CN113287681A - Method for preparing composite anti-feed additive by taking ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing composite anti-feed additive by taking ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite anti-displacement feed additive by taking a ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract as a raw material. The method comprises the steps of preparing a ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule by taking a ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract as a raw material and chitosan as a wall material and taking the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract as a core material by an ion crosslinking method; then mixing the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule with one or more of other anti-plant extracts, plant essential oil, probiotics, oligosaccharide, organic acid, enzyme preparation and antibacterial peptide according to a certain mass ratio until the mixture is uniformly mixed, adding a certain amount of carrier, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product; the process is convenient to operate, the obtained product has high added value and good resistance replacing effect, and is suitable for being popularized and used as a resistance replacing additive in livestock and poultry or aquaculture feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest source extract feed additives, in particular to a method for preparing a composite substitute feed additive by taking a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as a raw material.
Background
Gingko is an important economic forest tree species in China, and the gingko industry chain is 200 billion yuan, so that the gingko is an important local agriculture and forestry characteristic industry. The gingko resources in China account for more than 85 percent of the world, the planting area is 40 million hectares, and the annual yield of the dried gingko leaves is more than 4 million tons. At present, ginkgo biloba leaves are mainly used for processing ginkgo biloba extracts, and the ginkgo biloba extracts mainly contain flavone and lactone active substances and are widely applied to medicines, functional foods and cosmetics. A large amount of byproducts such as leaf residues and the like are generated in the traditional processing process of the ginkgo biloba extract, most of the byproducts are discarded or treated as fertilizers, the resource utilization rate is low, and the environment is polluted.
The ginkgo leaf residues contain rich lipoid active substances, and the ginkgo lipoid components mainly comprise compounds such as hydrocarbons, polypentenol, terpene alcohols, sterols and the like. The research and utilization of the ginkgo biloba lipid in China is less, and earlier researches prove that the ginkgo biloba lipid has a good inhibition effect on various pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pasteurella multocida, salmonella and candida, has good antioxidant activity, and is safe and nontoxic in animals. Therefore, the development of the antibiotic substitute feed additive by the lipid extract of the ginkgo biloba leaves is feasible.
At present, no relevant research and report for preparing the substitute antibiotic feed additive by taking the ginkgo biloba lipid extract as the raw material is found at home and abroad. Therefore, the invention provides a method for developing a composite substitute feed additive product of the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract by using the ginkgo leaf residue from the processing of the ginkgo extract as a raw material, preparing the ginkgo lipid microcapsule by adopting an ion crosslinking technology and carrying out a composite formula with other substitute antibiotics. The product of the invention is beneficial to realizing high-valued utilization of ginkgo leaf processing byproducts, improving the utilization rate and economic benefit of ginkgo leaf resources, and providing technical support for promoting the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the ginkgo industry in China and the country happiness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a composite antibiotic-substituting feed additive by using a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as a raw material, the process is convenient to operate, the obtained product has a good antibiotic-substituting effect, and the method is suitable for being popularized and used as the antibiotic-substituting additive in livestock and poultry or aquaculture feeds.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for preparing a composite anti-feed additive by taking a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as a raw material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding a certain amount of chitosan into a 1% acetic acid solution to prepare a 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; dissolving a certain amount of sodium tripolyphosphate with water to prepare 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 0.5% of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 0.5% of chitosan acetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 4-5, uniformly stirring at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400-600 r/min to obtain a mixed solution as a wall material, slowly adding a certain amount of the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract as a core material in the stirring process, wherein the mass ratio of the core material to the wall material is 1-2: 10, then adding a certain amount of n-hexane, continuously stirring for 60-90 min, performing high-speed centrifugation for 10-20 min after stirring is finished, washing precipitates with water, and drying to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule product.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Mixing the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule with one or more of other anti-plant extracts, plant essential oil, probiotics, oligosaccharide, organic acid, enzyme preparation and antibacterial peptide according to a certain mass ratio until the mixture is uniformly mixed, then adding a certain amount of carrier, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product.
The folium Ginkgo residue refers to the residue of folium Ginkgo extract.
The ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract is prepared by taking ginkgo leaf residues as raw materials and carrying out n-hexane extraction, saponification, dewaxing, solvent recovery and drying.
The other anti-plant extracts in the step (2) are one or more of saccharicterpenin, spirulina platensis extracts, tea polyphenol, eucommia ulmoides extracts, mulberry leaf extracts, rosemary extracts, alfalfa extracts, garlicin, seabuckthorn flavone, yucca extracts, perilla extracts, bamboo leaf flavones, mulberry polyphenol, lentinan, lycium barbarum polysaccharides, dysentery stopping grass extracts, baicalin, macleaya cordata extracts and dandelion extracts.
The plant essential oil in the step (2) is one or more of thyme essential oil, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, vanillin, eugenol, sweet orange essential oil and citral.
The probiotics in the step (2) are one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus faecium, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes.
The oligosaccharide in the step (2) is one or more of xylooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, oligochitosan, galactooligosaccharide, maltooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide.
The organic acid in the step (2) is one or more of butyric acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, tannic acid, malic acid and fumaric acid.
The enzyme preparation in the step (2) is one or more of protease, amylase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, lipase, phytase, cellulase, beta-mannase and alpha-galactosidase.
The antibacterial peptide in the step (2) is one or more of cecropin, bombesin, melittin and defensin.
The carrier in the step (2) is one or more of zeolite powder, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, medical stone powder, white carbon black, wheat germ powder, wheat bran and starch.
The ginkgo biloba leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule is prepared by embedding a ginkgo biloba leaf residue lipoid extract by using chitosan as an embedding material by an ion crosslinking method, and the drug loading rate of the ginkgo biloba leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule is 30-40%.
The ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite antibiotic substitute feed additive product is prepared by compounding the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsules with other antibiotic substitute feed additive products (plant extracts, plant essential oil, probiotics, oligosaccharides, organic acids, enzyme preparations, antibacterial peptides and the like) according to a certain mass ratio, has a good antibiotic substitute effect, and can be applied to livestock and poultry or aquaculture feeds as an antibiotic substitute feed additive.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the ion crosslinking technology to prepare the ginkgo lipide microcapsule preparation, can improve the hydrophilicity and the biocompatibility of the ginkgo lipide and improve the bioavailability thereof, and can synergistically increase the bacteriostatic effect by chitosan embedding.
(2) The invention carries out compound formula on the ginkgo biloba lipid extract microcapsule and other feeding antibiotics, develops a novel high-efficiency antibiotic-substituting compound feed additive, can achieve the effects of enhancing bacteriostasis, diminishing inflammation, improving immunity, improving disease resistance and the like, and has good application prospect in livestock and poultry or aquaculture feed as the antibiotic-substituting feed additive.
(3) The method extracts the gingko lipoid active substance from the gingko extract processing waste leaf residues and develops a compound substitute antibiotic feed additive product of the gingko lipoid extract, has good substitute antibiotic effect and high added value, can realize high-valued utilization of gingko leaf processing waste resources, and assists the gingko industry in quality improvement and synergism.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 5L of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 20L of chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring uniformly at 30 ℃ and 400r/min to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding 15g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract while stirring, then adding 2L of n-hexane, continuing stirring for 60min, centrifuging at high speed for 10min after stirring is finished, washing precipitate with water, and drying to obtain 145.6g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule product with the drug loading rate of 36.8%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Mixing 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsules, 10g of baicalin, 5g of rosemary extract, 5g of thyme essential oil, 5g of lactobacillus plantarum, 5g of bifidobacterium, 5g of galacto-oligosaccharide, 5g of butyric acid, 5g of xylanase and 5g of bombesin until the mixture is uniformly mixed, then adding 20g of medical stone powder, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-displacement feed additive product.
Example 2:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 4L of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 20L of chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring uniformly at 40 ℃ and at a rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding 20g of the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract while stirring, then adding 1.5L of n-hexane, continuing stirring for 70min, centrifuging at a high speed for 15min after stirring is finished, washing precipitates with water, and drying to obtain 139.8g of the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule product with the drug loading rate of 35.4%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Mixing 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsules, 10g of eucommia ulmoides extract, 5g of bamboo leaf flavone, 5g of cinnamaldehyde, 5g of streptococcus thermophilus, 5g of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5g of fumaric acid, 5g of beta-glucanase, 5g of citric acid and 5g of cecropin until the mixture is uniformly mixed, then adding 20g of wheat bran, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product.
Example 3:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 4.5L sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution with 20L chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring at 45 deg.C and 600r/min to obtain mixed solution, slowly adding 12g folium Ginkgo lipid extract while stirring, adding 2L n-hexane, stirring for 80min, centrifuging at high speed for 20min after stirring, washing precipitate with water, and drying to obtain folium Ginkgo lipid extract microcapsule product 142.8g with drug loading rate of 36.2%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Mixing 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule, 5g of saccharicterpenin, 5g of alfalfa, 5g of tea polyphenol, 5g of oregano oil, 5g of eugenol, 5g of enterococcus faecium, 5g of isomaltooligosaccharide, 5g of citric acid, 5g of phytase and 5g of defensin until the mixture is uniform, then adding 25g of wheat germ powder, and continuing to mix uniformly to obtain the compound ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract substitute feed additive product.
Example 4:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 5L of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 20L of chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring uniformly at 40 ℃ and at a rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding 18g of the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract while stirring, then adding 2.5L of n-hexane, continuing stirring for 60min, centrifuging at a high speed for 15min after stirring is finished, washing precipitates with water, and drying to obtain 145.9g of a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule product with a drug loading rate of 37.2%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Taking 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsules, 5g of yucca extract, 5g of lentinan, 5g of seabuckthorn flavone, 5g of sweet orange essential oil, 5g of bacillus subtilis, 5g of mannan oligosaccharide, 5g of lactic acid, 5g of beta-mannase, 5g of alpha-galactosidase and 5g of melittin, mixing until the mixture is uniform, then adding 20g of microcrystalline cellulose, and continuing to mix uniformly to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product.
Example 5:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 4.5L sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution with 20L chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring at 30 deg.C and 600r/min to obtain mixed solution, slowly adding 20g folium Ginkgo residue lipid extract while stirring, adding 2L n-hexane, stirring for 80min, centrifuging at high speed for 15min after stirring, washing precipitate with water, and drying to obtain folium Ginkgo residue lipid extract microcapsule product 142.9g with drug loading rate of 36.3%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Taking 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsules, 5g of perilla extract, 5g of lycium barbarum polysaccharide, 5g of dandelion extract, 5g of vanillin, 5g of bifidobacterium, 5g of mannan oligosaccharide, 5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 5g of tannin, 5g of phytase and 5g of bombesin, mixing until uniformly mixed, then adding 25g of white carbon black, and continuously mixing uniformly to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product.
Example 6:
preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
(1) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding 100g of chitosan into 20L of 1% acetic acid solution to prepare 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; 50g of sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved by 10L of water to prepare 0.5 percent sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 5L of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 20L of chitosan acetic acid solution, stirring uniformly at 40 ℃ and at a rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding 20g of the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract while stirring, then adding 2L of n-hexane, continuing stirring for 70min, centrifuging at a high speed for 10min after stirring is finished, washing precipitates with water, and drying to obtain 146.2g of a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule product with a drug loading rate of 37.4%.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Taking 50g of ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsules, 5g of macleaya cordata extract, 5g of dandelion extract, 5g of mulberry polyphenol, 5g of citral, 5g of lactobacillus plantarum, 5g of xylooligosaccharide, 5g of malic acid, 5g of xylanase, 5g of cecropin and 5g of melittin, mixing until the mixture is uniformly mixed, then adding 20g of starch, and continuously mixing uniformly to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-displacement feed additive product.
Claims (11)
1. A method for preparing a composite anti-feed additive by taking a ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule
Adding a certain amount of chitosan into a 1% acetic acid solution to prepare a 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution; dissolving a certain amount of sodium tripolyphosphate with water to prepare 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution; mixing 0.5% of sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution and 0.5% of chitosan acetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 4-5, uniformly stirring at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400-600 r/min to obtain a mixed solution as a wall material, slowly adding a certain amount of the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract as a core material in the stirring process, wherein the mass ratio of the core material to the wall material is 1-2: 10, then adding a certain amount of n-hexane, continuously stirring for 60-90 min, performing high-speed centrifugation for 10-20 min after stirring is finished, washing precipitates with water, and drying to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract microcapsule product.
(2) Preparation of ginkgo leaf residue lipoid extract composite anti-feed additive
Mixing the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract microcapsule with one or more of other anti-plant extracts, plant essential oil, probiotics, oligosaccharide, organic acid, enzyme preparation and antibacterial peptide according to a certain mass ratio until the mixture is uniformly mixed, then adding a certain amount of carrier, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract composite anti-feed additive product.
2. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the folium Ginkgo residue refers to the residue of folium Ginkgo extract.
3. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ginkgo leaf residue lipid extract is prepared by taking ginkgo leaf residues as raw materials and carrying out n-hexane extraction, saponification, dewaxing, solvent recovery and drying.
4. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the other anti-plant extracts in the step (2) are one or more of saccharicterpenin, spirulina platensis extracts, tea polyphenol, eucommia ulmoides extracts, mulberry leaf extracts, rosemary extracts, alfalfa extracts, garlicin, seabuckthorn flavone, yucca extracts, perilla extracts, bamboo leaf flavones, mulberry polyphenol, lentinan, lycium barbarum polysaccharides, dysentery stopping grass extracts, baicalin, macleaya cordata extracts and dandelion extracts.
5. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plant essential oil in the step (2) is one or more of thyme essential oil, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, vanillin, eugenol, sweet orange essential oil and citral.
6. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the probiotics in the step (2) are one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus faecium, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes.
7. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oligosaccharide in the step (2) is one or more of xylooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, oligochitosan, galactooligosaccharide, maltooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide.
8. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic acid in the step (2) is one or more of butyric acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, tannic acid, malic acid and fumaric acid.
9. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the enzyme preparation in the step (2) is one or more of protease, amylase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, lipase, phytase, cellulase, beta-mannase and alpha-galactosidase.
10. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the antibacterial peptide in the step (2) is one or more of cecropin, bombesin, melittin and defensin.
11. The method for preparing the composite anti-feed additive by taking the lipid extract of ginkgo leaf residues as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the carrier in the step (2) is one or more of zeolite powder, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, medical stone powder, white carbon black, wheat germ powder, wheat bran and starch.
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