 15kg of soybean oil and 40kg of premix according to a proportion to prepare powder;

mixing: 120kg of microbial fermented feed 1 and the powder are uniformly mixed before feeding, and then the mixture is fed to sows.

Performance test

Firstly, detecting the feeding condition of a lactating sow:

and (3) experimental design: 240 sows of the growing binary hybrid with similar genetic body conditions and expected delivery periods are selected, the sows are randomly divided into 24 groups according to the principle of similar birth times, body weights and fat conditions, each group comprises 10 sows, wherein the 1 st to 18 th groups are sequentially fed with the feed prepared in examples 1 to 18, the 19 th to 24 th groups are sequentially fed with the feed prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6, the test period is 21 days after delivery of the sows, the piglets are weaned after 21 days, and each sow carries 10 piglets.

Feeding management: feeding management and environmental conditions of all the test pigs are consistent, the test pigs are all fed in the same pigpen, the feeding management is carried out according to the conventional management rules and prepared immunization programs of a pig farm, free feeding and drinking water are started on the 4 th day after delivery of the sows, feeding is carried out every day at 8:00, 12:00, 17:00 and 22:00, the feeding amount is counted, the suckling piglets are fed in a high-bed delivery room with a heat preservation box along with the sows, a door window is closed, appropriate ventilation is carried out, all the piglets are led for 21 days, and the piglets carried by the sows are adjusted to 10 according to the individual weight of the piglets at 8:00 am on the 4 th day after delivery of the sows.

And (4) test recording: the lactation amount of the sow is as follows: the lactation yield of each sow was estimated as the difference between the neck litter weight and the birth litter weight for 20 days. Selecting 3 piglets close to the average litter size from each litter of piglets to measure the lactation amount on the 11 th day and the 21 th day of breast milk lactation at 8:00-17: 00;

(II) daily average feed intake: cleaning excess materials every day in the lactation period of the sow, weighing, and recording the daily feed intake of the lactating sow; third, piglet growth performance: the piglets are individually weighed 2h after birth (before eating colostrum), the average newborn individual weight of 10 piglets in each group is calculated, the individual weight of the piglets is weighed 2h after 21 days of weaning, the average weaning weight of 10 piglets in each group is calculated, and the 21-day weight gain of the weaned piglets in each group is recorded;

fourthly, the diarrhea rate of the piglets: the morphology of the piglet feces (Table 2) was reviewed and recorded at a fixed time daily (8: 00-9:00 am, 16:00-17:00 pm) and judged to be diarrhea when the diarrhea score was greater than or equal to 2. The diarrhea rate (%) (% diarrhea) is the sum of heads with diarrhea/(number of litter-born piglets × number of test days), and the above measurements are recorded in table 3.

TABLE 2 piglet diarrhea score criteria

Stool form	Degree of diarrhea	Diarrhea scoring
			Shaped hard manure	Is normal	0
Shaped soft manure	Light and slight	1
			Thick, unshaped and no separation of liquid dung	Of moderate degree	2
Liquid, unformed and separated liquid-liquid	Severe severity of disease	3

Secondly, measuring the total number of the fungus colonies of the feed: fermented feeds were prepared according to the methods in examples and comparative examples, and the total number of mold colonies after 60 days of the feeds was measured according to the method in GB/T13092-2006 "measurement of total number of molds in feeds", and the measurement results are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Performance test of bacterial enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for sows

As can be seen from the contents in table 3, the fermented feed additive prepared in preparation example 1 is adopted in examples 1-5, fermented feeds prepared from different raw materials are used, the lactating sows are fed for 21 days until the piglets are weaned, the daily feed intake of the sows is large during the period, the milk yield is increased, the piglets grow rapidly, the daily weight gain reaches 263.3-270.0g, the diarrhea rate is 0.95-1.90%, the number of diarrhea heads of the piglets is 2-3, and the total number of the mold colonies of the feeds is always below 40000cfu/g within the storage time of 60 days, so that the requirements of GB13078-2017 feed hygiene standard are met.

Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 6 changes the raw material proportion of the plasma protein powder, the vegetable fat, the compound microbial inoculum and the compound enzyme, and tests show that the feed prepared in the embodiment 6 can also increase the lactation yield of sows, reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets, increase the immunity and accelerate the growth speed.

Example 7 compared with example 1, the commercial fermented feed additive is used, the fermented feed additive is corn steep liquor dry powder, and the data in table 3 shows that the milk yield of the sow is remarkably reduced at 10 days, the diarrhea rate of the piglet is increased, the number of the diarrhea piglets reaches 5, the daily weight gain of the piglet is 253.8g, and the daily weight gain is reduced by 13.3g compared with example 1.

Example 8 compared with example 1, the vegetable oil and fat only contains linseed oil and does not contain eucalyptus oil, and table 3 shows that after the feed is stored for 60 days, the total number of fungus colonies exceeds 40000cfu/g, and 42300cfu/g is reached, which shows that the eucalyptus oil can enhance the storage durability of the feed.

Example 9 compared to example 1, plasma protein powder without yucca extract increased the diarrhea rate of piglets, decreased daily gain, and decreased food intake of lactating sows after the day.

The fermented feed additive of example 10 was prepared according to preparation example 2, and table 3 shows that the feed prepared in example 10 had a daily feed intake and a lactation similar to example 1 after being consumed by sows, and the daily weight gain and diarrhea rate of piglets are similar to example 1.

The fermented feed additive in example 11 was prepared from preparation example 3, pediococcus acidilactici was not added to the powder of the bacteria in preparation example 3, the daily average feed intake of the fermented feed prepared in example 11 was reduced, the lactation yield of the lactating sows was reduced, and the growth rate of the piglets was reduced.

In example 12 and example 13, the fermented feed additives of preparation examples 4 and 5 were used, respectively, wherein the shells in preparation example 4 were not subjected to microwave treatment, the shells in preparation example 5 were not subjected to citric acid treatment, and the fermented feed additives of example 12 and example 13 showed a decrease in milk yield and a decrease in piglet growth rate after the lactating sows took the feed with little change in daily feed intake.

The difference between the example 14 and the example 15 and the example 1 is that the nano selenium is pretreated by sodium alginate, chitosan and the like, and table 3 shows that the feed prepared in the example 14 and the example 15 has the advantages that the amount of the sow milk is increased, the growth speed of the piglets is high and the piglets do not have diarrhea after eating the feed.

Example 16 compared to example 1, when chitosan, an emulsifier, etc. were used as a wall material, and were mixed with nano-selenium and then spray-dried to pre-treat the nano-selenium, the amount of milk secretion of lactating sows was reduced and the growth rate of piglets was reduced compared to example 14 without using dandelion, etc. as a carrier.

In example 17, compared to example 14, in the case of the nano-selenium pretreatment, the coating was not performed using chitosan as the wall material, and table 3 shows that the feed prepared in example 17 decreased the lactation yield of the sows and the growth rate of the piglets was inferior to that of example 14.

Example 18 compared to example 1, the carrier and chitosan were used to pretreat nano-selenium without the addition of sodium alginate and monocalcium phosphate, and compared to example 14, the sow milk yield was reduced and the piglet growth rate was slowed.

Compared with the example 1, the complex enzyme preparation of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 has no glucose oxidase and catalase added, so that the lactation yield of the sow is reduced, and the diarrhea rate of the piglet is increased.

Comparative example 3 compared with example 1, the feed prepared in example 3, in which lactobacillus plantarum was not added to the complex microbial inoculum, had a growth rate of piglets inferior to that of example 1 after 21 days of sow feeding, and diarrhea rate was increased.

Compared with the feed prepared in the embodiment 1, the feed prepared in the embodiment 4 and the feed prepared in the embodiment 5 have the advantages that after the sow eats the feed for 21 days, the daily gain of the piglets is 241.9g and 248.6g respectively, and the growth speed of the piglets is reduced compared with the daily gain of the piglets in the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 6 is a fermented feed prepared by the prior art, after a lactating sow is fed for 21 days, the lactation amount of the sow is small, the average weight of piglets weaned after 21 days is 6.43kg, the daily gain is small, and after the piglets are stored for 60 days, the total number of fungus colonies exceeds the requirements of GB13078-2017 feed hygiene Standard.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. The bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of compound vitamin, 5-9 parts of compound trace element, 8-12 parts of compound amino acid, 0.02-0.06 part of compound enzyme, 1-3 parts of compound microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of nano selenium, 1-5 parts of vegetable fat, 12-20 parts of fermented feed additive and 10-15 parts of plasma protein powder;

2. The bacteriase co-fermented feed for sows, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fermented feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of shell, 1-3 parts of pomace, 1-4 parts of fish skin, 0.3-1.1 parts of bacterial powder, 0.1-0.8 part of enzyme preparation and 5-15 parts of water.

3. The bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows according to claim 2, wherein the bacterial powder is pediococcus acidilactici, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus casei in a mass ratio of 3-5:15-20: 10-20;

4. The fermented feed additive with bacterial enzymes for sows of claim 2, wherein the fermented feed additive is prepared by the following steps: cleaning and crushing shells, adding a citric acid solution with the mass concentration of 15-20%, uniformly stirring, performing microwave irradiation for 5-8min at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ under the microwave power of 550-600W, cooling, washing with distilled water to be neutral, and drying, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the shells to the citric acid is 1: 7-8;

5. The fungus and enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nano-selenium is prepared by mixing resveratrol and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 2-4:1 at room temperature for 20-30min and centrifuging.

6. The fungus enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nano-selenium is pretreated by the following raw materials in parts by weight:

7. The bacteriase synergistic fermented feed for sows as claimed in claim 6, wherein the viscosity of sodium alginate is 500-700 cps.

8. The bacteriase synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasma protein powder comprises chicken plasma protein powder and yucca extract at a mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1.

9. The fungal and enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil is eucalyptus oil and linseed oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2.

10. The method for preparing a bacteriase-synergistically fermented feed for sows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: